The Chinese name of this plant is Potentilla sericea, also known as Wisteria, which belongs to the genus Wisteria in Leguminosae.

Second, the name and category

Wisteria is a plant of Potentilla in Rosaceae. Stem left-handed; Leaflets papery, ovoid or ovate-lanceolate, stipules with prickles; The pedicel is thin, the corolla is purple, and there are two columnar fat pillows at the base; Ovary densely velvety; The seeds are brown, oblate and shiny. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is May-August.

Third, the morphological characteristics

Deciduous vines have left-handed stems, thick branches, white shoots and bald back; Winter buds are oval.

Odd pinnate compound leaf length 15-25 cm; Stipules linear, caducous; 3-6 pairs of leaflets, papery, oval to ovate-lanceolate, with larger upper leaflets, the smallest base 1, 5-8 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, tapering from the top to the tail tip, obtuse or wedge-shaped at the base, or oblique, with both sides of tender leaves being flat and bare at the back; Petiole 3-4 mm long, pilose; Stipules spiny, 4-5 mm long, persistent. ?

Racemes originated from axillary buds or terminal buds planted with annual short branches, with a length of 15-30 cm and a diameter of 8- 10 cm, and the inflorescence axis is white; Bracts lanceolate, caducous; The flowers are 2-2.5 cm long and fragrant; Pedicel thin, 2-3 cm long; Calyx cup-shaped, 5-6 mm long, 7-8 mm wide, densely sericeous, upper 2 teeth obtuse, lower 3 teeth ovoid triangle; Corolla filiform, upper 2 teeth obtuse, lower 3 teeth ovate triangle; The corolla is purple, the flag petal is round, the apex is slightly concave, and after flowering, there are two calluses at the base, the base of the wing petal is long and round, the keel petal is shorter than the wing petal, and it is broadly sickle-shaped. The ovary is linear, densely villous, and the style is hairless, upturned and has 6-8 ovules.

Fourth, the growth environment

Wisteria is a warm temperate plant, mainly distributed in Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, North China and the south of the Yangtze River. Wisteria has strong adaptability to climate and soil. It is cold-resistant, water-resistant, moisture-resistant, barren soil, and it likes light and shade. It is most suitable for cultivation in sunny and leeward places. Wisteria grows fast, has a long life and strong winding ability, and has strangulation effect on other plants.

Cultivation methods and techniques of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

1 soil and transplantation

Wisteria is a kind of plant with strong roots. There are few lateral roots, and there is no choice for soil. However, moist, fertile and well-drained soil is the most suitable, and it is easy to rot roots if the humidity is too high. When transplanting and planting, we should dig as many lateral roots as possible and bring soil balls. Transplanting is more than in early spring. Before transplanting, scaffolding should be set up, and thick branches should be tied to the scaffolding respectively, so that they can climb up along the scaffolding. ?

Because wisteria has a long life and thick branches and luxuriant leaves, the framing materials must be durable. When thin wooden columns or steel pipes are used for support, they should be painted for corrosion protection, and cement frames or stone columns can also be used as support. When young wisteria trees were first planted, the branches could not form flower buds in those years, and peanut bud would plant them later. If it doesn't bloom after several years of planting, the reason may be that the tree grows too vigorously and has too many branches and leaves, or it is weak and difficult to accumulate nutrients. When the vegetative growth is too strong, measures such as partial root cutting and thinning branches and leaves can be taken. When the tree is weak, it should be fertilized to supplement nutrition and promote flowering. In the process of wisteria cultivation, organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, plant ash, etc. Generally applied in planting holes, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are generally applied 2-3 times in the growth period to promote flowering.

2 pruning

Wisteria is a vine, which usually climbs on scaffolding or other supports. If the cultivation measures such as tie rod support, vine twisting, pruning and shaping are adopted, wisteria with various shapes can be cultivated, which is full of fun. The pruning of wisteria is particularly important, and the pruning time should be carried out during the dormant period. When pruning, the branches are evenly distributed by removing secrets and keeping sparse and manual traction. After flowering, you can leave 5-6 buds in the middle branch and cut off the weak branches. Cutting off the weak branches before can promote the formation of flower buds in the coming year.

