There are many kinds of plants in nature. What kind of specimens should we take? It depends on the purpose of use. Plant specimens can be divided into:
1. Full specimen: usually used to identify plants, scientific names and Chinese herbal medicines. This specimen is also used for vegetation investigation in a certain area. For example, investigate the plant resources of our school and Jixi. The vegetative organs such as roots, stems and leaves of higher plants are one of the basis for identifying plants, but they are often different due to different growth environments. Flowers and fruits have relatively stable heritability, which best reflects the inherent characteristics of plants and is an important basis for identifying and distinguishing plants. Therefore, when collecting, it is best to obtain complete specimens, that is, roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. The plant is exactly 37 cm from the root to the top of the stem, which is right on the standard table paper. Smaller is not a problem at all. If it is very high, attention must be paid to the integrity of the plant when collecting. Typical representative parts such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits can be collected. Herbs also have to dig underground. It can be seen from the root system whether it is annual or perennial. In addition to the rhizome, the underground part often contains deformed roots and stems, such as lily, Jerusalem artichoke, cabbage, Polygonatum sibiricum, Fritillaria, seven leaves and one flower. Woody plants should collect representative branches, that is, branches with flowers and fruits, complete leaves and good posture, but the collected specimens should represent the general situation of plants as much as possible, and the cut branches should be of moderate size, preferably with a small piece of bark. The shape and arrangement of sporangium, rhizome, scales and indumentum are important taxonomic characteristics of ferns, which should be paid attention to when collecting. Collect parasitic plants, such as Cuscuta chinensis and Taxilli. They should stay with their owners, and it is best not to separate them. The whole specimen is often made into wax leaf specimen and primary color impregnation specimen.
2. Anatomical specimen: The purpose of making is to observe and study the internal tissue structure of an organ of a plant. For example, dissect the bulb of onion and observe the structure of its basal plate, bud, bulb and fibrous root. Observe the lateral membrane placentation and seed placement position of melon in the cross section of cucumber; Cut the peach blossom vertically and observe the various parts and shapes of the flower. To collect such specimens, only one healthy and representative organ needs to be selected, and it is not necessary to collect the whole branch. Anatomical specimens are usually made into preservative impregnated specimens.
3. Phylogenetic specimens: The purpose of making is to observe and study the life history of plants, that is, the process from seed germination to growth, flowering and fruiting of a plant, which is often used in biology teaching, introduction, cultivation and scientific research. This kind of plant specimen must collect different growth and development stages of plants. For example, to sample the germination process of kidney beans and corn seeds, it is necessary to collect samples of their embryo germination, taproot and bud growth, true leaf growth and other stages. This specimen can be made into wax leaf specimen or impregnated specimen.
4. Comparative specimens: Comparative specimens mainly compare the similarities and differences of an organ of different plants. For example, to compare the seed morphology of dicotyledonous plants and monocotyledonous plants, it is necessary to collect mature fruits, such as rape, soybean, cucumber and tomato, remove the peel, dry the seeds, and collect the fruits of wheat, rice and corn for comparison. Compared with various forms of roots, we can collect cotton with straight roots, rice and wheat with fibrous roots, radish with bulbous roots, carrot with conical roots, radish with cylindrical roots, adventitious roots of tuber potatoes, corn and sugarcane, and parasitic roots of Cuscuta chinensis and Taxilli. By comparing the stems of various shapes, we can collect erect willows, morning glory and honeysuckle wrapped around the stems, creeping strawberries, climbing grapes, gourds, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, prickly hawthorn and Robinia pseudoacacia, succulent cactus, epiphyllum, bulbous Jerusalem artichoke, cabbage, bulbous onion and garlic. From the comparison of flower morphology, we can collect apple flowers with petal flowers, rape and shepherd's purse with cross corolla, broad bean with soybean, rosewood, butterfly corolla, safflower with tubular flowers, Jerusalem artichoke with tongue flowers and wheat flowers with single cotyledon. Comparing various inflorescences, we can collect Chinese cabbage in raceme, plantain in spike, sunflower in umbel and sunflower in head. Comparing fruits of various shapes, we can collect plums and apricots with drupes, persimmons and grapes with berries, apples and pears with pears, peas and Robinia pseudoacacia with pods, radishes with pods, Indigofera, sunflowers with achenes, rice and wheat with caryopsis, elms and Acer with samara. The contrast specimens can be made into wax leaves or air-dried specimens, and the effect of soaking fruits in primary colors is better.
