First, the new tip picks the heart.
In summer, when the new shoots of peach trees grow to 30-50 cm, the core is removed for the first time, and the tops are picked in the right direction, position and angle above the appropriate auxiliary buds to control the growth of peripheral extension branches. Long branches valuable to crown space should be cored as early as possible, or cut short at branches with large angles, so that they grow obliquely from upright to form good fruiting branches and achieve the goal of stable production.
Second, remove long branches by opening angle.
For the main branches and lateral branches with vigorous growth and small branching angle, before they are completely lignified, the methods of hanging, pulling and supporting are adopted, so that the angles are even, the crown is open, the growth is moderate, the fruiting ability is improved, and the tree body's ability to resist pests and diseases is enhanced. Cut off the clusters of honey branches in time during the shooting period. Cut off the weak dense branches, overgrown branches, diseased branches and bitter branches that affect the ventilation and light transmission of the crown, save nutrients, improve light, enhance the ability of picking bamboo shoots and bearing fruit of inner cavity branches, promote fruit coloring and ripening, increase sugar content, improve fruit quality, enhance the disease resistance of trees and delay aging. Extend the fruiting period and increase economic benefits.
Third, take the branches on time and twist them correctly.
In the summer growth period, the erect semi-lignified overground branches are slowly bent from the base to the top for 2-3 times by hand, or the base of the branch tip is twisted by 19- 180 degrees to make it droop or level, so as to slow down the growth of trees, promote the formation of flower buds, increase the fruiting branches and expand the fruiting surface, and achieve the purpose of stable and high yield.
4. Bud smearing and positioning
Bud wiping and positioning is also called bud breaking. When the leaves of peach trees germinate and shoot out shoots 3-5 cm long, you can wipe off the shoots with abnormal growth and too many buds by hand in time. Bud wiping is an important operation for grafting newly planted young trees and renewing old trees. It is better to wipe the bud sooner than later. Too late is not only difficult to erase, but also easy to leave scars, which will lead to gummosis, increase the cost of prevention and control, and affect the quality of fruits.
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In addition to grasping the general fertilization principles of fruit trees, peach trees should pay more attention to the combination of fertilization and soil improvement because of their shallow roots and good ventilation. In addition, peach orchards are generally not suitable for pasture cultivation, and creeping varieties should be selected for planting green manure between rows, and grass should be mowed several times in time to avoid competing with peach trees for fertilizer. Peach trees are widely distributed, and there are some differences in the demand for fertilizer among early, middle and late maturity varieties. Early-maturing varieties need less fertilizer, while late-maturing varieties need more fertilizer. Generally, every 1000 kg of fruit (white peach) needs n) 4.8 kg of nitrogen, 2.0 kg of phosphorus and 7.6 kg of potassium, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is roughly 65,438+. But the growth of peach trees needs a larger proportion of potassium. According to the investigation, the 1 8-year-old white phoenix peach tree absorbed potassium 1 4.28kg, nitrogen 8.94 kg and phosphorus 3.67 kg in the1year cycle. Potassium deficiency often leads to weak branches, light and small leaves with upward curl, reddish brown and brown leaves, sometimes grass yellow spots on the leaves, early defoliation, many physiological fruit drops, early fruit ripening and easy rot at the top. Among deciduous fruit trees, peach trees are sensitive to medium and trace elements, especially iron deficiency. Iron deficiency in peach trees first turns green, pale yellow or even white on young leaves, and the veins turn green at the same time. When the veins turn green, they are often accompanied by patchy necrosis on the leaf margin and leaves, and serious iron deficiency will cause the new shoots to dry up. In alkaline soil with high calcium content, it is easy to cause peach tree leaves to lose green after water accumulation. Therefore, Taoyuan must avoid stagnant water. The accumulated water in Taoyuan should be drained as soon as possible, and then the soil should be shallowly turned to increase the air permeability of the soil. When the soil is deficient in manganese, the leaves of peach trees will turn green and yellow, but unlike iron deficiency, the leaves will turn yellow, but the mesophyll around the veins remains green and the veins are clear. When manganese is seriously deficient, dark brown spots will appear on the leaves. Manganese has the problem of deficiency and may also have the problem of poisoning. Peach trees may be poisoned by manganese in acidic soil or long-term flooded soil in southern China. Different from manganese deficiency, focal spots appear at the edge and tip of old leaves when manganese is poisoned, and gradually expand, and there will be no loss of green. In addition, the lobules caused by zinc deficiency and the brown area near the fruit core and the cracking along the fruit seam caused by boron deficiency are also nutritional diseases of peach trees. Release date: September 26th, 2002 Source: Editorial Center, Institute of Information, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
The scientific name is Peach.
