Bahai: 900 people
Adult height10-12m. Bark cracking, no cork layer, yellow inner layer, sticky, thick branchlets, smooth and hairless. Odd pinnate compound leaves are opposite, with leaflets 7- 15, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 9- 15 cm long and 3-5 cm wide. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, arranged in terminal panicles. Berry drupe is spherical, with a diameter of1-1.5cm, dense and black, with 5-6 drupes.
Planting techniques of wampee
1, planting time: spring is the best. Spring sowing is usually carried out in March-May, when there is more rain, the temperature rises, it is easy to take root and the survival rate is high. When transplanting, the root system of nutrient bag seedlings is less affected, and the garden with irrigation conditions can be planted in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
2. Planting density: generally, 50-80 plants are planted per mu, mostly in the form of wide rows and narrow plants. The plant spacing can be 3m× 4m or 2.5m× 3.5m When planning close planting, about 1 10 plants are planted per mu, and the plant spacing can be 2m× 3m.
3. Seedling raising: select excellent varieties suitable for local cultivation. Seedlings should be short and dry, with lush foliage and no pests and diseases.
4. Preparation of planting holes: after the planting position is determined according to the plant spacing, holes are dug according to the specifications of length, width and depth of 65, 438+0m and 0.8m respectively, soil miscellaneous fertilizers are applied in layers and returned to the soil, and the last layer is returned to the soil. Each hole is buried with 50 kg of green manure+50 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer+0.5 kg of lime+0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and the planting hole after ploughing is about 20 cm higher than the ground. When planting in a flat orchard with high groundwater level, the planting holes are layered with decomposed compost and in-situ soil or exotic soil to form a mound with a pier height of about 30 cm and a bottom width of1m.
5. Planting: When planting, the roots of wampee seedlings should avoid contact with fertilizers, the seedlings should stand upright, and the roots should naturally extend around. The planting depth should be covered with fine soil to the root neck and maintained at the same depth as the seedling stage. Be careful when planting, and compact the fine soil gently. After planting, water the roots, and cover the trees with grass to keep them moist to prevent sun and rain.
Young tree management
1. Fertilization: Young trees are fruit trees that last for 2-4 years from planting to first fruiting. Young plants grow vigorously, quickly form roots and crowns, and branch 3-4 times a year. Plants with vigorous growth, especially orchards with early fruiting and high yield, often begin to bear fruit 1-2 years after planting, so a large amount of nutrient supply is needed to meet the needs of plant growth and development. However, young roots are underdeveloped, shallow in distribution and weak in absorption. Therefore, fertilization of young trees should be based on the principle of diligent application and thin application, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, combined with phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer. Fertilizers can be organic fertilizers, such as human and animal urine, bran fertilizer, compound fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, foliar micro-fertilizer, etc. The purpose of fertilization is to accelerate the vegetative growth and promote the early fruiting, high and stable yield of plants. Fertilization period: Fertilization can be started after the survival of planting 1 month, and then fertilization can be carried out before each new shoot germination and after the new shoot turns green. That is, "one point with two fertilizers" or "one point with three fertilizers". Fertilize the soil twice and fertilize outside the roots once. Fertilization before germination can promote shoot elongation and leaf spreading. Fertilizing in the green period of new shoots can make the leaves of new shoots green, improve photosynthetic efficiency and make the branches thicker. After the new shoots turn green, fertilization can accelerate the maturity of the new shoots, increase the thickness of leaves and the accumulation of organic matter, shorten the shoot emergence period, and be beneficial to the multiple germination of the new shoots. In addition, organic fertilizer should be applied deeply every winter.
2. Moisture management: wampee is suitable for growing in a humid environment, but water accumulation is prohibited. Young trees grow vigorously, with shallow and few roots, which are easily affected by soil moisture changes. The air humidity is low and the soil is dry. At this time, the water consumption of trees is high. If the water supply is not timely, the leaves will wither and the plants will die when there is serious water shortage. Too much water and poor soil permeability will lead to root rot and plant death. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen soil moisture management, irrigate during drought, drain during waterlogging and keep the soil moist. After planting, attention should be paid to maintaining soil moisture from the first time when new buds mature. After plants survive, they should be drained in time according to the soil moisture and the growth and development of branches, so that the soil will not accumulate water and remain moist, which is conducive to the normal growth of plants.
