Do a good job in field management in time;
Planting technique
1. Plant spacing: Goldsun tree has moderate potential and can be planted closely. It is suggested that the planting branches in the field should be 3m×5m, with 44 plants per 667 square meters, or 3m×4m, with 55 plants per 667 square meters. It is 2m×4m in hilly areas, with 83 plants per 667m2, that is, 3m×4m. The row spacing of branches planted in protected areas is 1m×2m, with 330 plants per 667 square meters, or 0.8m×2m, with 4 16 plants per 667 square meters.
2. Pollination tree configuration: the self-pollination rate of Goldsun is low, and the cross-pollination rate is high. Therefore, the golden sun has a better yield effect when pollinating trees. Pollination trees should choose varieties with the same flowering period. The ratio of pollinated varieties to main cultivated varieties shall not be less than 1: 8.
3. Planting: When planting in the field, dig a planting pit with a length of 80cm and a width of 60cm. Dig a planting ditch with a width of 80 cm and a depth of 60 cm in the reserve. When digging a hole, you should separate raw soil from cooked soil. Apply 20 kilograms of organic fertilizer to each plant. When backfilling, fill in the mature soil first, and then fill in the raw soil. Pay attention to the spacing between the fertilizer and the planting belt as 15cm, so as to avoid burning the roots when they contact with the fertilizer. After backfilling, water, compact and flatten, and prepare for planting.
(2) plastic trimming
1. fixed stems: the height of fixed stems in the field plain is 70-80 cm, the hills are 60-70 cm, and the protected areas are 40-50 cm.
2. Tree shape: the field is cup-shaped or spindle-shaped, and the nature reserve is spindle-shaped or "Y"-shaped. Cup-shaped: the upper part of the trunk is adjacent to three main branches. The next six secondary side branches or 10- 12 tertiary side branches are divided into two branches. The main branch extends at an opening angle of 50 degrees, and the angle of the lateral branches growing outward on the main branch is greater than 60 degrees, and large, medium and small branches are cultivated on the main branch. This shape enlarges the fruiting area, appropriately reduces the pruning amount, improves the yield, and is easy to shape, but its disadvantages are many main branches and unstable structure. Spindle shape maintains the advantages of vertical stem and growth. The main branches of 65,438+00-65,438+05 are evenly distributed on the trunk, with the main branch spacing of about 20 cm and the main branch angle of 70-90 degrees. The lower main branches are longer and the upper main branches decrease in turn. All kinds of branches are born directly on the main branch, and the results are mainly short fruit branches and medium and short branches. Its advantages are few main branches, ventilation and light transmission, and convenient for the cultivation and renewal of branches. "Y" shape: the seedlings are not dry. At the height of 40-50 cm, the seedlings bend to one side at an angle of 60 degrees to form a "Y"-shaped main branch, and another "Y"-shaped main branch is forcibly grown at the bend. When pruning, the main branches are left, and the branches on the back are sparse.
3. Pruning: The main task of pruning is to cultivate backbone branches and fruiting branches at all levels and adjust the amount of flowers and fruits. The pruning of young trees is mainly to cultivate a solid high-yield skeleton and expand the crown rapidly. In addition, auxiliary branches are used to make it bear fruit early and stabilize the tree potential. Because of the large amount of flowers and high fruit setting rate, the amount of flowers should be adjusted by pruning to reduce consumption, concentrate nutrition and increase fruit size. When pruning the first fruit tree, the strong branches are 2/3, the medium branches are 1/2, and the weak branches are 1/3, and the extremely weak branches are heavy and short. Because the branches of European apricot trees bloom that year, it is necessary to prepare fruiting branches or cultivate fruiting branches by short pruning in a large space. The empty percentage of apricot trees is closely related to the light intensity. The flower waste rate of the inner branch with poor light is obviously higher than that of the outer branch with good light. Therefore, the task of tree pruning in full fruit stage is mainly to improve the light in the crown, maintain the crown structure and the fruiting ability of perennial branches, maintain moderate tree potential, adjust the relationship between growth and fruiting, and prevent the fruit from bearing in big and small years.
(iii) Other management.
1. Fertilizer and water management: Goldsun apricot trees bloom early and the fruit growth period is short, so special attention should be paid to the application of base fertilizer. Base fertilizer should be carried out in autumn, and the amount of fertilization should be 70~80% of the whole year. Base fertilizer: In September-65438+10, fully decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied with deep ploughing of soil, and 2000-3000 kg can be applied every 667 square meters, and water can be fully poured after application. If protective cultivation is carried out, the whole garden should be covered with plastic film before the shed is closed 1 month to increase the ground temperature.
2. Topdressing: quick-acting inorganic fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and topdressing is usually 3 times; (1) Pre-flowering fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, 0.25-0.5 kg per plant; (2) Expansive fertilizer, mainly compound fertilizer, 0.5- 1.0 kg per plant; (3) Fertilizing after harvest, supplemented by compound fertilizer, each plant is 0.25-0.5 kg.
3. Adding foliar fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer every 10 day/time.
4. Watering: Four key watering methods for apricot trees: water before flowering, hard core water, swollen water and frozen water. At the same time, the apricot garden pays attention to drainage.
5. Flower and fruit management: Golden Sun apricot has a short fruit growth period and a high fruit setting rate, so it is necessary to thin the fruit in time and increase the fruit size. Under normal circumstances, the spacing between fruits is 5-8 cm.
6. Pest control: focus on the control of aphids, apricot bees, apricot cone crustaceans, etc. Aphids: The key to control aphids is to spray chemicals before germination, that is, during the flower bud expansion period. At this stage, 4,000-5,000 times of imidacloprid solution can be used. After germination, 4,000-5,000 times of imidacloprid and 2,000-3,000 times of cypermethrin can kill aphids and treat almond bees. Aphids can be used to kill 1500 times solution after fruit setting. Spherical crustaceans: spray 50-80 times of oil emulsion before germination and in late May, and add 1500 times of Dilebon.
The above contents and suggestions are for reference only.