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3. Installation of tower crane
3. 1 Installation unit conditions of tower crane
3. 1. 1 The tower crane installation unit must have the professional contracting qualification for hoisting equipment installation engineering issued by the construction administrative department and the safety production license of the construction enterprise. Tower crane installation units must be engaged in the installation of tower cranes within the scope of their qualifications.
3. 1.2 The installation unit of tower crane shall have professional technicians in addition to the professional technicians specified in the qualification grade standard, and also professional operators suitable for the project undertaken. The main person in charge, project manager and full-time safety production management personnel shall hold a certificate of safety production assessment. Tower crane installer, electrician, driver, signalman, etc. Have the qualification certificate of special operation in construction.
3. 1.3 The construction unit shall sign a professional contract for installation engineering with the installation unit, so as to clarify the safety production responsibilities of both parties. The implementation of the general construction contract shall be signed by the general construction contractor and the installation unit.
3.2 Installation conditions of tower crane
3.2. 1 Tower crane should have special equipment manufacturing license, product certificate and manufacturing supervision and inspection certificate, and tower crane made abroad should have product certificate, which has been registered in the construction administrative department.
3.2.2 The structure of the tower crane is complete, which conforms to the provisions of GB5 144 Safety Regulations for Tower Cranes.
3.2.3 Tower crane shall not be used under any of the following circumstances:
The state explicitly eliminated; Exceeding the prescribed service life and failing to pass the examination; Safety devices and safety facilities do not meet the national and industrial safety technical standards; There is no complete safety technical file.
3.2.4 Before the tower crane is installed, it must be maintained and comprehensively checked for safety. Structural members with obvious cracks, serious corrosion, whole or local deformation, and connecting shafts (pins) and holes with serious wear and deformation shall be repaired or replaced before installation to make them meet the requirements.
3.2.5 The foundation of the tower crane shall meet the requirements of the instruction manual, and the bearing capacity of the foundation must meet the design requirements of the tower crane. Before installation, the foundation should be concealed engineering acceptance, qualified rear can install. Slope and drainage facilities should be built around the foundation.
3.2.6 The track foundation and track laying of walking tower crane shall be carried out according to the requirements of the instruction manual and shall comply with the provisions of GB5 144.
3.3 Preparation of special construction scheme for tower crane installation
3.3. 1 Before tower crane installation, the installation unit shall prepare a special construction plan for tower crane installation to guide the operators in installation. The special construction plan shall be approved by the technical person in charge of the enterprise and submitted to the construction (general contracting) unit and supervision unit for review.
3.3.2 The special construction scheme for tower crane installation shall be compiled according to the requirements of the instruction manual of tower crane and the actual situation of the construction site. And comply with relevant laws and regulations.
3.3.3 The contents of the special installation plan for tower crane shall include:
1) project overview;
2) Plan and elevation of installation location;
3) Setting, installation sequence and quality requirements of foundations and accessories;
4) Weight and lifting point position of main installation parts;
5) Model, performance and location arrangement of installation auxiliary equipment;
6) setting of power supply;
7) Construction personnel allocation;
8) Equipped with slings and special tools;
9) Major hazard sources and safety technical measures;
10) emergency plan, etc.
3.3.4 Location selection principle of tower crane
Meet the requirements of construction and operation instructions, the site is flat and firm, easy to install and disassemble, and the tower crane can rotate freely when it is not working, with minimal impact on other surrounding buildings.
3.3.5 Design of Tower Crane Foundation
3.3.5. 1 The design and manufacture of tower crane foundation shall give priority to the methods recommended in the instruction manual of tower crane. The bearing capacity of foundation shall be confirmed by the construction (general contracting) unit.
Foundation Type of 3.3.5.2 Tower Crane
1) Fixed concrete foundation
2) Concrete foundation of bearing platform
3) Concrete foundation of lattice column bearing platform
See appendix a for the design and calculation method of 3.3.5.3 tower crane foundation.
3.3.6 Design of accessory devices
3.3.6. 1 The attachment device of tower crane shall be in the form specified in the manual, meeting the requirements of attachment height, vertical spacing, horizontal spacing and free end height.
