However, in the end, corrupt officials got in the way, and those who were able to pay taxes deliberately refused to pay them. In the second year, they can apply for relief, and the part of the relief was taken away by corrupt officials. In the face of this situation, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty implemented the system of real requisition.
The real requisition system is a planning manual. Harvest autumn grain every year. In August, the local government budgeted the real requisition of flower farmers in September, and filled in the notice. The grain harvest began in 1 1 month and ended in1February. There is a discrepancy between the actual collection and the accountability.
In this way, the loopholes of corrupt officials are blocked, and the past tricks of exploiting loopholes to get rich are completely useless. The state's fiscal revenue has also increased substantially. There is also a reform that improved the finance of the Ming Dynasty by opening up China and France: opening up China and France.
China's opening to the French was an old system established in the early Ming Dynasty. The main reason was that as long as businessmen cultivated land at the border and imported food into the country, they could get the qualification of salt trade, that is, "salt introduction". For a long time, this method not only enriched the border grain reserves, but also enlivened the economy.
However, by the middle of the Ming Dynasty, due to the serious land annexation, and the price of grain and salt had already changed, regular businessmen exchanged grain for salt, and the cost had already lost money. Diplomatic corruption has intensified and salt has been lost. On the contrary, unscrupulous traders wantonly use salt to make huge profits. As a result, fewer and fewer businessmen are willing to send grain, and the salt industry is more chaotic.
Since the fifth year of Hongzhi (1492), under the auspices of Ye Qi, the senior minister of the Ministry of Housing, the Ming Dynasty readjusted its opening to France. The biggest change is that businessmen need to take salt without hard work, just pay the silver according to the price. In this way, profits have also changed. Originally, the cost of transporting grain was high. Now it is replaced by silver, the cost is greatly reduced, and the profit of salt trade has soared. Businessmen's enthusiasm has been greatly improved, scrambling to send money. If converted into monetary income, the income opened by China and France is eight times that of Yongle in Hongzhi. In the Ming Dynasty, the national tax revenue reached its peak in Hongwu, Yongle and Xuande. In orthodoxy, the tax revenue dropped sharply to more than 26 million stones because the official land in the south of the Yangtze River was re-granted and the subjects started from private land. Since then, Jingtai, Tianshun and Chenghua have been hovering between 25 million stones and 26 million stones, while Hongzhi Dynasty has increased to 27 million stones, becoming the peak of the mid-Ming Dynasty. In fact, this is not only an increase in taxes, but also a steady increase in population. From the first year of Hongzhi (1488) to the eighth year of Hongzhi (1495), the number of households increased from 9 1 13630 to 100279. The number of households in 14 years (150 1) increased to 1040883 1, 17 years (1504) and reached10504.
However, when we see this obvious step-by-step growth figure in A Record of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, we can't help but doubt that a troubled period like Hongzhi, so stable and prosperous in production and population proliferation, even including the Yellow River flood and several years of governance, has not had a negative impact on social and economic development. In fact, there are two main reasons for this "ambitious phenomenon": First, social stability. During the Hongzhi period, except for small-scale military conflicts with ethnic minorities in Hetao and Hami, there was no major turmoil in major areas of the country. Second, large-scale water conservancy projects have played a role in replacing relief with work. From the second year of Hongzhi (1489) to the eighth year of Hongzhi (1495), nearly 600,000 migrant workers were employed, which lasted for six or seven years. Of course, mobilization is great, and it has also solved the unemployment and relief of families in disaster areas to a certain extent.
After the completion of the water conservancy project in Hongzhi eight years, the total rice and wheat tax in Hongzhi nine years increased to 28.84 million stones, an increase of more than one million stones. This figure is close to the average income of Hongwu dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty.