1, sorting out

① Select the plants with the most complete organs as specimens from several identical plants. Remove the residual leaves first, and properly remove some too dense branches and too many flowers, leaves and fruits. If 10 large flowers gather together, it is generally appropriate to leave only 4~5 flowers, but a small piece of flowers, fruits and leaves should be left to show the original ecological situation.

(2) To make a solid object into a plane, you need to cut off 1/2 or 2/3 to avoid accumulation. Before absorbing paper, it must be reshaped, that is, the branches, leaves, fruits and flowers of the specimen should be laid flat to avoid overlapping. Try to keep the specimen in a natural state and look beautiful. Some berries, tubers and tubers that are inconvenient to press should be preserved by soaking.

2. Suppression

(1) Spread some absorbent paper on the specimen rack, put the folded absorbent paper and plant specimens on it, open the folded absorbent paper before pressing, check and correct the position of flowers and leaves, and turn over some leaves and flowers for comprehensive observation. After straightening, fold the absorbent paper in half, put several layers of absorbent paper on it, and you can put another one. Add this layer by layer and put it together. Finally, tie the specimen tightly with thick rope, press it on a big stone weighing dozens of kilograms and put it in a ventilated place.

(2) When changing paper to dry the next day, the specimens must be carefully treated and sorted. The paper should be changed every five hours on the first day, twice a day on the second day and once every 24 hours after two days. Generally, plant specimens take 3 to 7 days. On the third day, after changing the paper, the pressure can also be increased (the splint of 250~300 specimens can apply a pressure of 125~ 150 kg). Under direct sunlight, water can evaporate quickly, which can prevent excessive discoloration or mildew. In rainy areas, dry the paper twice a day and bake it with low fire, and it can be dried in about 3~4 days.

3. Label the paper on the stage

(1) Put the dried specimen on the tablecloth, set the position and fix it. Attention should be paid to the scientificity and artistry of the specimen when fixing. Fixation can be done by sticking a strong thin paper strip or glass paper strip on the branches, then sticking both ends of the paper strip on the dining table paper, or cutting a small opening at the fixing place with a knife and sticking one end of the paper strip through the small opening on the back of the dining table paper. You can also nail the specimen to the surface paper with white cotton thread. Small plant specimens or specimens with soft branches can be coated with glue on the back of the specimens and pasted directly on the surface paper.

(2) After the table paper is used, put a label under the table paper. Finally, paste the specimen lining paper with the same size as the desktop paper on the upper edge of the desktop paper to protect the specimen.

Step four, save.

Wax leaf specimens should be classified and placed in specimen cabinets or specimen boxes, and mothballs should be placed between specimens to prevent moths. In spring and rainy season, the specimen should be placed in a ventilated and dry place to prevent the specimen from becoming moldy. If there is a specimen room, it is best to close the doors and windows in early spring and steam the formalin solution on an alcohol lamp for 3 days to prevent insect decay.

Identification of plant specimens

First, the identification principle.

1, when identifying plant specimens, we should use Flora of China, Flora of Provinces and Regions and Key Table of Higher Plants in China to identify families, genera and species of plants, consult descriptions and legends of species, consult original documents and check the type specimens of each plant, so that the identification will be more accurate.

2. The plant key table is a tool to identify plants. The key table is compiled by using the comparative method of plant morphology. According to the standards and characteristics of families, genera and species, a pair of plants with obviously different characteristics are selected and divided into two categories, and then the relative characteristics are found from each category, and then divided into two categories, and finally divided into families, genera and species. There are two common forms of retrieval table: fixed distance (dichotomy) retrieval and parallel retrieval.

3. Species is the basic unit of plant classification. The classification of plant species is mainly based on the morphological differences of plants, especially the morphological differences of flowers and fruits. This difference must be relatively stable and reliable in order to be different from the same kind. All taxa within a species are different in morphology, and the taxa isolated in distribution, ecology or season are subspecies; Where a species has morphological variation and the variation is relatively stable, its distribution range (or area) is smaller than that of the above subspecies.

Second, the identification of names.

1, the naming of plant specimen identification must follow international code of botanical nomenclature, which not only makes the naming method unified and correct, but also facilitates international communication. According to the law, each plant has only one legal scientific name, and other names can only be used as synonyms or discarded; The scientific name of each plant includes the generic name and species name, plus the nominator; If a plant has two or more scientific names, it should be named effectively according to the international priority law.

2. For the publication of new groups at or below the clan level, there must be a valid Latin description to take effect, and its naming method must be specified. The type specimen relates the scientific name of a species (or subspecies) with one or more selected plant specimens, which is called the type specimen and serves as the basis for publishing new species. The description of new species is mainly based on type specimens, so type specimens are very important for the identification of plant species and should usually be kept in the herbarium.

Third, the identification requirements

The identification of plant specimens should be done in detail. Some species are similar to their neighbors in appearance, but their chemical composition is different. They are not the same species and cannot be confused. For example, there are about 60 kinds of star anise, only one of which is called star anise, and its mature fruit is seasoning. Other species, especially weeds, have poisonous fruits. The homomorphism of Chinese herbal medicine is very complicated, which often affects the accuracy of medication. Plant specimens should be classified and identified and named correctly.