Collagen is an extracellular protein, a fibrous protein with three twisted peptide chains. Collagen is the most abundant protein in human body, accounting for more than 30% of the total in protein. Collagen is rich in glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and other amino acids needed by human body. Collagen is the most important component of extracellular matrix. An adult's body contains about 3 kilograms of collagen, which mainly exists in human skin, bones, eyes, teeth, tendons, internal organs (including heart, stomach, intestines, blood vessels) and other parts. Its function is to maintain the shape and structure of skin and tissues and organs, and it is also an important raw material for repairing damaged tissues. In human skin, 70% is composed of collagen. When collagen is insufficient, not only skin and bones will have problems, but also internal organs will have adverse effects. In other words, collagen is an indispensable component to maintain normal activities of the body. At the same time, it is also a substance to keep the body young and prevent aging. In addition, collagen can also prevent diseases and improve physical fitness, which is very helpful for beauty and health. Collagen is gradually entering the field of beauty care. Collagen is one of the main components of human tissue structure, and it is also the most abundant protein in human body, accounting for about 25-33% of the total protein, equivalent to 6% of human body weight. It is the main component to maintain the shape and structure of skin and tissues and organs, such as skin, bone, cartilage, ligament, cornea, various intima and fascia. As shown in the following figure, when the collagen in the dermis (the yellow part below) is oxidized and broken, the supporting effect on the epidermis disappears, resulting in uneven collapse and wrinkles. Formation mechanism of collagen and crow's feet: SurgiAid hemostatic tablets have great potential as artificial skin or wound dressing. This product is mainly used for surgical hemostasis. Collagen can coagulate blood and has the function of coagulation. It is mainly based on the fact that collagen can closely combine with the wound, penetrate into new tissues and act as a scaffold for cell growth. Because spongy collagen can absorb cerebrospinal fluid and separate brain from brain tissue without causing serious inflammation, it can also be used as a substitute for damaged meninges. Small needle collagen collagen backfill therapy is a clinically proven safe therapy, which can treat facial wrinkles, scars or facial skin defects. Collagen cosmetic injection has obvious correction effect on wrinkles, depressions and scars of human facial soft tissue, which can make the patient's face look brand-new. Collagen dressing is a kind of wound covering, which will interact with platelets and lead to coagulation. Collagen quick hemostatic bandage can stop arterial bleeding within 10 to 15 seconds, which is especially effective in first aid and treatment of physical trauma. At present, there is no effective method to stop bleeding except to pressurize the wound. It is expected that this product can enter the huge first-aid materials and military medical market. Colla-HA anti-adhesion sheet with anti-adhesion covering is used to prevent unnecessary tissue adhesion during wound healing, so as to speed up the postoperative recovery of patients. It can be used for patients undergoing abdominal surgery to prevent intestinal obstruction. It can also be used for gynecological patients to reduce tissue adhesion, relieve pelvic pain and reduce the occurrence of female infertility.
[Edit this paragraph] Collagen selection criteria
The molecular weight of standard I was confirmed by Beijing Oligopeptide Technology Research Institute. Collagen can only be absorbed by human body after it is decomposed into small peptides and amino acids (the average molecular weight is about 300 daltons, which is called D for short), and dipeptide and tripeptide can be absorbed directly without being degraded by gastrointestinal enzymes. The direct absorption rate of collagen with molecular weight below 300D can barely reach "1000%", while collagen with molecular weight above 1000D can only be absorbed after being degraded into small peptides, and its absorption rate depends on the ability of human digestive system, and its proportion is limited (the amount of collagen absorbed by stewed pig's feet depends on yourself, and the absorption rate of collagen with low molecular weight is generally higher. ) standard 2 food-grade cosmetics, the difference between food-grade and pharmaceutical-grade cosmetics lies in the content of heavy metals, hormones and antibiotics. Standard 3 does not add inferior products, but will add ingredients to cover up the odor. Adding hyaluronic acid and VC to collagen can promote absorption and stabilize components. For example, small peptide Tongyan granule, 300 dalton collagen small peptide, 800 dalton hyaluronic acid small sugar and VC can promote absorption each other.