In 3.3.6.2, when the distance, type or vertical distance of the horizontal arrangement of the attachment device does not conform to the instruction manual, the design and calculation should be carried out according to the attachment load parameters provided in the instruction manual, drawings should be drawn and relevant instructions should be prepared, which should be confirmed in writing by the original design unit or reviewed by experts.
The load at the attachment point in 3.3.6.3 is provided to the construction (general contracting) unit in written form.
See Appendix B for the design and calculation of 3.3.6.4 attachment device.
3.3.7 Foundation embedded parts, accessory connectors and embedded parts shall be manufactured by original manufacturers or enterprises with corresponding capabilities.
3.4 Installation of Tower Crane
3.4. 1 Before installation, the following items shall be checked:
Foundation location, size, concealed engineering acceptance sheet, concrete strength report and other related information; Confirm that the foundation, foundation durability and embedded parts of the installed tower crane and auxiliary equipment meet the requirements of the special scheme; Foundation drainage measures; Safety measures and warning signs, lighting, etc. In the operation area.
3.4.2 Implementation of installation work
3.4.2. 1 Before installation, the construction and safety technical disclosure shall be made to the disassembly operator according to the requirements of the installation plan and the instruction manual. Ensure that each stevedore is clear about the operation items, positions, contents and requirements he is engaged in, as well as major dangers and corresponding safety technical measures, and sign the disclosure. Full-time safety supervisor shall supervise the whole disclosure process.
3.4.2.2 construction (general contracting) units and supervision units shall perform the following duties:
1) Review the special equipment manufacturing license, product certificate, manufacturing supervision and inspection certificate, filing and registration certificate and other documents of tower crane;
2) Review the qualification certificates of special operations personnel;
3) Review the special scheme and disclosure records;
4) Supervise and inspect the installation work, and ask for rectification in time if any hidden trouble is found.
3.4.2.3 auxiliary equipment in place, before the implementation of operation, to deal with its mechanical performance and safety performance acceptance. It can only be put into operation after it is qualified.
3.4.2.4 should check the hoisting equipment such as wire rope, clasp, hook and auxiliary support according to the scheme and relevant regulations, and use them only after they are qualified. See appendix c for the intact requirements of lifting equipment.
Workers entering the site of 3.4.2.5 must wear protective equipment such as safety helmet, non-slip shoes and safety belt. Irrelevant personnel are prohibited from entering the operation area.
3.4.2.6 installation and disassembly operations should be unified command, clear command signal. When the line of sight is blocked and the distance is too far, it is difficult to transmit the command signal, so effective measures such as walkie-talkie or multi-level command should be adopted for command.
In 3.4.2.7, no one can stand under the lifting objects.
3.4.2.8 coupling parts and their safety locking parts must comply with the provisions of the instruction manual, and substitution is strictly prohibited. For connecting bolts with pre-tightening force requirements, a torque wrench or special tool must be used to accurately tighten the bolts to the specified torque value according to the tightening sequence specified in the manual.
The jack-up system of 3.4.2.9 jack-up tower crane should be inspected before each lifting (climbing) or lowering. Make sure it is in good condition before use. When connecting the joint, confirm the position of the connecting device and the strength of the supporting point, and follow the principle of installing the connecting device first and then jacking the joint. The free height of the tower crane shall meet the requirements of the instruction manual.
3.4.2. 10 shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the special plan and shall not be changed without authorization.
3.4.2. 1 1 When it is raining, foggy and the wind speed exceeds 13m/s, the installation operation shall be stopped.
3.4.2. 12 In the installation process, if the operation cannot be continued due to unexpected circumstances, the installed parts must be stabilized and firmly fixed, and the operation can be stopped only after inspection and confirmation that there are no hidden dangers.
3.4.2. 13 The safety device of tower crane must be complete and reliable.
3.4.2. 14 The installation of electrical equipment shall be carried out in accordance with the electrical schematic diagram and wiring diagram provided by the manufacturer, and the power supply lines used in the installation shall meet the requirements of JGJ46 Technical Specification for Temporary Electricity Use in Construction Sites.
3.4.2. 15 technical standards for tower crane installation shall be implemented in accordance with the column of technical requirements in appendix d.
3.4.3 After the installation is completed, all temporary facilities for tower crane installation shall be dismantled, and all kinds of spare parts and sundries used in construction site operations, such as slings, tools and auxiliary appliances, shall be cleaned up.
