Red dates are the first choice for developing water-saving forest and fruit industry. So how to grow red dates? Below is the method of growing red dates that I have carefully compiled for you. Let’s take a look.
Methods for planting red dates
1. Choose a jujube orchard carefully
Closely planted jujube orchards should be sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with flat terrain, sufficient sunshine, and an altitude of less than 900 meters. Plains, agricultural land with deep soil, loose texture and fertile soil. Jujube seedlings are not tolerant to alkali, so those who are newly planting jujube trees should not rush for success. The first choice should be to divert fresh water to wash the alkali, deepen and mature the soil, apply more organic fertilizers, and plow deeply to continuously increase the organic matter content of the soil. Heavy clay and gravel soil should be dug and replaced with soil.
2. Land preparation and application of basal fertilizer
Dwarf and dense planting is the basis for early high yield of jujube trees. It is necessary to select dwarf (short-branch type) varieties and take comprehensive measures. 3 to 5 years after planting A high yield is obtained within the year, and the quality and yield are continuously improved while ensuring the healthy growth of the tree. Therefore, soil preparation and fertilization are the first conditions for jujube trees to be short, dense, early and yield high yields.
For spring planting, the land should be fully prepared and plowed to a depth of 30 centimeters in late autumn of the previous year. For autumn planting, the land should be fully plowed in early autumn. On the basis of comprehensive land preparation, according to the designed plant row spacing, carry out 1 meter square hole-shaped land preparation at the planting point, stack the topsoil and raw soil separately, and lay 15 to 25 kilograms of crushed crop straw at the bottom of the pit. Mix 20 to 30 kilograms of farmyard manure with topsoil and fill it in the pit. Finally, cover it with raw soil and pour water once to prepare for planting. Adjust the relationship between water, fertilizer, air and heat to maintain a stable environment conducive to the growth of the jujube tree root system.
3. Planting method
3.1 Selection of seedlings It is necessary to use first- and second-level seedlings with pure varieties, strong growth, complete root systems, free of jujube diseases and insect pests, and strong healing of grafted seedling rootstocks and scions. First-level seedlings: more than 1.2 meters high, more than 1.5 centimeters in ground diameter, more than 2 millimeters in lateral root thickness, and 6 to 8 branches over 20 centimeters in length. Second-level seedlings: 0.9 to 1.2 meters in height, 1 to 1.5 centimeters in ground diameter, and thick lateral roots 2 mm, 18 cm long, more than 5 strips.
3.2 Planting time Spring planting should be done late, with the best period from April 5th to 20th. Autumn planting should be done early, from October 20th to November 5th after the leaves fall.
3.3 Preservation of seedlings. Seedlings in the country must be transported to the garden on the same day after being dug, and planted or planted in time. They must not be exposed to wind or sun. Seedlings transferred from other places must be soaked in cow dung before shipment. (50 kg water mixed with 13 kg cow dung), phosphate fertilizer solution (50 kg water mixed with 1.5 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10 kg clay mixed) dip the roots for treatment and package the roots in wet straw bags. Before planting seedlings, soak them with (150-200)? 10-6 ABT rooting powder (No. 1, 2) solution for 20-30 minutes or spray the roots before planting.
3.4 Planting density The dwarf dense plant varieties selected in different places have different planting densities. Generally, the density can be 110 plants/667 square meters (2 meters to 3 meters) and 134 plants/667 square meters (2.5 meters). ?2.5 meters), 167 plants/667 square meters (2 meters? 2 meters), 222 plants/667 square meters (1.5 meters? 2 meters), 222 plants/667 square meters or more can generally only be demonstrated in a small area, and the planting line is the smallest. Good things go in the direction of a triangle.
3.5 Planting method: Dig a planting hole with a length, width and depth of 50 cm square at the center of the dug hole. Plant according to the procedure of "first burying, second stepping, third lifting the seedlings, and fourth plowing" to ensure that the ends of the seedlings are straight. The planting depth should be 3 to 5 centimeters deeper than the soil mark of the seedlings' ground diameter. After planting, the jujube seedlings can be cut off to a length of more than 0.8 to 1 meter. Tie the cut tightly with plastic strips, apply clear oil, and seal it with wax.
4. Soil, fertilizer and water management
4.1 Irrigation Jujube seedlings must be irrigated the same day after planting. Irrigate twice after 7 to 10 days, and then irrigate at appropriate times according to soil structure, temperature, and air temperature.
4.2 Soil loosening and weeding In order to reduce water evaporation and nutrient consumption, loosen the soil, support seedlings and weed in time after each irrigation during the growing season. After 3 to 4 years, chemical herbicides can also be used to kill weeds, such as prometryn and diuron (sometimes use 200 grams of cutting agent, add 40 kilograms of water and mix well). Spray the surface before weeds sprout in spring and emerge, and the weed killing effect is very high.
4.3 Fertilize in the autumn of the year of planting or the following spring. Apply 10 to 15 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 100 to 200 kilograms of chemical fertilizer per plant. Open a circular trench 30 centimeters wide and 30 centimeters deep at a distance of 30 centimeters from the trunk. Fertilizer is applied evenly, and the amount of fertilizer applied each year will increase by 30% compared with the previous year. It is carried out after jujube leaves, and the concentration is: 0.4% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5% potassium sulfate aqueous solution. Spray on the surface of jujube leaves at 10 a.m. or after 4 p.m. on a sunny day. It is required to spray evenly and spray once every 10 days.