[Edit this paragraph] Characteristics of high-quality collagen
1. It will sink quickly when poured into water, and will dissolve automatically without stirring. Collagen and collagen, by Jiang Ting, 2. You can clearly see the dissolution process of low molecular weight collagen, similar to volcanic eruption, spraying from bottom to top. 3. In just a few minutes, collagen is completely dissolved, and high-quality collagen has the most beautiful characteristics-golden colloid. 4. After dissolving, stir gently, and you can see the continuous filamentous collagen gently sliding in the water-water dance elf. 5. Normal people only have pure light collagen in their mouth, which is a bit like light bone fragrance. Pure crystal collagen has no additives and should not have other odors.
[Edit this paragraph] Structural characteristics of collagen
Collagen is the structural protein of extracellular matrix, and its molecules aggregate into supramolecular structure in extracellular matrix. The molecular weight is 300ku. The most common structural feature of collagen is triple helix structure. It consists of three A-chain polypeptides, and each collagen chain has a left-handed spiral configuration. Three left-handed spiral chains interweave to form a right-handed spiral structure, that is, the super-spiral structure closes the unique triple helix structure of collagen, which makes its molecular structure very stable, low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility. Structure determines performance, and performance determines use. The diversity and complexity of collagen structure determine its important position in many fields. Collagen products have a good application prospect. The reason why the human body can move freely is because of the structure of joints. Most joints not only provide human activities, but also protect bones from wear and tear through cartilage. In cartilage, 65% to 80% is composed of water, and others are glycoprotein, collagen and chondrocytes, which provide healthy nutrition and functional protection for cartilage. In fact, cartilage itself is a porous structure, collagen is a net sleeve formed by slender fibers, and glycoprotein is an elastic sphere filled with water. These components must be intact so that cartilage can bear gravity. If collagen is reduced, the connection between glycoprotein and collagen mesh will be relaxed, or the content of glycoprotein will be reduced, so that glycoprotein is no longer elastic, which will lead to accelerated wear of joints under stress. As the patient grows older, these substances will cause. Therefore, people with silver hair, menopausal women, people who exercise excessively, people with fractures or people who are prone to joint pain should be supplemented with foods rich in collagen.
[Edit this paragraph] Biological characteristics of collagen
Low immunogenicity
As a medical biomaterial, the most important feature of collagen is its low immunogenicity. Collagen has three kinds of antigen molecules, the first is the non-helical terminal peptide of collagen peptide chain, the second is the triple helix conformation of collagen, and the third is the amino acid sequence of the helix region of A chain. Among them, the second type of antigen factor only exists in natural collagen molecules, the third type only exists in denatured collagen, and the first type of antigen factor exists in both natural and denatured collagen.
bio-compatibility
Biocompatibility refers to the good interaction between collagen and host cells and tissues. Whether it is used as the skeleton of new tissue before being absorbed or assimilated into the host to become a part of the host, it has a good interaction with the matrix around the cell, showing the coordination of interaction and becoming an integral part of the normal physiological functions of cells and tissues.
biodegradability
Collagen can be degraded by specific proteases, that is, biodegradability. Because collagen has a tight and firm spiral structure, most proteases can only cut off its side chain, and only specific proteases can degrade collagen under specific conditions, and the peptide bond of collagen will be broken. Once the peptide bond of collagen is broken, its spiral structure is destroyed. The broken collagen polypeptide is completely hydrolyzed by protease.
[Edit this paragraph] Classification and existence of collagen
Collagen is a family of proteins. At present, at least 30 Colla 100 collagen II coding genes have been found. Collagen molecules above 16 can be formed. According to their distribution and functional characteristics in the body. At present, collagen is divided into interstitial collagen, basement membrane collagen and cell peripheral collagen, and interstitial collagen molecules account for most of the whole body collagen. Including collagen I, II and III molecules, mainly distributed in skin, tendons and other tissues, wherein collagen II is produced by chondrocytes (such as Colla 100 collagen II); Collagen in basement membrane usually refers to type ⅳ collagen, which is mainly distributed in basement membrane; Pericellular collagen usually refers to type V collagen. It is abundant in connective tissue.
[Edit this paragraph] Collagen elastic net
It's called "bone in bone". The types of soybean protein and the content and proportion of amino acids are very similar to the composition of human body. When collagen is fresh, collagen is like a net full of small holes on bones, which will firmly retain the calcium that will be lost. Very similar to protein, which constitutes deep skin, it can be quickly absorbed by skin, replenish collagen, dilute melanin and disintegrate wrinkles. Help to synthesize and repair damaged collagen, elastic fiber and polysaccharide, and then strengthen its structural modeling, vitality and cell density, enhance its water-locking ability, and help to synthesize collagen.