3. Young tree pruning: the wampee is an evergreen fruit tree with a round crown, short stems, dense branches and strong terminal shoots, which is conducive to early fruiting and high and stable yield of wampee. The method is as follows: after the seedlings are planted and survive, the seeds are picked or cut short at the height of 40-50 cm to promote the germination of the buds under the nodes; When the main branch is mature, core or chop it at 15~20 cm to promote the germination of buds under the cutting mouth, and then select 2-3 robust and reasonably distributed branches from each main branch to cultivate secondary main branches; In this way, the tertiary branch and the quaternary branch are cultured by the above method. Pruning young trees in winter mainly means pruning and thinning branches or branches with unreasonable distribution, pruning branches with diseases and insect pests, weak branches, cross branches and drooping branches, so as to make the trees beautiful and the branches distributed reasonably.
Fertilization of fruit trees
(1), the first fertilization: the time was around the great cold. The purpose is to promote flower bud differentiation, which is beneficial to the development of flower organs and fruiting branches. Fertilizer is compost and manure, mainly organic fertilizer. Or combined with soil improvement, chicken manure, bran fertilizer, mushroom residue and forage grass are mixed with appropriate amount of compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and lime. Fertilization methods are as follows: Huangpi Garden with low groundwater level should be deeply dug and applied, with a hole length of 60 cm, a depth of 30-50 cm and a width of 40cm；; The Huangpi Garden with high groundwater level should be fertilized near drip line and then covered with exotic soil. Fertilization rate: 10 kg of livestock manure +0.5 kg of bran cake+10 kg of mushroom residue+15 kg of forage grass +0.25 kg of lime, buried in holes layer by layer, and then covered with topsoil.
(2) The second fertilization: the time is after the full flowering period. The purpose is to replenish a large number of nutrients consumed by flowering trees in time, strengthen flowers and fruits, and keep leaves green. Fertilizer is mainly compound fertilizer. Fertilization method is: daub near the crown of drip line, or open a shallow hole near drip line. Fertilization rate: compound fertilizer 150 ~ 200g/ plant.
(3) The third fertilization: the time is in the fruit expansion period, that is, after the physiological fruit drop. The purpose is to promote fruit expansion, normal fruit development and increase yield. The fertilizer should be a compound fertilizer mainly composed of potassium and nitrogen. Fertilization method: apply it near the crown of drip irrigation line; Fertilization amount: compound fertilizer 150 ~ 200g/ plant.
(4) fourth fertilization: the time is after the fruit is picked. The purpose is to restore tree vigor, promote autumn shoots and cultivate timely and robust fruiting mother branches. Generally, the amount of fertilization is large, but it depends on the age of the bearing tree, the number of fruits and soil conditions. The fertilizer is decomposed human and animal manure or decomposed bran water, and is matched with nitrogen-based quick-acting fertilizer. Fertilization method: spraying water for fertilization and spreading dry fertilizer; Fertilization amount: the water and fertilizer should be 10 times of the decomposed bran water, and the fertilizer should be 15kg per plant. It should be sprayed in the shallow ditch near drip line around the crown or directly on the tree tray. If dry fertilizer is applied, 200-300g of ternary compound fertilizer (15: 15: 15) or 200g of urea are applied to each plant.
(5) Fifth fertilization: the fertilization time is after the autumn shoots germinate. The purpose is to promote the senescence of autumn shoots, promote the secondary autumn shoots in time, and cultivate fruiting mother branches. Fertilization amount and fertilization amount refer to the last fertilization.
2. Water management of fruit trees: The water management of wampee fruit trees should be based on reasonable irrigation and drainage according to different growth periods and water requirements, so as to facilitate high and stable yield. In the second year, from 65438+February to 65438+1October, irrigation should be reduced and appropriate irrigation should be used to make the soil slightly dry, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation. February-April is the flowering and fruit-setting period of wampee. During this period, the spring shoots germinate, the flower spikes grow and develop, bloom bears fruit, the spring rain is continuous, and the air humidity is high. Pay attention to clear the accumulated water and keep the soil moist after the rainstorm. May-June is the fruit expansion period, during which water supply should be sufficient, and water should be sprayed when the weather is dry and there is no rain; This period is also a rainstorm season, so we should pay attention to drainage to prevent rotten roots and cracked fruits. July to 10 is the harvest period and the autumn shoot flowering period, so as to ensure sufficient water supply for plant growth, and drain water in heavy rain to prevent fruit cracking and root rot.