(2) Several problems that should be paid attention to when collecting specimens.
In addition to the above introduction, the following questions should be paid attention to when collecting specimens.
1. Plants or branches with typical animals, vigorous growth and good posture should be selected as specimens according to the production purpose. Some plants have deformed leaves, such as Chinese cabbage, which can be divided into basal leaves and stems and leaves; Lygodium japonicum is divided into vegetative leaves and reproductive leaves; There are floating leaves and submerged leaves in the water. Even on the same branch, there are leaves with different shapes. For example, there are three leaf shapes in Wind and Return. Some plants are monoecious, such as pumpkin, castor, or dioecious, such as hemp and poplar. Female flowers and male flowers should be collected separately.
2, collection should be based on the surface paper size or specimen bottle size, choose the appropriate size of the specimen. Some plants are very small, such as lichen, cucurbitaceae, Azolla and so on. Some plants are very big, and representative parts can be taken, such as lilies and reeds. And you can cut the typical parts of the top, middle and root separately without picking the whole plant.
When making impregnated specimens, it is generally recommended that the specimens account for three-fifths of the volume in the bottle. If the specimen is too small, it looks empty; if it is too big, it looks bloated, which is detrimental to the appearance.
3. Specimens with flowers and fruits, whether dry or soaked, are often related to the degree of flowering. If bloom blooms too vigorously, all parts are easy to fall off, especially petals, so choose flowers that have just opened or will open. At this time, the characteristics of each part of the flower have been obvious, and it is not easy to fall off. If the blooming kapok is not easy to inhibit, better results can be obtained by selecting the buds that are about to open. When making impregnated specimens, the fruit shape and color of immature berries are not typical, and the juice concentration of over-ripe fruits is higher than that of impregnating solution, and the osmotic pressure inside and outside the peel is unbalanced, which is also easy to cause peel bursting or pulp dissolution, such as watermelon and tomato. Soybean, cabbage, andrographis paniculata and other dried fruits are too mature, the fruits are easy to burst under pressure, and the seeds are scattered, so it is difficult to obtain a complete shape. Pay attention to the collection. When the seeds are fully mature, specimens of species seeds should be collected.
4, the number of samples collected according to their respective needs and specific circumstances. When making wax leaf specimens, collect more copies. In addition to their own custody, if necessary, but also sent to the relevant units to identify scientific names, and exchange with relevant units at home and abroad. Usually take at least 2-3 parts of the plant. More samples should be taken to compare the effects of different impregnation methods. Besides the need, we should also take good care of plant resources.
Several specimens collected from the same plant at the same time are called duplicate specimens. Duplicate specimens should have the same collection number.
5. Pay attention to the flowering period of various plants when collecting specimens, so as to collect the required specimens in time. Some plants bloom first and then leave, such as elm, willow and kapok. These specimens should be observed before the leaves grow, so as to collect flower specimens in time, and then collect leaf specimens after the original plants grow leaves, and fill in different numbers.
6. There are some plastic problems in making various specimens, the purpose of which is to make the specimens beautiful and truly reflect the original shape. This problem is more prominent when making primary color impregnated specimens. Therefore, attention should be paid to the ecology of plants, the location of flowers and fruits, etc.
7. Collection of special specimens: In the collection of large specimens, it is impossible to collect the whole leaves because of the extremely large leaves of some plants, such as taro and mallow. This specimen can collect some leaves, if a single leaf can be cut off along one side of the midvein, or a lobe can be cut off; If you use compound leaves, you can use leaflets on one side of the total axis, but no matter how you choose, the top and base of the leaves or the leaflets on the top must be left. Flowers, fruits and leaves can be treated separately, but the numbers should be consistent. As for larger inflorescences, such as sunflower inflorescences and palmae inflorescences, only a part of them can be used.
8. The shape, rhizome, scale and indumentum of sporangium are usually classified characteristics of ferns. Therefore, when collecting pteridophytes, equisetum, Lygodium japonicum and Selaginella, we should pay attention to collecting leaves with sporangium and vegetative leaves, and dig a short section of rhizome to protect scales carefully to prevent them from falling off.
9. The sporophytes of bryophytes such as Cucurbitaceae and Ground Wire often fall off when they are mature. They should be collected when the sporophytes are immature and temporarily stored in paper bags or jars in time to prevent the caps on the sporophytes from falling off.
10. Lichen is a unique plant group, which grows on various substrates. Foliaceous and dendritic lichens, such as usnea, grow in mountainous areas, while shell lichens often grow on rocks, bark and buildings, so try to collect them together with the substrate. If you can't receive the matrix, you should also make a record.
1 1. Mushrooms in fungal plants are composed of fruiting bodies (caps and stalks) and underground filaments, and fruiting bodies are an important taxonomic feature. Some of them grow on the ground, others on branches or rotten bark. To collect mushrooms growing on the ground, carefully dig out the mushroom roots underground; Collect the mushrooms on the tree and cut them with a knife together with the substrate. When holding the specimen, be careful not to leave fingerprints on the epidermis of the cap and stalk, so as not to lose the inherent classification characteristics of the fruiting body surface. Immediately after the specimen is collected, hang the label, gently wrap it with soft paper and put it in the paper box.
12. Floating or submerged aquatic plants are easy to deform after collection. When collecting, you can put folding paper or window screen under the underwater specimen, gently lift the specimen off the water surface and press it together with the folding paper or window screen to keep its shape.
13, Spirogyra, Spirogyraceae and other algae plants mostly grow in water, and their leaves often shrink and lose their original shape as soon as they come out of the water. When collecting such specimens, you can first fish them out with a water net and pour them into a basin. After the leaves are spread out, put them under the specimen with absorbent paper, gently lift the specimen off the water surface, and then flatten it with dry paper. In order to avoid salinization, the collected algae must be soaked in fresh water for more than 10 minutes, and then put into clean water for the above treatment.
14. In addition, when collecting in the field, you should also be careful not to taste plant fruits indiscriminately to avoid poisoning, and you should also pay attention to personal safety when working in the field.
15, samples should be put into the collection box immediately after collection to avoid water loss.
(3) Number of specimens collected
The same collection number of the same collector (collector or group) should not be duplicated. Generally speaking, the collection number of each collector and the collection number of each year or each collection should be written in order. However, if the same plant is collected at the same time and place, it should be compiled into the same collection number as a duplicate specimen. The number of copies of each specimen shall be determined as required. If you encounter special plants, you should bring more copies for research or teaching. The same plant collected in different regions, different environments or different seasons shall be numbered separately. Dioecious plants should be numbered separately, and the relationship between the two numbers should be indicated. The collection number of specimens must be written in pencil on the number plate, and the collector, collection date and collection place must also be written on the number plate. The filled number plate must be fixed in the appropriate position of the sample to prevent it from falling off during the pressing, sorting or production of the sample.
(4). Field records
The origin, growth environment and growth habits of plant specimens are of great reference value to the identification, research and use of specimens, and it is impossible to fill all the collected information on the number plate. At the same time, no matter how carefully the specimens are pressed, there will always be some changes compared with their living conditions, and some characteristics, such as smell, flowers, colors, fruit shapes, etc., are often easy to change. Therefore, in the process of specimen collection, site records must be made.
