Analysis of Gleditsia sinensis planting prospect
First, Gleditsia sinensis has been in a state of self-destruction in history. The good landscape effect created by Gleditsia sinensis entering the city has doubled its identity. At present, the price of a Gleditsia sinensis tree with DBH 50㎝ in rural areas has exceeded 10,000 yuan, and the huge interest temptation has caused great damage to the original Gleditsia sinensis resources in rural areas and is on the verge of extinction.
Secondly, the artificial cultivation of Gleditsia sinensis has been going on for nearly ten years, and the earliest cultivated Gleditsia sinensis in Songxian County is about seven years. Compared with apple and other economic forest varieties with a long cultivation history, Gleditsia sinensis is in the initial stage in variety selection, seed collection, seedling raising, afforestation, pruning and pest control.
Third, the cultivation of Gleditsia sinensis in China is basically in the spontaneous state of the masses. Unlike apple, chestnut, ginkgo, citrus and other economic forests, there are often large-scale development plans and strong economic support policies of local governments, and the total planting amount is very small. Take Song County as an example, which village often has a beneficial Gleditsia sinensis tree, which can drive the development of a few villagers nearby. In addition, rural land is divided into three grades and nine grades, and the contracted land allocated to each household is too sporadic. Often, the area of a single piece of land contracted by a farmer is between 2 cents 1 mu, so if you want to plant Gleditsia sinensis on the land contracted by him, you should also consider the reaction of the surrounding neighbors.
Fourth, scientific and technological progress has further expanded the use and demand market of Gleditsia sinensis products. The thorn, fruit, seed and stem of Gleditsia sinensis have high utilization value, which is equivalent to pedaling several boats and has super anti-risk ability.
For example, Gleditsia sinensis used to be mainly used to treat carbuncle, sore, furuncle, tinea and fetal membrane retention. In recent years, Gleditsia sinensis, as the main traditional Chinese medicine for anti-cancer and cancer suppression, has magical clinical efficacy, remarkable effect and little side effects. It is one of the commonly used compatible herbs for treating breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and other cancers in traditional Chinese medicine.
At present, the shortage of commodities in the international market is high; Gleditsia sinensis and Gleditsia sinensis are rich in pancreatic soap and are natural raw materials for medicinal food, pepper protection, cosmetics and washing products. Gleditsia sinensis seeds can promote digestion and stimulate appetite, and contain a kind of plant gum (guar gum), which is an important strategic raw material and can be used to replace imports. The tender leaves of Gleditsia sinensis can also be eaten by people and used as feed for livestock; Gleditsia sinensis has become the new favorite of urban greening with its dense branches and leaves and tall and graceful posture. The good landscape effect created by Gleditsia sinensis trees entering the city has doubled its status.
Gleditsia sinensis It also has many other important and potential development and utilization values. Gleditsia sinensis It is a multi-functional eco-economic native tree species, which can be widely used to build windbreak and sand fixation forests, soil and water conservation forests, urban and rural scenic forests, industrial raw material forests, woody medicinal materials forests and so on.
Cultivation and management techniques of Gleditsia sinensis
1 cultivate strong seedlings
The propagation method of Gleditsia sinensis is seed propagation. Because the seed coat of Gleditsia sinensis is thick and hard and has poor water permeability, it is necessary to accelerate germination before planting to improve the germination rate of seeds.
1. 1 stratification treatment of seeds
Soak the seeds in water in late autumn and early winter, change the water 1 time every day, take them out and mix them with wet sand after 7 days, and then store them. During storage, pay attention to turning them frequently to balance the temperature and humidity.
1.2 seed soaking
Generally, 5 days before sowing, put the seeds of Gleditsia sinensis into a container, pour boiling water at 100℃ and stir until it is not hot, cover the container tightly, soak 1d, and then take out the swollen seeds floating on the surface for germination. The unexpanded seeds below continue to be soaked in the above method, and most of the seeds can be mixed with sand to accelerate germination after swelling.
1.3 Pregermination treatment
In the leeward and sunny place, the clean and high-temperature sterilized sand particles are laid flat for 2cm to make a sand bed, and the water content of the sand particles is about 65%. Spread the expanded seeds evenly on the sand bed, then spread a layer of loose sand with a thickness of 2 cm on the seeds to make a small arch shed with bamboo poles and plastic film. After the seeds germinate, they can be planted.
1.4 sowing
It is better to sow in spring, usually in early May. The sowing amount of 667m2 is about 200kg. Choose sandy loam with fertile soil, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and good drainage. Open 1.3m wide and high border, apply 3000~5000kg organic fertilizer as base fertilizer of 667m2, furrow, row spacing of 33cm, furrow depth of 8cm, then sow, plant spacing of 5cm, covering soil with thickness of 3~4cm.