3.5 Self-inspection and acceptance of tower crane installation
3.5. 1 After the crane is installed, the installation unit shall conduct self-inspection on the installation quality and fill in the self-inspection report. See appendix d for self-inspection items.
3.5.2 After the installation unit has passed the self-inspection, it shall entrust an inspection and testing unit with corresponding qualifications for testing. The inspection and testing unit shall inspect and judge the installation quality according to relevant specifications and standards, and issue a test report after inspection.
3.5.3 The installation self-inspection and test report shall be recorded in the equipment file.
3.5.4 After the self-inspection and testing are qualified, the construction (general contracting) unit shall organize the installation unit, the user unit and the supervision unit to carry out acceptance, and it can only be used after it is qualified.
4 the use of tower crane
4. 1 Safety technical disclosure of tower crane before use
Before the tower crane is used, the mechanical management personnel should make safety technical disclosure to drivers, signalmen and other special operators, and the safety technical disclosure should be targeted.
4.2 Requirements for staggered operation of multiple tower cranes
When multiple tower cranes are used alternately, a special use plan should be prepared, which should include the initial installation height, lifting height and lifting sequence of each tower crane, and anti-collision safety measures should be taken to avoid mutual interference.
4.3 Requirements for Tower Crane Operators
4.3. 1 The relevant conditions of tower crane drivers, bell men and other special operators shall meet the requirements of JG/T 100. It is strictly forbidden to work without a license.
4.3.2 Tower crane shall be equipped with bell man, and it is forbidden to operate without signal. Multi-level command and effective communication should be set up for lifting objects from a distance or lifting objects that cannot be seen directly.
4.4 Operation and use of tower crane
4.4. 1 tower crane operation should strictly implement the following provisions:
1) Inclined crane does not lift.
2) Overload is not lifted
3) If the bulk material is too full or the binding is not firm, do not lift it.
4) Don't hang up if the command signal is unknown.
5) Do not lift objects with sharp edges without protective measures.
6) People should not hang on the hanger.
7) Buried components are not hoisted.
8) Failure of safety device is not suspended.
9) If the light is dim, it is not clear that the object has not been hoisted.
10) Strong winds above level 6 are not suspended.
4.4.2 Safety protection devices such as torque limiter, lifting limiter, amplitude limiter, walking limiter and hook height limiter of tower crane must be complete, sensitive and reliable, and shall not be adjusted or removed at will. It is forbidden to replace the control mechanism with a limit device.
4.4.3 When the tower crane is used, it is forbidden for anyone to stay under the boom and hanging objects. Operators should honk their horns before turning, luffing, walking and lifting. When lifting heavy objects, it is forbidden to pass above people. It is forbidden to use tower cranes to carry people.
4.4.4 It is forbidden to lift heavy objects and hang them in the air for a long time. In case of sudden failure during operation, measures should be taken to land the heavy objects in a safe place.
4.4.5 When multiple tower cranes are used alternately, they shall be implemented in strict accordance with the special use plan to ensure a safe working distance. The safe distance between the heavy objects suspended on the hook should not be less than 5m, and the vertical distance between the hook, counterweight and other parts of the high crane and the tower cap, tie rod and boom of the low crane should not be less than 2m under any circumstances.
4.4.6 When the tower crane is working in rain or rain and snow, it should be tried to hoist, and it can only be operated after the brake is sensitive and reliable. In case of severe weather such as gale or rainstorm, heavy snow and fog, the operation should be stopped. There should be sufficient lighting for construction at night, and the lighting should meet the requirements of JGJ46 Technical Specification for Safety of Temporary Electricity Use in Construction Sites.
4.4.7 When the lifting load reaches 90% or more of the rated lifting weight of the tower crane, the lifting should be stopped after the heavy object is lifted 20 ~ 50 cm from the ground, and the mechanical condition, braking performance and object binding should be checked before lifting. For heavy objects that may shake, a sliding rope must be tied to stabilize them.
4.4.8 When lifting heavy objects, the binding shall be stable and firm, and scattered objects shall not be stacked or hung on the heavy objects. Sporadic materials and objects must be tied firmly with hanging cages or wire ropes before lifting. Objects marked with binding position or mark shall be bound according to the marked position. The included angle between the binding wire rope and the object shall not be less than 30.