Prunus of Rosaceae
Small deciduous trees with morphological habits, up to 8 meters high, reddish-brown or brownish-green branchlets, glabrous. Buds densely covered with gray tomentose. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 7 ~ 15 cm long. Flowers solitary, about 3 cm in diameter, pink. The fruit is nearly spherical, 5 ~ 7 cm in diameter, and the surface is densely covered with fluff. Flowering period is from March to April, the first leaf opens, and the fruit matures from June to September. Like light, drought, fertile and well-drained soil, not resistant to water and humidity. In summer, it likes high temperature and has certain cold tolerance, and can be cultivated except in extremely cold areas.
Grafting is the main method of propagation and cultivation, and cutting or shield bud grafting is often used everywhere. The rhizome is mostly northern mountain peach and southern peach. In addition, it can also be propagated by sowing and layering. When peach trees are planted as fruit trees, the spacing between trees is 3 ~ 5 m, and pruning can be heavier, mostly cup-shaped; The cultivation of ornamental varieties can be sparse and dense, and the pruning should be light. When planting, it is planted in autumn in the south and in spring in the north.
Resources are distributed in China, and there are still wild peach trees in the mountainous areas of North China, Central China and Southwest China.
Garden peach is a famous fruit, and peach trees and their varieties have strong ornamental value. Peach blossom is full of fragrance, which was described by the ancients in China as "peach flies away and burns its splendor". In the garden, the scenery of "peach red and willow green" formed by planting peach willows on the seashore is even more famous in the world.
Respondent: cyxgy | Level 1 | May 20, 2006 at 20: 39
The scientific name is Peach.
Prunus of Rosaceae
Small deciduous trees with morphological habits, up to 8 meters high, reddish-brown or brownish-green branchlets, glabrous. Buds densely covered with gray tomentose. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 7 ~ 15 cm long. Flowers solitary, about 3 cm in diameter, pink. The fruit is nearly spherical, 5 ~ 7 cm in diameter, and the surface is densely covered with fluff. Flowering period is from March to April, the first leaf opens, and the fruit matures from June to September. Like light, drought, fertile and well-drained soil, not resistant to water and humidity. In summer, it likes high temperature and has certain cold tolerance, and can be cultivated except in extremely cold areas.
Grafting is the main method of propagation and cultivation, and cutting or shield bud grafting is often used everywhere. The rhizome is mostly northern mountain peach and southern peach. In addition, it can also be propagated by sowing and layering. When peach trees are planted as fruit trees, the spacing between trees is 3 ~ 5 m, and pruning can be heavier, mostly cup-shaped; The cultivation of ornamental varieties can be sparse and dense, and the pruning should be light. When planting, it is planted in autumn in the south and in spring in the north.
Resources are distributed in China, and there are still wild peach trees in the mountainous areas of North China, Central China and Southwest China.
Garden peach is a famous fruit, and peach trees and their varieties have strong ornamental value. Peach blossom is full of fragrance, which was described by the ancients in China as "peach flies away and burns its splendor". In the garden, the scenery of "peach red and willow green" formed by planting peach willows on the seashore is even more famous in the world.
Peach tree, which originated in China, spread to all parts of the world through the "Silk Road" and ranked as one of the "three major fruit trees" in the world along with apples and pears. Peach trees are widely planted in the north and south of China, which are ordinary and unremarkable, but in ancient times, people in China had a special liking for them. It is deeply embedded in folk festivals, religious rituals, culture and medicine, thus forming a unique "peach culture" in the development of ancient China.
In ancient times, peach trees were regarded as "immortal trees" and were thought to be able to exorcise evil spirits and control ghosts. This originated from the legend that "Yi died in peach" in Huainanzi. Yi was a good archer in ancient times. One of his apprentices is Feng Meng. Because he was jealous of the teacher's superb skills, he took advantage of it and killed him with a peach stick prepared in advance. Yi did a lot of good things for the people before his death, and the people have long honored him as "the God of Zongbu". The duty of Zongbu God is to rule the ghosts in the world so that they dare not do anything wrong. Since peach sticks can kill the first of all ghosts, other older children should be more afraid of peach trees. As a result, mahogany became a symbol of creating ghosts and exorcising evil spirits, and various musical instruments made of mahogany came into being. For example, The Book of Rites. "Tan Gong" contains: "You mourn, Wu Zhutao holds the position, and ghosts are evil." Tao Lie is a kind of broom with mahogany handle, which is thought to sweep away ominous signs. "Zuo Zhuan" also has a "peach arc arrow to eliminate disasters", that is, a bow made of peach wood can eliminate disasters and avoid disasters. ......