1.5 seedling management
Keep the seedbed moist when seedlings emerge, loosen the soil gently in time, and don't turn over the soil to avoid damaging seeds and germs. When the seedlings grow to about 10cm, the seedlings are fixed, and the plant spacing is 10~ 15cm. According to the weather and seedling growth, human manure 100kg or urea 10kg should be applied every 667m2, and topdressing should be applied every half month 1 time, and topdressing should be stopped at the beginning of August to facilitate lignification of seedlings. At the same time, pay attention to the prevention and control of leaf pests. The height of seedlings in that year can reach 50~ 150cm, which can be used for afforestation. Or 0.5m in late autumn? Transplanting at a spacing of 0.5m, and afforestation after 2-3 years.
2 afforestation
2. 1 afforestation time
Trees can be planted in spring and autumn, but it is best to plant trees in autumn and winter.
2.2 Soil preparation
Before planting seedlings, we should carry out hole-like soil preparation according to the size of seedlings, and the specifications of holes are 30cm? 30cm？ 20cm or 60cm? 60cm？ 40 centimeters
2.3 density
Plant spacing 2m? 2 m、2 m？ 1.5m, 2m? 1m、 1.5 m？ 1 m、 1 m？ 1 m, according to their actual situation to determine the density. The higher the density, the higher the thorn quantity per unit area, and the better the economic benefit, but it is also more difficult to manage. After 3~5 years, the crown transition between trees can be considered, so as to ensure ventilation and light transmission in the forest, improve the yield and quality of Gleditsia sinensis, and facilitate the mechanized operation between rows.
2.4 planting
Before planting, properly trim the root system of seedlings. When planting? Three buries, two steps and one seedling? That is, when straightening the seedlings and burying the soil in the rhizosphere, gently lift the seedlings with your hands to lengthen the roots, and then step on them. After planting, pour the root water thoroughly and loosely cover it with a layer of soil.
3 Site management
3. 1 intertillage weeding
After transplanting Gleditsia sinensis seedlings, loosen the soil and weed in time on sunny days. Loose soil should be shallow but not deep, so as not to damage the root system of seedlings. Loosening topsoil and letting the sun shine in can increase the ground temperature and promote the root growth of seedlings. During seedling raising, intertillage weeding is carried out four times a year, in April, June, August and June, respectively, at 5438+00.
3.2 Fertilization
According to the soil nutrient status and tree species characteristics, the fertilizer should be selected reasonably, and the general ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3: 2: 1. Before planting, it is advisable to apply base fertilizer before topdressing, 3~4 times a year, mainly by furrow application and spreading application, and be careful not to be too close to the root system. Can be carried out simultaneously with intertillage weeding.
3.3 Plastic dressing
Pruning the branches of Gleditsia sinensis in the young tree period can make the structure and shape of the tree reasonable, adjust the growth and development of the branches and balance the tree potential, ensure ventilation and light transmission, and achieve the goal of early maturity, high yield, stable yield and high quality. Combined with plastic pruning, cutting off the top upright branches and the top autumn shoots in time can effectively improve the yield and quality of Gleditsia sinensis, thus increasing economic benefits.
At present, there are mainly high-Qian shape, middle-stem shape, low-stem shape and cluster-stem shape in production.
3.3. 1 Gao Qian shape. Stem height 150cm, with 3-4 main branches staggered on the trunk, which is 50? Inclination, the main branch is 80cm long. Select 3 left and right side branches on each main branch.
3.3.2 Dry shape. The dry height 100~ 130cm, the total number of cultivated main branches is 3~5, and about 3 lateral branches are selected from each main branch.
3.3.3 Low dry shape. The trunk is 60~80cm high, and the total number of cultivated main branches is 5~7. Select 3~4 lateral branches on each main branch.
3.3.4 Nerve plexus. There is basically no trunk, the trunk is fixed at 40cm, 3~5 main branches with good growth and suitable angle are cultivated, and an appropriate number of side branches are cultivated on the main branches.
3.4 Pest control
3.4. 1 afforestation control. Strengthen tending management and enhance the resilience of trees; When there are pests and diseases, it is necessary to prune them reasonably, remove the dead leaves damaged by pests and diseases in time, and reduce the source of pests and diseases; Intercropping peanuts, beans, medicinal herbs and other low-growing economic plants can increase biodiversity and achieve the purpose of controlling pests and diseases.
3.4.2 Drug control. The main pests of Gleditsia sinensis are Gleditsia sinensis and Gleditsia sinensis, which can be controlled by spraying dichlorvos 1200 times. The main diseases of Gleditsia sinensis include anthracnose, damping off, powdery mildew, brown spot and so on. 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture can be sprayed during the onset of anthracnose, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be sprayed 800 times during the onset of damping off, powdery mildew and brown spot.