Can wampee trees grow indoors in the northeast 1. Temperature: wampee is native to tropical and subtropical areas in southern China, and likes warm and humid environment. The most suitable area is the area where the annual average temperature is above 20℃ and the monthly average temperature is above 12℃. Adult trees below 0℃ are in danger of freezing injury, and young trees have poor cold tolerance.
2. Moisture: Moisture has a great influence on the growth and development of wampee. Wampee is an evergreen fruit tree, with large growth and many flowers and fruits, which needs a humid environment and sufficient water. Wampee grows well in areas where the annual rainfall is more than 1500mm and is evenly distributed. If there is drought in early spring, it will affect the development of flower organs, flowering and fruit setting, summer drought will affect the development of fruits, autumn drought will affect the emergence of autumn shoots and the yield of the next year, and winter drought will cause deciduous leaves and weaken trees. Too much water and too concentrated rainfall are not conducive to the growth, flowering and fruiting of wampee. If the spring rain continues, it will affect the quality of flowers, pollination and fruit setting, and heavy rain in summer will cause fruit dropping and cracking.
3, lighting: yellow skin is a light-loving crop. In the case of sufficient light, the branches and leaves in the crown can absorb scattered light for photosynthesis, expand the photosynthetic area, enhance the accumulation of nutrients in the tree, expand the fruiting area, and improve the quality and yield of fruits; Insufficient light affects photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation of plants, which is unfavorable to plant growth and development.
4. Soil: wampee has low requirements for soil, and clay loam, sandy loam and gravelly soil can be planted on slopes, ponds and in front of and behind houses. However, different soils have different effects on the longevity and yield of wampee plants. Planting on sandy loam with good drainage, fertile soil and deep soil layer has strong tree potential, long life and high and stable yield. Planting wampee on cohesive soil with poor soil quality, poor drainage and much accumulated water will lead to short life and low yield. Therefore, if we plant wampee on the barren hillside, we should dig a pit and bury a lot of organic fertilizer to improve the soil before planting. When planting wampee in flat land or paddy field with high groundwater level, organic fertilizer should be applied, soil should be raised and the pier should be raised for planting.
My grandma Huangpi Tree's composition 600 September 9-The Double Ninth Festival is here! This is the festival of my beloved grandparents! I must behave well today! After dinner soon, I took out a pair of exquisite scissors from my pocket and ran to my grandparents. I said, "Grandma and Grandpa, can I cut your nails?" Grandpa paused and said with a grain of salt, "Good granddaughter, you also cut your nails!" " Speaking of which, I feel guilty. After all, I have never cut my nails! But I believe: as long as I use my sincerity, I will be able to complete the task. Isn't there an old saying? Nothing is difficult in the world, if you put your mind to it! Do it. I took grandpa's hand and started to act. Wow! Grandpa's nails are so hard! The hardest part is actually in the beginning It took a lot of effort to finally cut the first knife. "Grandpa, does it hurt?" "No, it won't hurt!" Grandpa sat on the sofa with satisfaction and said, "Grandpa is enjoying my granddaughter's blessing!" " "Suddenly, I found that grandpa had no nails on one finger. I was anxious and asked, "Grandpa, where is the nail on your finger?" Grandpa saw that I was in a hurry and quickly said, "Xiaoping Ping, don't worry! I dropped this when I was a soldier. That's a military exercise. We're training to clean guns. The gun was caught because he tried to push too hard quickly. It's okay. Much better now. It doesn't hurt at all. Touch it, it's hard! "Listen to grandpa, I quickly touched it, the meat is really hard. Yes, it's been decades. Can it be difficult? Grandpa is really a strong man! I touched his finger and thought so. Grandpa's fingernails were cut, and it's grandma's turn to cut them. I squeezed grandma's hand and found that although grandma is a woman, her hands are thick and thick. My heart is full of surprises. Grandma saw it and guessed my mind: "Do you want to hear grandma's story, too?" I looked up at grandma's kind eyes and nodded. Grandma's chatterbox suddenly opened: "We didn't have such good conditions when we were children. Because your grandfather is a soldier outside, I take care of everything at home and in the fields. I couldn't finish it for three days and three nights with my hands, and I made great contributions ... "After listening to my grandmother's words, I forgot to cut her nails, but raised her hand and stuck it tightly on my little face. I learned so much after a manicure. Thanks for this Double Ninth Festival! I hope every day is the double ninth festival in people's hearts!