The contents of field records include the collector, collection number, collection place, collection date, habitat, altitude, growth habit, morphological characteristics, flowering and fruiting period, local name and purpose (see above). Generally speaking, field records should be filled in the field record book at the same time as collecting specimens. Under special circumstances, it can also be filled in when sorting out specimens that night. The collection number on the record book must be the same as that on the number plate to avoid confusion. In order to prevent fading due to dampness, field records should be filled in with pencils. The field collection records shall be complete, objective and true. The characteristics that are easy to change or can't be reflected in the collected specimens after pressing should be recorded in the record book as far as possible, such as the growth form of the parts of trees, shrubs or tall herbs that have not been collected, the size and shape of the plants, the presence or absence of milk and color, the color of both sides of leaves, the color and smell of each part of flowers, the shape and color of fruits, etc. When collecting specimens, it is necessary to observe and record as much as possible the communities where plants live and the various growth environments of plants, including the altitude, slope direction, forest edge or grass slope of the collected specimens. At the same time, it is necessary to record the flowering period and fruit period of the collected plants as much as possible.
Third, design the acquisition plan.
5 or 6 people are free to form a team, and one person is the team leader.
1. Establishment of collection items: each group establishes one aspect as a special topic, such as whole specimens, anatomical specimens, phylogenetic specimens, comparative specimens, etc. You can also take a certain kind of plants as a special topic, such as algae, mosses, fungi and so on.
2. Go to the library or surf the Internet to find the morphological structure, living habits, living environment and other materials of the plants in the built project.
3. Determine the time and place of the activity according to the collected items.
Four, ready to collect the required tools.
1. The specimen rack is used for collecting and pressing specimens. It is a wooden splint, about 45 cm long and 30 cm wide. Specimen clips can be divided into back clips and pressure clips (Figure). The former is best equipped with velcro and bandage, so that the sample can be pressed into the specimen holder at any time during field collection to prevent the collected sample from shrinking due to dehydration. The latter is suitable for centralized compression of specimens.
Pruning shears are used to cut the branches of plants. There are usually two kinds of pruning shears: ordinary pruning shears and high overhaul pruning shears (long-handle pruning shears).
3. Small hoes (collecting sticks) are used to dig underground parts, such as roots, bulbs, bulbs and rhizomes of plants, or plants in cracks.
4. Small hand saws are used to collect wood samples or saw branches.
5. The collection bag is used when filling fresh specimen materials in the collection process, and it is a portable bag or bag made of plastic or other materials.
6. When pressing the specimen, absorbent paper can be used to absorb plant moisture, and all kinds of paper can be used, but hemp crepe paper with strong water absorption is preferred.
7. Use rope when binding and clamping.
8. When collecting specimens in the field, hold a magnifying glass to observe plant characteristics.
9. The meter ruler is used to measure the length.
10. The field collection record book is used to record the origin, habitat and characteristics of plants when they are collected in the field. The specific style is as follows:
1 1. The number plate (label) is made of hard paper and attached to each specimen. In the fields, fill in the information such as collector, collection number and collection place.
12. Collection bag: temporarily store samples that are easy to fall off to avoid loss. You can paste kraft paper into paper bags of different sizes and place flowers and fruits. Coarse cloth can also be sewn into cloth bags of different sizes for placing bulbs, rhizomes or large fruits.
Collection box: also used for temporary storage of field specimens. Generally, it is made of tinplate into an oval shape, with a length of 40 cm, a width of 18 cm and a height of 9 cm. There is a small cover on the side that can be opened and closed. The box is painted dark green outside and white inside. Both ends are equipped with belts, which can be slung over the shoulders.
13. The number plate (label) is made of hard paper and attached to each specimen. In the field, fill in the payee, payment number, payment location and other information.
14. Small paper bags are used to preserve flowers, fruits and leaves that fall off from specimens and collect seeds.
15. jars of different sizes (as required).
16. Pencils, erasers and other stationery are used to fill in the collection records and number plates.
17. Anatomical tools.
18. The camera (video camera) is used to capture the image data of plant morphology, habitat, population, vegetation and so on.
In addition, you should also bring binoculars, flashlights and other daily necessities and commonly used drugs as needed.