4.4.9 After the operation is completed, loosen the rotary brake, put all components in a non-working state, set the control switch to zero, and cut off the main power supply.
4.4. 10 When the walking tower crane stops working, the rail clamp should be locked.
4.4. 1 1 The safe distance between tower crane and overhead transmission line shall comply with the provisions of GB5 144 Safety Regulations for Tower Crane.
4.5 Inspection, Maintenance and Repair of Tower Crane
4.5. 1 Routine maintenance should be done for tower cranes before shift, and records should be made. The main contents include:
Structural appearance, safety device, transmission mechanism, connector, brake, liquid level, oil level, oil pressure, rigging, fixture, hook, pulley, wire rope, power supply and voltage.
4.5.2 For the equipment running in multiple shifts, the handover system shall be implemented and the handover records shall be filled in carefully. The operation can only be started after the succession driver has checked and confirmed.
4.5.3 Do a good job in the maintenance of tower cranes at all levels. During the transition period, the transition maintenance should be done well and recorded.
4.5.4 The main components and safety devices of tower crane shall be inspected regularly at least once a month.
4.5.5. When the service life of the tower crane exceeds one year, a comprehensive inspection shall be conducted.
4.5.6 When the tower crane fails, it shall be reported for repair in time, and the work shall be stopped during maintenance.
4.6 Archives management
Technical files should be established for tower cranes. Technical files shall include the following contents: purchase and sale contracts, operating instructions, special equipment manufacturing licenses, acceptance certificates, product certificates, manufacturing supervision and inspection certificates, filing certificates, installation technical documents, inspection reports, periodic self-inspection records, regular maintenance records, maintenance and technical transformation records, operation failures and production safety accidents records, and cumulative operation records.
5. Disassembly of tower crane
5. 1 conditions for dismantling unit of tower crane
The dismantling unit of tower crane shall meet the requirements of Article 3. 1 of this regulation.
5.2 Preparation of Special Disassembly Scheme for Tower Crane
5.2. 1 The compilation requirements of the special construction scheme for demolition shall meet the requirements of 3.3. 1 of this regulation; According to the provisions of Article 3.3.2.
5.2.2 The contents of the special demolition plan:
1) project overview;
2) Tower crane position plan and elevation;
3) Disassembly sequence;
4) Component weight and lifting point position;
5) Model, performance and location arrangement of disassembly auxiliary equipment;
6) setting of power supply;
7) Construction personnel allocation;
8) Equipped with slings and special tools;
9) Major hazard sources and safety technical measures;
10) emergency plan, etc.
5.2.3 Demolition of tower crane shall be completed continuously. Under special circumstances, when the demolition operation cannot be completed continuously, the state of the tower crane and the safety protection measures taken when the interruption is allowed should be clearly defined.
5.2.4 If the tower crane is attached, the disassembly sequence, method and safety technical measures of the attachment device should be made clear to ensure that the height of the free end of the tower crane always meets the requirements of the manual.
5.2.5 If the disassembly auxiliary equipment cannot be set on the ground, its setting position, anchorage mode and bearing capacity shall be designed and checked.
5.3 tower crane disassembly operation
Check the following items before disassembly:
Main structural parts and connectors, electrical system, lifting mechanism, slewing mechanism, jack-up mechanism, safety measures and warning signs in the working area, lighting, etc. If problems are found, they should be repaired in time before disassembly.
5.3.2 Implementation of Demolition Operation
5.3.2. 1 Dismantling operation shall comply with the requirements of Articles 3.4.2.1~ 3.4.2.7 and 3.4.2. 1 ~ 3.4.2. 13 of this specification.
5.3.2.2 jack-up tower crane should check jack-up system, attachment connection, etc. Before each descent, make sure that it is in good condition before descending. When lowering the joint, the principle of lowering the joint first and then removing the connecting device should be followed. The height of the free end of the tower crane always meets the requirements of the instruction manual.
5.3.3 After dismantling, all temporary facilities photographed for tower crane dismantling operation shall be dismantled, and all kinds of spare parts and sundries used in site operation, such as slings and tools, shall be cleaned up.