Morphological characteristics and functions of wampee. Wampee is an aromatic plant. Floral axis, branches and leaves of flowers and veins on the back of small leaves all have dense hairs. The fruit is yellow, coated, smaller than kumquat, sour like Toosendan, and the pulp is edible.
Origin: Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces. Leaves, root bark and stones are all used as medicine.
Nature and taste: fragrant, flat, sour, slightly bitter and pungent.
Composition: The oil content of seeds reaches 53.2%. Pericarp and leaves contain volatile oil. Leaves also contain phenols, flavonoid glycosides and amino acids. Bark contains many alkaloids, such as tetrandrine, phellodendrine, tetrandrine, alcohol, mucus, esters and so on.
Function: Relieve depression and clear heat, and treat hernia pain. Leaves can prevent and treat influenza. Roots can cure gas pain and hernia pain. This is a folk medicine widely used by southerners.
What are the characteristics of the leaves of wampee tree? The height is10-12m. Bark cracking, no cork layer, yellow inner layer, sticky, thick branchlets, smooth and hairless. Odd pinnate compound leaves are opposite, with leaflets 7- 15, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 9- 15 cm long and 3-5 cm wide. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, arranged in terminal panicles. Berry drupe is spherical, with a diameter of1-1.5cm, dense and black, with 5-6 drupes.
How to manage several decades-old Huangpi trees The management goal of aged fruit trees is to restore tree vigor and renew fruiting branches. Specific measures: First, shrinkage and shear renewal. Shrink the main branch and side branch by one third to one half, and keep several side branches on the main branch and several branch groups on the side branches; For the reserved branch group, long shears are used instead of short shears, and only pests, dead branches and semi-dead branches are cut off; After pruning, vigorous new branches and long branches will grow on branches and branches, and inferior and diseased plants should be cut off in time. When pruning in summer, the ideal extension branches are selected as the main branches and side branches, and the redundant and useless sprouting branches are pruned immediately to concentrate on the growth of the updated branches. Second, root regeneration: after the fruit is harvested, dig a 50 cm fertilization ditch between the plants, cut off all the big and small roots in the ditch, clean up and fertilize, and then restore, so that new roots grow on the broken roots, the absorption capacity of roots is strengthened, the transportation distance from roots to leaves is shortened, and the crown rejuvenation is promoted.
Fertilization for middle-aged and elderly fruit trees:
Mixed application of base fertilizer: that is, when applying organic fertilizer in winter, trace fertilizers such as zinc, iron and boron are applied to the roots at the same time. Dosage per plant: 200 ~ 250g of zinc-iron compound fertilizer, or zinc fertilizer150 ~ 200g, iron fertilizer 200 ~ 250g, boron fertilizer100 ~150g. Not only can element deficiency disease fruit trees be treated in those years, but also these micro-fertilizers need not be applied for 3-5 years.
Annular furrow application: in early spring, an annular furrow with a width of 30cm and a depth of 40cm can be dug at the vertical projection edge of the crown, and each plant is filled with 200g of zinc-iron compound fertilizer, or 200g of zinc fertilizer150g, iron fertilizer/200g of boron fertilizer100g, dissolved in water and poured into the furrow, and then covered with soil.
Perforation and root irrigation: In spring, 6-8 holes with a depth of 0.5 m can be drilled along the periphery of the tree in the place where the root system is dense under the fruit tree, and then a small amount of water is diluted and put into the holes, and the application amount per plant is the same as above. This method can be used for middle-aged and elderly fruit trees with obvious nutritional deficiency.
Trunk coating: use a knife to cut the trunk of the fruit tree into a spiral shape, and use a brush to coat 1% micro-fertilizer water solution on the whole fruit tree for 1 ~ 2 times.
Foliar spraying: spray 0.3% ~ 0.5% micro-fertilizer water solution 3 ~ 4 times before flowering, fruit setting and after physiological fruit dropping, with an interval of 7 ~ 10 day each time. This method is mainly used for middle-aged fruit trees with mild deficiency of elements.
The fruit of wampee tree is not sweet. What water should I water the tree to make it sweet? First, it is necessary to properly prune and cut off branches with long branches, pests and diseases and branches that are too dense. In the second winter, chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be buried before planting trees outside the drip irrigation line. The third necessity of girding the waist. The fourth note is to control pests and diseases.