Verbs (abbreviation of verb) are collected on the spot:
Taking three or four groups as a large group, samples were collected on the spot. Fill in the collection records during the collection process. The collection number of specimens must be written in pencil on the number plate, and the collector, collection date and collection place must also be written on the number plate. The filled number plate must be fixed in the appropriate position of the sample to prevent it from falling off during the pressing, sorting or production of the sample.
Six, the production of specimens:
(A) the suppression and collation of specimens
After the specimen is collected, it must be cleaned before making, so as to remove impurities and make the features to be displayed more prominent. The first cleaning is to remove dead branches and leaves, and to remove withered flowers and fruits. If the leaves are too dense, trim them properly, but leave a little petiole to show the condition of the leaves. The second is to wash away sediment impurities with clear water. Don't damage the specimen when cleaning. Some appendages on plants are also classified features, such as scales on the roots of ferns, which should be protected.
Specimens should be made as soon as possible after cleaning, otherwise the flowers and leaves of some specimens will be easily deformed for too long, which will affect the effect. Pressing the specimen is to spread the specimen on several layers of absorbent paper one by one, and then press it up and down with the specimen clamp to make it dry and flatten as soon as possible. The pressing method is to first put several layers of absorbent paper on one splint of the specimen rack, then put the specimen, then put several layers of paper on the specimen, so that the specimen and absorbent paper are separated from each other and stacked layer by layer, and finally press the other splint of the specimen and tie it tightly with a rope. The stacking height should be tied firmly without dumping, which is generally about 1 ft. Generally, there are 3-5 sheets of paper in each layer. Thick and juicy specimens have more paper sandwiched up and down. Light and soft flowers and fruits can be wrapped in soft paper before being sandwiched to avoid damage. The first pressed specimen should be tied as tightly as possible, so that the specimen can be flattened, closely contacted with absorbent paper and dried more easily. After 3-4 days, the specimen began to dry and gradually became brittle. At this time, it should not be tied too tightly to avoid damaging the specimen.
Attention should be paid to the following situations when suppressing:
1, try to make branches, leaves, flowers and fruits spread flat, and make the back of some leaves face up, so as to observe the characteristics of the back of leaves. It is best to display the shapes of flower stalks, calyx, petals and other parts by lateral pressure of some flower specimens; It is also necessary to dissect several flowers and press the stamens, pistils, flower discs, placentas and other parts so as to dry them with absorbent paper, which is more convenient for observing the characteristics of plants and identifying them.
2, succulent roots, tubers, bulbs and other specimens, not easy to dry, you must first scald the cells with boiling water, then cut them vertically and horizontally, drip dry water and then press. This can not only dry the specimen quickly, but also observe the internal structure. Cactus and large fruits, such as grapefruit, bergamot, citron, etc. , can be cut longitudinally to remove the internal fleshy tissue and then pressed, or cut part of the longitudinal section and transverse section as a representative to press.
3. Plants such as Cuscuta chinensis, Taxilli, Ginger, Taro, Orchid, Pine, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cypress, etc. are often pressed for 1-2 months, and the cells are still not dead, resulting in the shedding of leaves and flowers. These specimens need to be scalded in boiling water for a while, and then pressed after killing cells. Some specimens are easily broken, such as the petals of kapok, which are left for half a day after collection, or steamed for a period of time to soften the tissue and then pressed, and the effect is good.
4, specimen placement should pay attention to the wrong end, in order to maintain the balance of the whole stack of specimens, uniform stress, not dumping. Some specimens have thick flowers and fruits, which often make the paper swell and the leaves wrinkle under pressure. In this case, several pieces of paper can be folded into paper mats and placed around the protrusions, or most of the paper can be cut and dried separately, but pay attention to hanging the same collection label. If the specimen is long, it can be folded into a "V" shape or a "K" N "shape.
