English name Rose
Latin name Rosa Rugosa
Plants are erect shrubs. Stems are overgrown with thorns. Odd-pinnate compound leaves alternate, with 5-9 leaflets, petiole 5-13cm, oval or oval, length1.5-4.5cm, width1-2.5cm, and sharp or obtuse apex. The bottom is round or wide wedge. The edge is sharply serrated, the upper part is hairless, dark green, the veins are sunken and wrinkled, the lower part is hairy and glandular, the petiole and leaf axis are fluffy, and the petiole and leaf axis are sparse and hairy; Stipules are mostly attached to the petiole, with glandular points on the edge; The spines at the base of the petiole are usually paired. Flowers are solitary or clustered in leaf axils, bracts are oval, with glandular hairs on the edges, pedicels are 5-25mm long, densely covered with villi and glandular hairs, and flowers are 4-5.5cm in diameter, with sparse hairs on the upper part and glandular hairs on the lower part; Corolla is bright, purple and fragrant; Pedicels have villi and glands. Rose fruit is oblate and red when it matures, with many achenes and persistent sepals.
Roses are called "roses" because of their prickly stems. Bai Juyi, a poet, has a saying that "the mud connects the calyx, and the rose thorns around the branches." Roses can extract high-grade perfume rose oil, which is more expensive than gold, so roses are called "golden flowers".
Appearance of dried product This product is the dried bud of rose in Rosaceae. In late spring and early summer, flowers will be picked in batches and dried at low temperature in time. Rose is a deciduous shrub in Rosaceae, with purplish red flowers and fragrant smell. Roses are cold and warm, and their buds are tender, smooth and moist. As early as the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was favored by court nobles. The biggest secret for Yang Guifei to keep her skin soft and shiny is that she is said to have soaked fresh rose buds for many years in the Huaqing pool where she bathed.
Dry product characteristics This product is slightly hemispherical or irregular, with a diameter of 1 ~ 2.5 cm. Receptacle hemispherical, connate with calyx base; Sepals 5, lanceolate, yellowish green or brownish green, puberulent; Petals are mostly shriveled, and after flattening, they are wide oval, banded, purple-red, and some yellow-brown; Stamens are numerous, yellowish brown. Light and crisp. The gas is sweet and bitter.
The sepal surface of this product has dense non-glandular hairs, single cell, multi-bending, length 136 ~ 680μ m, wall thickness and lignification. The head of glandular hair is multicellular, oblate, with a diameter of 64 ~ 180μ m, multiple rows of stalks and a length of 50 ~ 340μ m, and sometimes single cell branches can be seen at the base. The diameter of calcareous grass cluster is 9 ~ 25 μ m.
Sweet in nature, slightly bitter, warm in nature. Entering the liver and spleen meridians.
Function: It is mainly used for promoting qi circulation, relieving depression, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. Can be used for treating liver and stomach gas pain, anorexia, nausea, menoxenia and traumatic injury.
Usage and dosage: 1.5 ~ 6g.
Store in a cool and dry place.
The national flower rose is the national flower of Britain and America.
[Edit this paragraph] Interesting rose story
Someone pointed to a painting and asked Picasso, "What does your painting mean? Why don't I understand it at all? " Picasso replied, "Can you ask what roses really mean?"
Roses mean that you are the only one in my heart. Nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine roses represent that I love you forever.
[Edit this paragraph] Rose varieties
Rose, Rosaceae.
Rose originated in China and has a long history of cultivation. It is not only an excellent flowering shrub, but also an important perfume plant.
【 Morphological characteristics 】 Deciduous erect tufted shrub with gray-brown stems, dense bristles and barbs, pinnate compound leaves, 5-9 leaflets, oval to oval obovate, obtuse and serrated, thick and wrinkled, bright green at the top, gray-green at the bottom, pilose or spiny, and sparse spines and glandular hairs on petioles and leaf axes. Stipules are mostly connected with petioles and have fine serrations. Flowers solitary or 3-6 in clusters, 6-8 cm in diameter. Flowers are fragrant, densely hairy and prickly, petals are purple or white, single or double. Rose fruit is oblate and red, and the tablet lasts. The flowering period is from May to September, and the fruiting period is from September to June.
Common variants are:
Purple rose, f.typica flower, rose purple.
Red roses, roses, roses, red.
White roses have white flowers.
F.plena, a double purple rose, is a kind of rose-purple flower with double petals, rich fragrance and excellent quality, which is widely cultivated everywhere.
