1 Rosa of Rosaceae. The flora of China-Rose Rose originated from China and has a long cultivation history. It is not only an excellent flowering shrub, but also an important perfume plant. 【 Morphological characteristics 】 Deciduous erect tufted shrub with gray-brown stems, dense bristles and barbs, pinnately compound leaves, 5-9 leaflets, oval to oval obovate, obtuse and round serrated, thick and wrinkled, bright green at the top, gray-green at the bottom, hairy or prickly, and sparse prickles and glandular hairs on petioles and leaf axes. Stipules are mostly connected with petioles and have fine serrations. Flowers solitary or 3-6 in clusters, 6-8 cm in diameter. Flowers are fragrant, densely hairy and prickly, petals are purple or white, single or double. Rose fruit is oblate and red, with persistent sepals. The flowering period is from May to September, and the fruiting period is from September to June. Common varieties are: purple rose, anemone and purple rose. Red roses, roses, roses, red. White roses have white flowers. F.plena, a double purple rose, is a kind of rose-purple flower with double petals, rich fragrance and excellent quality, which is widely cultivated everywhere. Double white rose, white flower, double. Rosa hybrida, a modern hybrid rose, is also called "rose". At present, there are more than one hundred kinds of so-called "roses" (actually modern roses), including white roses, red roses, blue roses, pink roses, light pink roses, yellow roses, double-color roses and so on. In fact, most of the roses are new varieties of roses developed by improving several common roses. There are not many original varieties of "Chinese rose" (actually Chinese rose), but at least 15000 varieties have been officially registered after cross breeding. According to the size of roses, they can be divided into four categories: big wheel, middle wheel, small wheel and rattan wheel. Rosa hybrida, a modern hybrid rose, is the largest rose variety in the world at present, with large flowers and one flower per stem, and the representative variety is Heping Dior. Widely used in middle rotation, the flower size is about 6 ~ 10 cm. The representative species are Sequoia couple and Jolina. The flowers of the little wheel are only about 1.5 ~ 2.5 cm, with small inflorescences and short plants, which can be used as small potted plants or flower beds for beautification. Representative varieties are Little Sunset and Starina. Tendrils, which are bred from tendrils or mutated from non-tendrils, can reach 4 ~ 6 cm in height and have no climbing ability. The planting of 1 requires manual fixing of branches to edit this part. Planting is mainly based on ground planting and a small amount of potted plants. In the Yellow River basin and its south area, it can be planted in the open air and overwinter in the open air. In the cold northern region, potted plants should be used indoors for wintering, or ditches should be dug and pots buried for wintering. After defoliation in autumn, it can be planted before germination in spring. It should be planted in a place with high terrain, abundant sunshine and no stagnant water, and the depth is off the ground 15 cm. When potted, humus soil, garden soil and river sand are mixed to cultivate soil, and a proper amount of decomposed manure or cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer are added into the well. After planting, water 1 time, put the seedlings in the shade for a few days and then move them to the sun for culture. 2. Sunshine with sufficient light and temperature can promote good growth. Ground planting and potted plants should be placed in sunny places and receive more than 4 hours of direct sunlight every day. Can not be placed in a place with insufficient indoor light for a long time. Enter the room in winter and put it in a sunny place. The suitable growth temperature is 12-28℃, and it can withstand the low temperature of -20℃. It is safe to overwinter in Zhengzhou. The cut flower "rose" is actually a Chinese rose. 3. Water and fertilize before planting, apply proper amount of organic fertilizer in the tree hole, and then water after planting. The requirement of water and fertilizer for ground-planted roses is not strict, and generally it can be fertilized three times. First, apply fertilizer before flowering, and put it into furrow before spring buds shade. It is best to add decomposed manure and humus. The second is to apply fertilizer after flowering, and apply decomposed cake fertilizer residue after flowering to supplement the nutrients consumed by flowering. Third, apply fertilizer in winter, and apply human manure after defoliation to ensure the safety of roses in winter. Potted roses can be applied with dilute fertilizer water in cattle for a long time, 10- 15 days 1 time. Roses are drought tolerant. Generally, plants are not watered at ordinary times, and they are watered for 20-30 days in hot summer or spring drought 1 time. Potted plants are watered for two days 1 time, hot in summer or dry in spring 1 time. 4. Generally, pruning is not needed for plastic pruning. Old plants can prune dense branches, dead branches and insect branches. Roses bloom, if they fail, pick them and then bloom, otherwise they will only bloom 1 time. 5. Generally, the natural flowering period is better to control the flowering period. Edit this paragraph to cultivate and raise China flora-Rose Rose is very fragrant and is known as the national fragrance. Yang Wanli, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "Without national fragrance, there is no harvest." Qiu Jin, a modern poet, called it "the first fragrance in spring". Tang Yan Qian, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, had metaphors such as "Musk deer is burning" and praised the fragrance of roses. The fruit is wrapped in a receptacle, oblate, green at first, and orange-red at maturity. Roses are easy to breed and cultivate. Breeding is mostly carried out by sowing, dividing plants and cutting. Sowing should be done in autumn, and seeds should be stored in sand. Sand storage treatment method: mix a small amount of soil with sand, moisten it with water, make it manually agglomerate, and granulate when it is dispersed. Then wash the seeds and mix them into the sand. In sunny or semi-shady places, dig a ditch with an east-west width of 60 cm and a depth of 80 cm, and bury the sand mixed with seeds in it, leaving pores. Dig it out in the early spring of the next year, and it is best to plant it after the seeds are broken. Flora of China-Rose ramet propagation can be carried out in spring and autumn, especially in autumn. 1-2-year-old seedlings are separated from old plants with some roots, so the wounds can be disinfected better and survive easily. Cutting, mostly in July-August. Two-year-old robust branches and 1.5-20cm long slices were selected as cuttings. Each cutting requires at least three leaf buds, the lower part is cut into horseshoe shape and the upper part is parallel. You can use pot insertion and border insertion. After insertion, do a good job of shading and sun protection, sprinkle water frequently, and maintain a certain humidity and temperature. It takes about a month to take root and become a new plant, and it can be transplanted after one year.

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