control technology
(1) plant quarantine
Scale insects are often fixed and parasitic, with small bodies, which are mainly carried by host branches, scions, fruits and even trunks and spread over long distances. Therefore, the procurement, transportation and protected areas of seedlings, scions and fruits should be quarantined to prevent transmission.
(2) Agricultural control
Strengthening orchard management, timely intertillage, fertilization and irrigation to meet the needs of fruit trees for water and fertilizer can enhance the tree vigor and improve the insect resistance of fruit trees. Combined with plastic pruning, burning branches with insects can greatly reduce the number of insect mouths.
(3) Biological control
Protecting and utilizing natural enemies and implementing biological control are effective ways to control scale insect population. There are some successful experiences in protecting and utilizing natural enemies and controlling scale insects, which should be summarized and popularized. For example, ladybugs are the main predators of scale insects, and the harm of scale insects and scale insects can be effectively controlled by providing shelter or artificial migration and releasing Australian ladybugs, red ladybugs and black-edged ladybugs. The species of parasitic wasps and scale fungi are also very rich. For example, the sun wasp is an effective natural enemy to control the pear moth, which has become the object of introduction and utilization in the world, and further research should be strengthened. In addition, when taking other control measures, especially chemical control, we should try to avoid killing natural enemies.
(4) Physical and mechanical prevention and control
Grasping the two weak links of scale insects' life activities and adopting physical and mechanical methods can get twice the result with half the effort. First of all, scale insects live a fixed life and rarely move, often only on local plants or branches in newly introduced areas. If measures such as pulling out seedlings, pruning, scraping or brushing off are taken in time, remarkable results can be achieved. For example, scale insects only occurred in local jujube orchards several years after they were introduced into Huocheng and Yining, Xinjiang, because the local jujube seedlings were low and the planting spacing was large, so scale insects only concentrated. Secondly, the short-distance spread of scale insects mainly depends on the crawling of newly hatched nymphs. At this time, coating adhesive on branches or other blocking methods can stop the spread and destroy most nymphs. The viscose is made of 10 part of rosin, 8 parts of castor oil and 0.5 part of paraffin wax. They are mixed together in proportion and can be used after heating and melting. The general viscosity can be maintained for about 15 days. For grasshoppers, you can also use the method of digging holes near the roots to destroy them under the trees.
(5) Chemical control
1. Control during hibernation. Spraying 3 ~ 5.5 times of sulfur mixture, 3%~5% diesel oil ES or 5%~6% coal tar ES during the dormancy period of fruit trees has a good control effect on scale insects, and can also control aphids and tetranychus mites.
2. Two key prevention and control periods should be grasped during the growth period. The crawling period of the first-year-old nymph or before the female adult lays eggs is 1, and the peak period of egg hatching is the second optimal period for control, so low-toxicity selective pesticides should be used for control. Such as "Hanke140"1000 times solution, 600 times solution of chlorpyrifos, 800 times solution of killing, etc.