Double white rose, white flower, double.
At present, there are more than 100 varieties of roses, including white roses, red roses, blue roses, pink roses, light pink roses, yellow roses, double-color roses and so on. In fact, most roses are new varieties developed by improving several common roses.
There are not many original species of roses, but after cross breeding, at least 1.5 million species have been officially registered. According to the size of roses, they can be divided into four categories: big wheel, middle wheel, small wheel and rattan wheel.
Big wheel seed
At present, it is the largest variety of roses in the world, with large flowers, one per stem, representing peace Dior.
Intermediate rotating species
Widely used, the flower size is about 6 ~ 10 cm. The representative varieties are mahogany and Ciolina.
Small round race
Flowers are only about 1.5 ~ 2.5 cm, with small inflorescences and short plants, which can be used as small potted plants or flower beds for beautification. Representative varieties are Xiao Sunset and Shi Lina.
Tender species
It comes from the mating propagation of tendril rose or the variation of non-tendril rose, which can reach 4 ~ 6 cm high and has no climbing ability, so it is necessary to fix branches manually.
[Edit this paragraph] Distribution and habits
[Distribution] Originated in Liaoning, Shandong and other places, it has been cultivated and distributed all over the country, mainly in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong. Shandong Pingyin, Beijing Miao Feng Goujian, Henan Shangshui Zhoukou Town and Zhejiang Wuxing are all famous rose producing areas. It is cultivated in Korea, Japan, Europe and America.
[Habits] Chinese rose is a temperate tree species, which is cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, and has no strict requirements for soil. It can grow in slightly alkaline soil, and it is best to grow and bloom in neutral or slightly acidic light loam with rich humus and good drainage. It likes sunlight best, grows poorly in the shade, has few flowers, is intolerant of stagnant water, and its lower leaves will turn yellow when waterlogged, with strong germination and rapid growth.
Cultivation method
Roses like light, sunshine, cold and drought, so they don't need special anti-freezing protection in northern winter. It can grow as long as it is not dry and watered. The requirements for soil are not strict. Generally, fertile soil can grow vigorously, flourish and blossom well. Fertilize frequently in summer, 15~20 days, and water in time after fertilization to prevent seedlings from burning. Prune in autumn to prevent overgrowth and affect flowering and plant appearance. There are many aphids in roses, so we should pay attention to prevention and control.
The cultivation of roses is not strict with soil, medium alkaline or slightly alkaline soil is the most suitable, and slightly acidic soil can also be used. Therefore, roses should be planted in fields with sunny ventilation and good irrigation and drainage conditions, and in fertile loam on the edge of the land. Roses should avoid low-lying and waterlogged areas. When waterlogging occurs, the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off, and even the whole plant dies. The flower bud and germination of roses need an average temperature above 7 degrees, and the effective accumulated temperature from the initial stage of germination to the flowering stage needs 365 degrees, which generally depends on the temperature. Dry hot wind and soil drought are the most taboo in the rose period. For fields with water conservancy conditions, irrigation can be carried out in the bud period. Roses stop growing twice in the process of production and development (generally called summer sleep in June-July; 1 1-65438+ February is called hibernation), at this time, the branches do not grow and the branches do not elongate. The dormancy period in summer is the best pruning period for flower picking seedlings. When hibernating, base fertilizer and overwintering water can be applied to lay the foundation for stable and high yield of flower buds in the coming year.
[Edit this paragraph] Ecology and species
Roses originated in the east, but now they may have spread all over the world, mainly in temperate regions. There are 250 native species including Rosa davurica, while there are thousands of mixed species and varieties. At present, there are more than 30 varieties known as "fragrant roses", but only three of them are the "parents" of other roses, which are planted in large areas because of their delicate fragrance. The first is the red rose (R.gallica), which is the easiest to breed. It is native to the Caucasus and is usually called "French Rose", "Provinse Rose" or "Anatolian Rose". The second kind of old rose is R.centifolia, which originated in Persia and is often called "Provence Rose" or "IsPachan Rose". It is the descendant of red rose and the parent of Mosu rose and Sichuan rose. The third kind of old rose is R.damascena, which is native to Syria and smells fragrant. It is the most commonly used rose for distilling essential oil and has the most medicinal value.
[Edit this paragraph] The origin of roses
Since ancient times, roses have been loved by people because of their charming fragrance, beautiful flowers and bright colors. They were introduced to Europe very early. In the Middle Ages, Europeans used its medicinal value and planted it in the gardens of monasteries. In the18th century, ancient rose varieties were the most precious. 18 16, the first perennial hybrid rose-Duroi rose appeared, and then a variety of new roses appeared. Since before the French Revolution, the French have been distilling roses until today. At that time, the main purpose was to extract the world-famous rose pure dew, but the essential oil was a by-product. 1987 The world output of rose essential oil was 15 ~ 20 tons. Bulgaria was the largest producer at that time, while the United States was the main importer. Other countries producing essential oils are Turkish, French, Moroccan, Indian and China. Damascus rose is planted in Bulgaria, and its essential oil is extracted by distillation. Berger's rose essential oil is also Bulgarian rose. Petals contain the most oil, but stamens also contain some oil, which can be added to petals for extraction. France, on the other hand, uses volatile solvents to extract the raw materials of Chiba rose. 1888, Damascus rose was planted in Miltitz near Leipzig. It has been planted in Anatolia, Turkey since 1894. Today, there are many wineries to visit all over Turkey. Solvent extraction of essential oil in Bulgaria began in 1904, and this extraction method has become very common since then. Damascus roses are planted in many places in the Balkans, with a height of 300-800 meters. Many experts claim that this "soaring" rose essential oil is better than the roses on the flat ground. 193 1 year, Russia began to grow roses, especially in Crimea and Transcaucasia. A variety called Novinka can even survive in the harsh environment of ultra-low temperature. In just four to six weeks, Morocco distilled 4,000 to 5,000 tons of Damascus roses. With modern distillation, they can extract 150 tons a day, some of which are extracted by distillation and the rest by solvent.
The Romans used a lot of roses and sprinkled them from the roof when entertaining guests; Give roses to your favorite god; And wear roses to prevent drunkenness. Super Tappin's garden is famous for growing all kinds of roses, and his gardener is loved by the whole city. Virgil once described that Cupid asked heckert to paint his body with rose essence. Greeks also like to use roses. Homer praises roses in (Eliot) and (Odyssey). The ancient Egyptians used roses in religious ceremonies. Roses can still be seen on the side of the mummy in the grave.
At present, there are more than 100 varieties of roses, including white roses, red roses, blue roses, pink roses, light pink roses, yellow roses, double-color roses and so on. In fact, most roses are new varieties developed by improving several common roses.
Introduction of raw materials
Roses are the flowers of Rosa rugosa and Rosa rugosa. Rose and double petal rose belong to deciduous shrubs, which originated in northern China and are now cultivated all over the country. Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong have the most. Before the full flowering period in May-June, pick the fully developed but unopened flower buds and dry them in the shade with slow fire; Or put it in a paper bag after harvesting, store it in a lime jar, cover it, and replace it with new lime every rainy season.
Rose buds are oval, hemispherical or irregular, with a diameter of 1 ~ 2.5 cm, and the receptacle is pot-shaped or hemispherical, which is connected with the base of calyx. Sepals 5, lanceolate, yellowish brown or brownish green, puberulent on the inner surface, petals 5 or double, broadly ovate, crinkled, purplish red, a few yellowish brown. Stamens are numerous, yellowish brown, light and brittle. The aroma is rich and the taste is slightly bitter.
It is best to have large flower buds, complete petals, fresh purple color, no dew and rich aroma.
Nutritional analysis
Roses are rich in sweetness and are the main additives in some foods and cosmetics.
Related population
1. Suitable for patients with rough skin, anemia and weak constitution.
2. Yin deficiency does not get angry.
manufacture order
1. Make dessert, cook porridge and make drinks. At present, there are also a large number of dishes with roses as raw materials or accessories.
2. Treat qi stagnation, chest tightness and pain. 6 grams of roses, 6 grams of Cyperus rotundus, decocted in water.
3. Treat liver and stomach gas pain; Dry the roses in the shade, and use soup instead of tea clothes; To treat stomachache, take 9 grams of rose, 0/2 grams of Rhizoma Cyperi/kloc-,9 grams of Toosendan Fructus and 9 grams of Radix Paeoniae Alba, and decoct them in water.
food therapy
Roses are sweet and slightly bitter, slightly warm in nature, and enter the liver, spleen and stomach meridians;
Aromatic dispersion; Has the effects of soothing the liver, relieving depression, promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation.