5. Whether the paper is changed in time is a key step related to the specimen quality.
The water content of the initial pressure specimen is high, and it is generally changed 2-3 times a day, once a day after the third day and once a few days later until it is dry. In rainy weather, specimens are prone to mildew, so it is more important to change paper. Pay attention to plastic surgery several times before, and spread out the wrinkled leaves and flowers to show the main features. The replaced wet paper should be dried or dried in time. It is best to use dry hot paper instead. Be careful when changing paper. First, remove the wet paper from the specimen and replace it with some dry paper. Then, press one hand on the dry paper above the specimen, and press the wet paper below the specimen with the other hand, and turn it quickly so that the dry paper faces down and the wet paper faces up. Then, remove the wet paper and replace it with dry paper, which can reduce the movement of the specimen and avoid damage.
The drying speed of plant specimens with different textures is different. Some specimens, such as plantain, nightshade, morning glory, dandelion, etc. It will be done in 2-3 days, and some will take half a month or a month. Therefore, when changing paper, you should take out the dried specimens at any time to reduce the workload.
Flowers, fruits and seeds of some plants often fall off under pressure. When changing paper, you must pick it up one by one, put it in a small paper bag, write down the collection number and clip it together.
In order to make the specimen dry quickly and keep its original color, it can be ironed and dried, or it can be dried in a constant temperature drying box at 45-60℃ with a wire clamp or accelerated by infrared radiation.
In addition, the use of silica gel as desiccant can make plant specimens dry quickly with good results.
When pressing samples, we should also pay attention to the following aspects:
1, the specimen size is appropriate and beautiful, otherwise the leaves can be folded or trimmed to the size corresponding to the surface paper.
2. When pressing the specimen, try to flatten the flowers, leaves and branches, with beautiful posture, so as not to make most leaves overlap. If the leaves are too dense, you can cut off a few leaves, but keep the petiole to mark the position of the leaves.
3. The pressed specimens should have the front of the leaves, and some leaves should be exposed on the back for easy observation.
4. When cutting, it is best to cut the stem and branchlets obliquely, so as to show and expose the internal structure of the stem.
5. The fallen flowers, fruits or leaves should be packed in paper bags, and the collection number of the specimen should be written on the outside of the bag and put together with the specimen.
6. When pressing specimens in the pressure clamp, special attention should be paid to stagger the upper and lower specimens in the specimen clamp, so as to keep the specimens in the specimen clamp as balanced as possible. Otherwise, tender leaves, petals, etc. After drying, there will be no pressure and wrinkles.
7. Pay attention to dissect a flower when the specimen is pressed into toilet paper, and show the internal shape for future research.
8, between specimens, must put a few pages of absorbent paper (aquatic plants, should add more absorbent paper), and then pressure on the pressure clamp, and appropriate pressure, tied with a rope in a ventilated place.
9. When changing dry paper, the specimens should be carefully classified. Dry paper should be frequently changed, and it should be classified at any time when changing paper in the future.
The dried specimen should be replaced with a single absorbent paper in time and put into other pressure clamps to avoid the dried specimen being pressed in the splint.
(2) Specimen binding:
Binding is to fix the specimen on a piece of white surface paper, also called surface paper. On the one hand, the purpose of binding is to preserve specimens for a long time without being destroyed, on the other hand, it is also to facilitate observation and research.
Table paper requires hard texture, and it is best to use white paper or forest paper. When in use, it is cut to a certain size as required. Specimen binding is usually divided into three steps, namely disinfection, binding and recording.
1. Disinfection: After the specimen is dried, there are often pests or eggs, which must be disinfected with chemical agents to kill the eggs and spores of zero bacteria to avoid moth-eaten. The commonly used disinfectant is 1% mercuric chloride alcohol solution. It can also be fumigated and disinfected with sulfur dioxide or other agents. These are highly toxic drugs, so you should pay attention to safety when disinfecting. Ultraviolet disinfection is safer and more effective.
2. Binding: To bind the specimen, first select a suitable position on the surface paper. Generally, it is straight or slightly inclined, and the upper left corner of the paper has a lower right corner for posting collection records and labels. Pay attention to the beautiful shape when placing, and reflect the true shape of plants as much as possible. After the position of the specimen on the surface paper is determined, the leaves, flowers and branches that are too dense should be trimmed properly and then bound.