What are the benefits of the leaves of wampee tree? Huangpishu
cork tree
Morphological characteristics: Cortex Phellodendri of Rutaceae is an arboreal plant with a height of10-12m. Bark cracking, no cork layer, yellow inner layer, sticky, thick branchlets, smooth and hairless. Odd pinnate compound leaves are opposite, with leaflets 7- 15, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 9- 15 cm long and 3-5 cm wide. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, arranged in terminal panicles. Berry drupe is spherical, with a diameter of1-1.5cm, dense and black, with 5-6 drupes.
Habitat distribution
Among the miscellaneous forests, there are also cultivated ones. Distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan and Hubei.
use
Dry bark is commonly known as "Cortex Phellodendri". After peeling off the bark, the rough bark is removed and dried for medicinal use.
Characteristic phellodendron amurense is plate-shaped or shallow groove-shaped, with different lengths and a thickness of 3 ~ 6mm. The outer surface is yellow-brown or yellow-brown, flat or with longitudinal grooves, and some can see lenticels and residual grayish brown rough skin. The inner surface is dark yellow or light brown with slender longitudinal edges. Light, hard, fibrous, split and layered, dark yellow. Slight gas, bitter taste, sticky to chew.
Sexual taste and bitter and cold meridian tropism. Meridian of kidney and bladder.
Indications: clearing away heat and eliminating dampness, purging fire and removing steaming, detoxicating and treating sores. Can be used for damp-heat diarrhea, jaundice, leukorrhagia, heat stranguria, beriberi, flaccidity, bone steaming, night sweats, nocturnal emission, sores, eczema and itching. Salt cortex phellodendri nourishing yin and reducing fire. It is used for bone steaming of yin deficiency and excessive fire, night sweats and other diseases.
Seeds can extract oil.
What is the growth of coconut trees in their lifetime? Coconut trees are suitable for growing in the tropics.
Adapt to the environment and environmental requirements
1. temperature: the requirement of temperature is the limiting factor affecting the distribution range and yield of coconut. Coconut can blossom and bear fruit normally in areas with annual average temperature of 24-25℃, small temperature difference and frost-free all year round. The ideal annual average temperature is 26-27℃, the monthly average minimum temperature is not lower than 20℃, and the temperature difference is not more than 5-7℃. Coconut grows luxuriantly, develops normally and has high yield. In tropical marginal areas, coconuts can tolerate occasional low temperature, and the extreme low temperature reaches 0℃ in a short time, but the growth and development of fruits are affected to some extent.
2. Moisture content: annual rainfall 1300-2300mm, evenly distributed, suitable for coconut production. The soil is well drained, and the rainfall is as high as 3800 mm. In areas that can be irrigated, the annual rainfall of 600-800 mm can also adapt, and severe drought will affect coconut production.
3. Humidity: It is generally believed that 80-90% humidity is suitable for coconut growth, and less than 60% will affect the growth.
4. Wind: Coconut in tropical crops has strong wind resistance, and normal wind force of 3-4 is beneficial to transpiration and pollination of coconut leaves; Coconut has little effect during tropical storms of magnitude 7-8; 9- 10 strong tropical storm, a small amount of coconuts were blown off and leaves were blown off; However, typhoon 1 1- 12 blew down a large number of coconuts, which seriously affected coconut production.
5. Illumination: Coconut is a crop with strong sunlight, which needs 2000 hours of illumination every year, with an average of 1.20 hours per month. Below this level, the growth and development of coconut will be affected.
6. Altitude: Generally speaking, coconuts are suitable for planting in low latitude and low altitude areas. Coconuts are generally distributed in coastal low-altitude areas, and are most suitable for planting in areas with an altitude of 100~200 meters.
7. Soil: Coconut can grow in various soils with pH value of 5 ~ 8, and loam or sandy soil with good drainage, deep soil layer and rich humus is the best, such as impact soil and sandy loam.
Yellow-skinned deciduous or evergreen deciduous?
Phellodendron amurense (Phellodendron amurense), a national second-class protected wild plant (approved by the State Council on August 4th 1999), belongs to Phellodendron amurense, a fast-growing tree species, which is relatively tolerant to shade and cold. It should be planted in wet places on hillsides and valleys. There are quite a few plants in Hubei and Sichuan. Produced in Hubei, northwestern Hunan and eastern Sichuan. Born in a mixed forest above 900 meters above sea level.