Indications: Chest and diaphragm fullness, epigastric pain, hypochondriac pain, breast distension, irregular menstruation, leucorrhea with reddish discharge, diarrhea and dysentery, traumatic injury, wind arthralgia and carbuncle swelling.
Other related
Rose originally refers to the beautiful nacrite. It is purple in color and has many petals. It looks like a beautiful pearl, hence its name.
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Processing: take the original medicinal materials, remove impurities and stems, and sieve to remove ash. Stored in a dry container after processing, sealed and placed in a cool and dry place to prevent moisture.
[Edit this paragraph] The Legend of the Rose
After Russian Emperor Nicholas I ascended the throne in 1825, he sent a general to escort his mother Maria Fedoroff back to the imperial palace (now Pushkin City). Then the general went nearby and saw a sentry with a gun standing by the road, but the place he guarded was empty. The general was very surprised. He asked all the officials, but no one could make it clear, only that it was a rule of court etiquette. Later, he learned in St. Petersburg that the sentries in the Royal Garden had been set up for 50 years. The basis for setting up posts is a paper order to "set up a sentry at 500 steps outside the East Wing".
Every time the general comes to Huangcun, he must look at this mysterious sentry post, and courtiers and even the queen herself are very interested in it. The secret of setting up a post finally came out. It turned out that Queen Catherine II was the first to order the establishment of posts. In those days, the queen often walked in the garden. One day, she found a blooming rose, beautiful and moving, and wanted to leave it to one of her grandchildren. So she ordered a guard to be set up beside the flowers to avoid being picked by others. But the next day, she forgot all about it, and the sentry watched it year after year. After the queen's death, of course, the rose bushes had already withered, but the sentries kept rotating in the same place.
Long before roses appeared in Russian gardens, there were many colorful stories about roses around the world. Beautiful and touching legend.
The Rose of India
According to ancient Indian mythology, roses are noble in India, and even the law expressly stipulates that anyone who offers roses to the emperor has the right to ask the emperor for everything he wants. At that time, Brahmins of the highest caste decorated their temples with roses and sprinkled bright roses on the avenue where they sacrificed to the Lord God. In the decorations of the emperor's bedroom, there is also the brilliance of roses, so roses are the most popular tribute flowers.
Lakshmi is the goddess of beauty and happiness in Brahmanism and Hinduism, and is recognized as a peerless beauty. It is said that she was born as a rose bud consisting of 108 large petals and 1008 small petals. Vishnu, the sun god in the Vedas and the master of the universe, saw this charming beauty and immediately awakened her with a kiss and became his wife.
The Rose of Iran
The legend of rose in ancient Iran enveloped the whole East like a fog. Because ancient Iranian poets praised beautiful roses, ancient Iran became a paradise for growth and reproduction.
A Persian poet said that roses are a gift from God. Once all the plants came to ask God to appoint a new owner to replace the water lily, because the water lily forgot her responsibility as a master at night. At the request of plants, God appointed the white rose with self-defense weapons as the queen of plants.
The outer petals of some white roses are pink, which is also a beautiful story in Persian legend. It is said that the nightingale fell in love with the new high queen at first sight, and hugged the beautiful high queen selflessly. The sharp thorn pierced his heart at once, and deep red blood gushed from his chest, dyeing the rose petals red, so the outer petals of the white rose still retained the pink hue.
Persians' love and worship of roses also infected Turks, more precisely, all Muslims.
The Rose of Egypt
It is said that in 4 1 BC, Cleopatra, the beautiful queen of Egypt, conquered the suspicious Roman commander Marcus Antony with the magical power of rose petals. The story goes like this: in Roman custom, the small petals on the rose ring are sprinkled with wine at the banquet. Drinking this wine shows that you have deep respect for the person who sprinkled the petals. Anthony was wary of Cleopatra and worried that she would betray her, so he asked his attendants to taste all the delicious food on the table first. At that time, the queen ordered the poison to be sprinkled on the rose wreath. Anthony was drunk, made a solemn love oath to the queen, and then spilled the petals from her wreath into the glass. When he raised his glass, the queen snatched it from him and ordered the prisoner who was about to be executed to drink Anthony's wine. The prisoner was poisoned on the spot. Cleopatra said affectionately to Anthony, "Look, honey, I can live without you, and I can kill you easily …" Anthony was conquered.