Specimens are usually bound by indirect pasting. The specific method is: select several fixed points on the front of the dining table paper, use a flat awl to make several pairs of longitudinal seams close to the branches, petioles, inflorescences and midrib of leaves, insert both ends of the paper into the seams and put them on the back of the dining table paper. After tightening the paper, stick them firmly on the back of the desk paper with peach gum, and then fix the anatomical specimens such as flowers, fruits, bark and other accessories on the desk paper. Flowers and fruits that fall off easily should be packed in paper bags and pasted on the table paper. So the paper bag should be stuck firmly, don't lose flowers and fruits, and it should be easy to take out. Large paper strips such as roots and fruits are not easy to fix, so white sewing thread can be used instead, and thin specimens can be directly attached to surface paper with peach gum. If there is no peach gum, you can also use ordinary office gum or paste with preservatives instead.
Tiny plants, such as moss, lichen, spirogyra, auricularia, etc. It is not easy to bind with the above method, and the specimen can be covered with transparent cellophane, and the periphery of cellophane is stuck on the surface paper.
Only one plant specimen can be placed on each table paper. Compare specimens. According to the need, put the same specimen on a table paper.
3. Labeling: After the specimen is bound, label it in the lower right corner, and the label items are drawn up as required. Generally, there are categories, names, collection locations, dates, collectors, etc.
The explanation should be concise. The category is to write the name of the specimen, such as leaf order specimen, inflorescence specimen or phylogenetic specimen. Name refers to the name of the plant. If it is a leaf order specimen, there may be several different plant names on the table paper. Specimens used for plant taxonomy are usually marked with collection records in the upper left corner and name labels in the lower right corner. The naming label shall indicate the preservation number, family, Latin scientific name, appraiser and identification date. Just stick the four corners or the upper and lower sides firmly when labeling, and you can remove them and replace them if necessary.
(3) Specimen display and communication:
Exhibit students' works, organize students to visit and study, conduct appraisal, teachers summarize, affirm achievements, point out shortcomings, evaluate various outstanding awards and commend them.
(4) specimen preservation:
The prepared wax leaf specimens must be properly preserved, otherwise they will be easily eaten by insects or moldy, causing losses.
Wax leaf specimens should be stored in the specimen cabinet. The specimen cabinet should be structurally sealed and moisture-proof, and its size and style can be determined according to needs and specific conditions. Generally divided into two layers, easy to move. Each floor is 100 cm high, 70 cm wide and 45 cm deep. There are doors facing each other in front of the cabinet, and the middle is divided into two sides with wooden boards, and each side is divided into five compartments with movable boards. Samples are sorted and placed on the plate. If there is no specimen cabinet, a sealed wooden box can be used instead. The specimen cabinet must be placed in a ventilated and dry room.
Before the sample enters the sample cabinet, two things must be done:
Registration and numbering: each specimen should be classified and registered in the register as required. The main purpose of registration and numbering is to record how many specimens are kept at any time and which specimens can be taken at any time, thus making the specimens more organized and easy to use.
Before disinfection and preservation of specimen cabinets and specimen rooms, they should be cleaned, dried and disinfected with pesticides in advance, and generally sprayed or smoked with trichlorfon or formalin. Then put the specimens in the cabinet for preservation according to the registration and classification order. After the specimen is put into the cabinet, it must also be checked regularly for mildew, insect pests, damage, etc. If found, it should be handled in time.
Dry the specimens thoroughly before entering the cabinet, and put mothballs and desiccant in the cabinet. If the specimen is moldy, you can gently sweep off the mycelium with a brush, and then touch some carbolic acid or formalin on the specimen, or you can dry it with an infrared lamp and disinfect it with an ultraviolet lamp. Be sure to close the cupboard door when sampling.
In addition, when taking and placing specimens, some parts of the specimens will fall off and be broken due to mutual friction between the specimens. This needs to be handled carefully. When you need to take samples from a pile of specimens, you must take them out of the whole pile and put them on the table to read one by one. Do not force them. In order to reduce the wear between specimens, the specimens can be clamped or classified one by one with kraft paper or hard paper.