Grapes can be planted in Zhoushan with a flying bird frame. The height of the flying bird frame is 1.35 meters, the first layer is 2-25 cm away from the second layer, and the second layer is 4 cm away from the cement column. As a result, the long shoots of the mother branches are mainly pruned, and the new branches are extended to the second layer to be tied with iron wires, and the branches will be flat and not drooping when they are extended. A branch is bound only once in summer, and trimmed only once in winter. Because there is not much wire interference, the operation saves labor, worry and money.

grape bird-shaped frame facility planting technology

1 facility planting under rain

according to the production purpose, grape facility planting can be divided into promoting planting, delaying planting, shelter planting, hail prevention planting and so on. According to the types of facilities, it can be divided into simple mulching planting, plastic greenhouse planting and greenhouse planting. Generally, steel pipe greenhouses, simple greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses are used for shelter planting in our facilities. The practice shows that the cultivation of southern grapes with rain shelter facilities can effectively control the light, humidity and temperature, and obviously reduce the pests and diseases, especially the black pox, downy mildew, brown spot, bees, rats and birds, which spread by wind and rain and have a great impact on grape production, and greatly reduce the number and amount of pesticides used. At present, we only need to spray pesticides for 5 ~ 8 times in a growing period to ensure the grapes to ripen, and 2 yuan can be saved and 3 workers can be employed every 667m2. At the same time, planting grapes in rain shelter facilities can also improve fruit setting rate and yield, reduce fruit cracking and improve fruit quality. Many varieties of Eurasian grapes that are not resistant to diseases can be successfully planted in southern China, thus optimizing the variety structure and fruit quality of southern grapes and achieving ecological, high-quality and efficient planting effects.

1.1 facility construction

grape trellis (taking steel pipes and simple greenhouses as examples) generally takes furrow as the unit, and an arched rain shelter is built above the trellis, and the gap between the rain shelters corresponds to the furrow. When it rains, the rain on the rain shelter drips into the furrow, which is beneficial to drainage and water storage and temperature regulation at high temperature. The bottom of the arched rain shelter is 2m high from the surface of the grape trellis, and the top is 1 ~ 1.2m high from the surface of the grape trellis. The arch of the steel pipe greenhouse is made by professional manufacturers according to the specifications, and the arch of the simple greenhouse is made of bamboo, which is then fixed on the frame column with iron wire. The frame column stands in the center of the border, and the algae membrane is covered on the arch, and the algae membrane is fixed with nylon rope and fine iron wire.

1.2 film covering and film uncovering

It is best to use .8mm high-temperature resistant and high-strength film for the rain cover film, which can be used continuously for 2 years. The film covering time is better on the eve of germination after spraying sodium pentachlorophenol in villous stage, which can prevent the occurrence of black pox. The time of uncovering the film depends on the specific situation, and it is generally appropriate before the fruit is colored.

1.3 Temperature and humidity control during film-covering period

1.3.1 Film-covering till germination. 5 days before film mulching, water is poured, and small water is poured after film mulching to improve the humidity. It generally takes 18-25 days after film mulching to sprout. In the first 5 days, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 15-2℃ and gradually increased to 28-32℃, and the maximum temperature is controlled within 35℃, which shall not be exceeded, so as to avoid flower buds from being harmed, and the humidity in the greenhouse is kept above 9%.

1.3.2 germination to before flowering. Immediately after germination begins, cover with plastic film to reduce humidity and keep warm, and control the greenhouse temperature at 25 ~ 28℃ and humidity at 8%. In rainy days, open the shed for ventilation every day to reduce humidity and prevent diseases, and open the shed at night on sunny days. If the sun shines on the first day after rain, uncover the film as early as possible in the morning for ventilation, and control the temperature at 2 ~ 24℃. If the temperature is too high, it will cause leaf burns, branch dehydration and inflorescence bud falling.

1.3.3 flowering to fruit setting. The temperature is controlled at 3 ~ 32℃, the humidity is controlled at 6%, and the temperature after fruit setting is controlled at 25 ~ 28℃, and the skirt film is removed in time, and it is converted into rain-proof planting. If the temperature is too high, the top edge film is uncovered.

2 bird-shaped trellis planting

In the past, grape trellis in Yunhe County was generally dominated by three modes, namely trellis, double cross and fence trellis. Although these traditional frames have many advantages, they also have their disadvantages, such as insufficient light utilization, unsatisfactory air permeability, easy to cause diseases, and vines are easy to be strong on the top and weak on the bottom, which affects the yield and quality. In order to overcome the above disadvantages, Yunhe County introduced and popularized the bird-shaped frame planting technology.

2.1 framework materials

1 column, 1 beam, 2 layers of ***6 wires. The main column can be made of cement pole or corrosion-resistant wood, with a height of 3cm and a thickness of 1cm×1cm. 1 beam per column, 15cm long, the thickness depends on the situation, based on the principle of durability; It is better to use size 8 ~ 1 for iron wire.

2.2 Buried column

One column is erected at a distance of 4m, and 6 columns can be buried in 667m2, with a burial depth of 6cm.

2.3 crossbeams

A crossbeam is erected on the column 13cm away from the topsoil. The crossbeam is 2m long and fastened with iron wire. It is best to pass through the middle of the column.

2.4 wire pulling

The first layer begins to be pulled at the position 11cm from the ground of the column, bypassing the column to form two wires on the left and right, and then four wires are pulled at intervals of 5cm on the cross beam, and two wires on the left and right sides of the column.

2.5 buried vines

after erection, when cutting grapes in winter, all the mother vines can be placed above the two iron wires on the left and right sides of the column, and when new branches grow in the next year, they can grow along the iron wires on both sides of the beam.

2.6 remarkable results

The biggest feature of this frame is that there are obvious ventilation zones, light zones and fruit zones from each grape to the whole garden, which is not only beautiful in appearance but also beneficial. First, the photosynthetic intensity is enhanced, and the branches and vines receive light evenly; The second is to improve the germination ability, and the branches and vines left are generally 6 nodes, and each node can obtain good growth conditions; Third, improve ventilation transparency and reduce pests and diseases; Fourth, it is beneficial to planned production, and at the same time saves a lot of management labor and scaffolding materials, which is simple, labor-saving and easy to manage. The application of this frame can not only save the material cost by 2 ~ 3 yuan /667m2 compared with the double cross type, but also save two labors, and achieve the effects of early fruiting, high yield and high quality.