Roses are in Greece
Greece, the center of ancient world civilization, also regarded roses as a gift from God. In the works of Greek poets, the appearance of roses renders beautiful mythical colors. According to the poet, the rose was created by the snow-white foam on Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty (Venus in Roman mythology), when she was born from the seawater foam. When the goddess saw the roses on her body, they were as beautiful as the goddess, so she was amazed and sprinkled nectar that could make people live forever. Nectar makes the rose fragrant, but it has not withered forever, which is the result of jealousy among some gods.
The origin of the red rose is a lingering legend in Greek mythology. Aphrodite's lover, God of Nature, and handsome man adonis were unfortunately injured by wild boar while hunting. When the goddess heard the news, she lost her mind and ran to the victim in adonis. On the way, the rose pricked her foot. Blood drops on the flowers, so the white rose becomes a red rose.
Ross is pronounced "Luo" in Latin. The origin of this name has a legend in Roman mythology: Flora has no feelings for Amur, the flower god, and has been avoiding him for a long time. One day, the cunning Cupid shot her with the arrow of love, and Flora fell in love with it from then on, but Amor loved the new and hated the old, and abandoned Flora. When the goddess was disappointed, she decided to create a flower that would cry and laugh, mixed with sadness and joy to masturbate. When the goddess saw her magical creation, she couldn't help shouting out the name of her beloved "eros" (this is what the Greeks call the goddess of love). But because of shyness and excitement, she called it "Luo" and left out "Er", so she named it "ROSE".
In addition to the colorful legends in mythology, the ancient Greeks also believed that roses had practical value. It is said that in the 5th century BC, Apathia, a famous geisha in Athens, had outstanding intelligence and moving colors. When she was a child, she had a wart on her cheek. Although she was treated by a famous doctor, it didn't work. Warts are destroying her beautiful appearance more and more, making her miserable. Fortunately, one day she dreamed that a beloved pigeon flew in from Aphrodite, and suggested that she collect withered petals on the forehead of the statue of the goddess (Greeks usually put roses on the goddess), make ointment, and apply it on the wart to cure it. Sure enough, Portia became the most gorgeous beauty in Greece and the wife of Pericles, a famous strategist and commander in chief in Athens.
Roses are in Italy
In Greece, the rose is a symbol of love and beauty among the gods, but it is used to express the joy and sadness of human beings on earth. When roses took root and propagated in Rome, they gained new functions and symbols. * * * During the Republic of China, roses embodied lofty morality and rewarded meritorious deeds; During the decline of Rome, it became the most evil symbol, and it was a luxury that ruined the rich and powerful. At that time, flowers were all over the sea. At a banquet of Emperor Helio Gabarra, in order to satisfy the tyrant to the greatest extent, rose petals fell from the ceiling, countless petals fell on diners, and many guests were buried in the flowers and suffocated.
There is even a special industry-rose ring weavers, and a unique rose exchange has been opened, with full-time brokers engaged in rose trading.
The attitude of the Romans towards roses influenced the early Christians in western Europe. At first, they regarded roses as a symbol of fornication and destruction. But with the passage of time, roses finally changed people's prejudice with their beauty and fragrance. Hundreds of years later, the priests forgot the role of roses in the decline of the Roman Empire and declared roses as the flowers of heaven.
A legend about the crucifixion of Jesus tells the story of the moss rose. When Jesus was crucified, the cross was dyed red with blood. The little angels collected blood in a golden jar, and a few drops of blood fell on the moss. Moss immediately absorbed these blood drops to prevent the blood of the savior from being desecrated. Gorgeous moss roses came to the world from now on, so that people will always remember the blood spilled by the savior for human sins.
[Edit this paragraph] Rose Flower Language
Can you give me a chance to accept the roses I sent you?
Take my roses. If you don't accept it, I will be very sad and my flowers will wither.
Can you give me a chance to date me tonight?
As long as you can accompany me, you can go anywhere. -Shen Baofeng
Roses symbolize love and sincere and pure love. People often regard them as tokens of love, and they are the first choice flowers between lovers. But different colors have different metaphorical meanings, so when sending flowers, you should distinguish the meanings of different colors clearly!
Red roses represent passionate true love; Flower language: I hope to have warm love with you (also on behalf of: warm love);
Yellow roses represent cherishing blessings, jealousy and lovelorn love; Flower language: enjoy the days with you (also means: apologize);
Purple roses represent romantic feelings and precious uniqueness;
White roses represent pure love; Flower language: our love is pure (also represents respect);
Black roses represent tenderness and sincerity; You are the devil and belong to me;
Orange roses represent friendship and youthful beauty; Flower language: a mysterious love for you (also stands for: shyness);
Blue Rose "Blue Demon Ji"; Stands for "pure love and kindness".