5. Plastic pruning
The purpose of plastic pruning is to regulate the circulation and distribution of nutrients and water, so that the saplings will bear fruit early and produce more lignified jujubes. The fruit will bear fruit in the year of planting (grafting), and the output will gradually increase from the second year onwards, and will basically form a stable and high yield in the fourth year. The main trunk is scattered and layered, with a height of less than 2.5 meters. It has 6 main branches, 3 at the base, 2 in the middle and 1 at the upper part.
5.1 In the first year, 3 main branches and the first lateral branches are cultivated. In the second year, the second lateral branches at the base are cultivated. At the same time, 2 main branches and the first lateral branches in the second layer are cultivated. In the third year, 3 main branches at the base are cultivated. All the side branches are arranged and the third layer of main branches is cultivated. In the fourth year, the third layer of main branches and side branches are formed.
5.2 The first main branch of the three main branches at the base is 20 to 25 cm from the ground, and the distance between each main branch is 15 to 20 cm; the distance between the second layer and the first layer is 30 cm, and the distance between the main branches is 30 cm. The spacing is 20 to 30 cm.
5.3 Each main branch at the base is equipped with 3 side branches. The first side branch is 20 to 25 cm away from the leading trunk. The remaining side branches are kept about 30 cm apart. Each main branch above the second layer is equipped with 2 side branches. . Winter pruning is the main method and summer pruning is the secondary method. Plastic pruning also includes open-shaped, hammer-shaped and horizontal fan-shaped.
Key points of methods for planting red dates
1. Fertilize the soil and enhance tree vigor. Whether it is a sapling or a large tree in the fruiting stage, it should be based on applying sufficient base fertilizer. A constant supply of nutrients is required from flowering to maturity. It is also necessary to loosen the soil and weed in time, and eliminate weeds in time to save nutrients. Pay attention to irrigation and drainage, maintain appropriate moisture, and pay attention to timely spraying of new high-fat film to retain the effect of fertilizer and water, effectively promote the strength of the tree and enhance its disease resistance.
2. Prune the tree into shape to strengthen and promote fruiting. The crown of jujube trees expands slowly, and pruning young trees can increase the number of branches, accelerate crown formation, and form a high-yield skeleton. And promptly apply callus antiseptic film on the scissor wound to promote wound healing and prevent bacterial invasion and infection. During the flower bud stage, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage, spray fruit pedicle strengthening agent to thicken the fruit pedicle, increase nutrient delivery, prevent flower drop, improve pollination ability, increase fruit setting rate, speed up expansion, and ensure high quality fruit. high yield.
3. Promote flower differentiation and balance fruit rate. The size of the tree's fruit-bearing years causes the tree's load to be unbalanced, which not only affects the balanced income, but also affects the health of the orchard tree. The flowering rate of jujube flowers should be brushed once every year when the flowering rate reaches 20%; and brushed again after 30 to 35 days, the flower bud differentiation will be greatly promoted, the flowering and fruit setting rate will be increased, and the shoot growth will be suppressed. Long, completely balanced size years.
4. Prevent insects and diseases, and make the tree safe to survive the winter. Insect pests can weaken the tree, make it less resistant to disease, and make it easier for viruses to infect. It is necessary to spray insecticides according to plant protection measures, and at the same time, apply a new high-fat film to enhance the efficacy; in late autumn and early winter, tree protectors should be painted and done well. Preparing the garden and trees for winter. It is necessary to increase the fertilization to strengthen the soil moisture, ensure the nutrient supply of the tree body, ensure the health of the tree body, and lay the foundation for high yield and increased income in the coming year.
How to cultivate red dates
1. Before planting, dig a planting pond 80 cm long, 80 cm wide and 60-80 cm deep. When digging the pond, the topsoil and subsoil should be piled up separately. Put grass or straw into the bottom layer, and backfill the middle layer with 50 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure mixed with topsoil, and then return to the bottom soil (preferably all topsoil is used). After backfilling, the planting pond should be 30 cm above the ground, or filled to the lowest level when backfilling. When the ground is 20 cm, pour water thoroughly to allow the soil in the pond to settle and then fill it with soil to make it slightly above the ground. When planting, dig a hole 20 to 30 cm deep in the planting pond, put the jujube seedlings into the center of the hole, and lift the seedlings while filling them with soil. After covering with soil, they are slightly higher than the ground. The planting depth is the same as the depth of the seedlings in the nursery. They should be consistent and should not be planted too deep (burying the grafting interface) or too shallow. After planting, form a circular tree tray with a diameter of 1 meter around the saplings, pour root water thoroughly, and cover the tree tray with a film (one square meter in size) to moisturize, warm, and suppress weeds. Strings must be pulled during pond excavation and planting to ensure that the seedlings reach the "three-point" and "first-line" levels after planting.
2. Fertilizer and water management
After the saplings are planted, 10 to 15 days before germination in spring, topdress each plant with 1 to 2 ounces of urea mixed with 10 kilograms of water, and then apply it every other Repeat the operation (irrigation and top dressing) once a month, and the top dressing position is 30 to 40 cm away from the trunk.
3.Pruning