Six, the main value

1 medicinal

Wisteria can extract aromatic oil, which has the functions of detoxification, antiemesis and antidiarrheal. Wisteria bark has the functions of killing insects, relieving pain, expelling wind and dredging collaterals. "Materia Medica" contains: "Wisteria, the child is the horn, in which the benevolence makes the fragrance, the wine is unbeaten, and the loser uses it correctly. Purple flowers born in April are lovely, and people also plant them. Jiangdong is called Brother Zhao Dou Teng, and the tree is full of branches and covered with skin from the heart. "

Edible

Zhu Zan, the king of Zhou Dynasty in Ming Dynasty, called wisteria "rattan cauliflower" in "Herbal Medicine for Disasters", which was a life-saving dish in times of disaster. In the areas of Henan, Shandong and Hebei in China, people often steam food with wisteria. "Purple radish cake" in Beijing and "wisteria cake", "wisteria porridge", "fried wisteria fish", "cold kudzuvine flower" and "fried kudzuvine flower" in some places are all made by adding wisteria. ?

3 greening

Wisteria has a long life and is suitable as a greening material for scaffolding, porches, dead trees, rocks and walls. It can also be pruned into shrubs, planted on lawns, streams and rocks, and can also be used for potted plants. Wisteria is a flowering shade vine. In early summer, purple spikes hang down, flowers are fragrant with leaves, and in summer, thick leaves are full of shelves, which are generally used in garden scaffolding, lakes, pools, rockeries, stone workshops and so on. Wisteria has strong resistance to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and has adsorption ability to dust in the air. The flower language of wisteria is: deep yearning, persistent waiting.

3. 1 Vertical greening: The vertical greening on the overpass can change the three-dimensional image of the overpass and add a beautiful scenery to the beauty of the city by making use of the characteristics of wisteria racemes hanging 20-30 cm, dense and eye-catching, and blue-purple to lavender. Exposed rocks or steep slopes can be covered with wisteria greening.

3.2 Frame greening: arches, promenades, scaffolding, etc. The winding and climbing characteristics of wisteria can be used to build buildings of various shapes. In order to make it a landscape as soon as possible, we can plant larger seedlings around the shape and complete the landscape in two years.

3.3 Bonsai material: Wisteria stems can be bent at will, twisted at will according to the owner's wishes, and made into various bonsai with colorful flowering period.

3.4 Roof greening: Using the characteristics that wisteria stems are soft and can swing with the wind, planting wisteria on the roof can form a green barrier, and the flowering scenery is more pleasant.

Seven, plant culture

China has a long history of planting wisteria. Before the Republic of China, many official residences and private gardens in Beijing planted wisteria to beautify their courtyards, and many of them were well known. For example, in front of the "Wuyu Bookstore" of Yu Minzhong, a university student and military minister and calligrapher of Wenhua Temple in Qing Dynasty, wisteria smells fragrant; In front of the "Qingqin Hall", Liang, a college student in Qingdongge, wisteria flourished and occupied the glory of all things; Zhu Yizun, a poet and bibliophile in the Qing Dynasty, is fascinated by the vines of Gu Teng Bookstore. In the courtyard of Zhou Qiwei, a famous scholar and poet in the early Qing Dynasty, wisteria was hard and scaly. Many wisteria in Beijing have a history of hundreds of years. There is a place called wisteria in Shanghai, named after a wisteria planted in the Ming Dynasty. It is said that Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty rested here when he went down to the south of the Yangtze River. In Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, there is also a wisteria tree with a history of more than 600 years. According to historical records, wisteria originated in the Western Regions, with thick stems and fragrant flowers. Hu people regarded it as a sacred object and tried their best to control it from flowing into China. Qian's mission to the Western Regions lasted for thousands of years in China.

Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a five-character quatrain "Meeting in Brawly": "Wisteria hangs a cloud tree, and flowers are suitable for spring. Dense leaves hide singing birds, and fragrant winds keep beautiful people. "

The flower language of wisteria is: deep yearning, persistent waiting.