Pink rose flower language: like your bright smile (also on behalf of: first love);
Light green rose represents: eternal youth;
Champagne rose flower language: I only love you.
Rose (red+white): * * * Yes.
Rose (red+yellow): Happy.
1 rose stands for-I only have you in my heart!
Two roses represent-there are only two of us in this world!
Three roses stand for-I love you!
Four roses stand for-till death do us part!
Five roses represent-sincere thanks!
Six roses represent mutual respect, love and understanding!
Seven roses represent-I have a crush on you!
On behalf of eight roses-thank you for your concern, support and encouragement!
Nine roses represent dragons!
10 rose stands for perfection!
1 1 rose stands for-I only care about you the most!
12 rose stands for-my love for you is growing day by day!
13 rose stands for-friendship lasts forever!
14 roses represent pride!
15 rose stands for-I feel sorry for you!
16 roses represent changeable and restless love!
17 roses represent desperate and irreparable love!
18 rose stands for sincerity and frankness!
19 roses represent patience and expectation!
20 roses represent-I only have a sincere heart!
2 1 Rose stands for sincere love!
22 roses represent-good luck!
25 roses represent-I wish you happiness!
30 roses represent-Xinyi decree by destiny!
40 roses represent unswerving love!
50 roses represent-unexpected meeting!
99 roses represent forever!
100 rose stands for-100% love 100% love!
10 1 rose stands for the most ... favorite!
108 roses represent marriage!
144 rose language-love you forever
365 roses-I miss you every day
999 roses represent eternity.
100 1 rose-forever
Blue Rose's Flower Language "Blue Demon Ji"
Single-branch blue witch flower language: being together is a promise.
Two blue enchantress flowers: Meeting is a kind of fate.
Three blue enchantresses, Huayu: You are my deepest love,
[Edit this paragraph] The origin of the name of the rose
On the origin of the name of the rose, Shuowen said: "The rose is the beauty of stone, and the rose is the beauty of pearl"; There is also a saying in Sima Xiangru's Zi Xufu that "the stone is a red rose, a jade rose and a rose rose". Even after the rose became the name of the flower, China people did not have such a gentle explanation as westerners. Because there are sharp hedgehogs on the stems of roses, people in China regard them as "aristocrats" and call them "assassins". This "nobleness" of appreciation is very in line with the nature of roses. Mr. Chen Junyu, the only flower academician in China, said that roses are not delicate, but the requirements for growth conditions are very low, and they are barren, cold-resistant and drought-resistant. Many gardens even use climbing roses as flower fences directly, which is quite extensive in management. Roses are also good plants to protect soil and preserve water and soil. In addition, because of its fragrance and lingering fragrance, roses are also called "falling flowers"; Old Mu Yi withered with each new branch. If the new branch is moved, both will flourish, so it is also called "Li Nian Cao". Whether in The Assassin or Leaving Mother, Rose shows a peerless elegance hidden in tenacity, and is by no means a sad lady whose youth is perishable.
Pingyin rose has a long history of cultivation. According to historical records, it began in the Han Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,000 years. In the Tang Dynasty, sachets and sachets were made, and in the Ming Dynasty, flowers were used to make sauce, wine and tea. By the end of Qing dynasty, large-scale production had been formed. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the Continued Revision of Pingyin County Records contained: Zhi Zhu Ci said: "A thousand branches are born in a gap, just like red beans send acacia. Roses smell like the sea, just as the wine is ripe. " In the early years of the Republic of China, Pingyin County Records recorded: "In the flower picking season in the 23rd year of Guangxu (1907), merchants from Beijing, Tianjin, Xu and Hebei gathered in Pingyin to buy flowers, with an annual income of 300,000 Jin, worth 5,200 yuan." Pingyin rose was in its heyday during this period. Later, due to the war, pingyin rose was greatly reduced. By 1949, the annual output of roses was only 15000 kg. In recent years, the scale of rose planting in Pingyin County has been expanding. 1994 The rose planting area in the county is only 1000 mu, which has increased rapidly since 2000. By 2005, the rose planting area in the county reached 35,000 mu, covering 1 1 towns. Due to the continuous promotion of scientific management technology and high-yield varieties, the rose yield in Pingyin County has also increased significantly, with the yield per mu increasing from 100 kg in the past to 400 kg at present, with the highest yield exceeding 500 kg.