In the past, Old Qingyun Street was very narrow, three or four meters wide, with a two-story building and a partition wall on both sides. The building on the west side of the street faces the river, and a washbasin can often be seen at home. This kind of family used to be related to board houses, wine and grocery stores, with storefronts facing east and gathering wealth; The back door is near the river, and the freight is like a stream. At the northern end of Qingyun Street, in Gong Yuan (now Hangzhou Senior High School), the imperial examination was conducted very early, and the name of Qingyun Street is expected to get ahead and reach the top.
There will be 440 spring and autumn periods from the third year of Shunshun tomorrow (1459) to the "Reform Movement of 1898" in Qing Dynasty. In addition to the war, every autumn in the lunar calendar, Jinshi in the province will come to Hangzhou, the provincial capital, to take the provincial examination. After obtaining the provincial exam, winning the list means that candidates can go to Beijing to take the exam. The triennial college entrance examination will remind us of the crowded "single-plank bridge" in life.
"After three years of market test, the shops on Deng Yunqiao opened together", not to mention "red rain hat with cloth bag oil, purple sand basin with bamboo basket and copper pot", all of which must be shipped to Gong Yuan for test. Just say that the inn was really crowded. Students carrying schoolbags and baskets wander back and forth in narrow streets, making it difficult to feel sleepy. "The bench is just too stingy for the host. Most of the guests come to sit on the edge of the bed." Foreign scholars have no friends, and there are many people holding books under the eaves until dawn. Once you catch a cold, you will lose your reputation in Sun Shan, you will be sad and unhappy, and some of you will die when you return to your hometown.
According to the etiquette of the Qing court, only the capital could build a "guild hall" at that time, and juren from all over the country had to stay here during the trial. Students can only live in a "room" when they go to the provincial capital after passing the provincial examination. According to local records, in the Qing Dynasty, after the Taiping Army withdrew, all the shops and houses in Qingyun Street from Dayingmen to the west were burned to the ground. The students who took the exam that year, "there is no way to stop. In heavy rain, they often run on the road and find a place to rest."
In the 11th year of Tongzhi (1872), through the efforts and fund-raising of Fan Yue, an official of Yinxian County in Hangzhou, Yinxian County first built a library in the provincial capital. At that time, the government had not standardized this, and the squire of Yinxian county used the "policy" to name it "Yinxian Guild Hall". There are many rich people in eleven provinces in Zhejiang, but in Hang Cheng, Yinxian was the first to build a house for students who took the exam. Later, cities in the province followed the example of Yinxian and built buildings in the province, but they could not be called "guild halls" but only "examination halls".
Yinxian Guild Hall was built under Gongyuan East Bridge, with a stone lane in front of Longwen Lane. The house faces south, with four entrances and more than 20 rooms. After that, anyone who came to Yinxian to "try it" and was willing to live in the guild hall, rich or poor, was assigned beds and settled down in order. If it is full, those who arrive later will find another place to live, and they shall not be forced (preempted). "This is also the rule of the provincial capital later. Candidates come to stay for free. All the poor people provide free meals, and whether they win the lottery or not, they will get a gift of "Cheng Yi" (travel expenses) when they return home.
Achievements of a rural peasant woman in Xiangshan Hall of Longwen Lane
In the early years of Guangxu, Chen, a scholar in Xiangshan, came back from the provincial capital to catch the exam, and told his wife about the suffering in the provincial capital: the apartment could not be rented out, and there was no room, so he could only lie on the narrow road in the bleak autumn wind, and his wife Chen Kongshi could not help but feel sad. Three years later, Chen bowed his head again and embarked on the road of having obtained the provincial examination. Chen Kongshi, eager for success, once again welcomed the man back. This time, Chen not only failed the list, but also suffered from cold in Hang Cheng and died soon.
Chen Kongshi, a young man who lost her husband, was heartbroken and made up his mind to build a house for Xiangshan candidates in the provincial capital. It's hard to imagine this now. A peasant woman with little feet actually bounced back and forth between Yinxian and the provincial capital, and finally built a "63-room guild hall" and "all the utensils in the museum" in Longwen Lane. All the expenses shall be borne by Chen Kongshi alone, and the cost is "five thousand nine hundred and sixty-two taels of silver". Song Jun, the governor of Zhejiang Province at that time, was very moved and wrote a letter to the emperor. After Emperor Guangxu read the letter, Zhu Pi said, "Please take a picture, and the ceremony department knows." Xiangshan Temple is probably the only one in Hang Cheng approved by Emperor Guangxu.
Xiangshan Hall is located at No.34 Longwen Lane. In the spring of 2008, a native Mr. Lou Mingjie drew a sketch for me. More than 30 years ago, the pattern of No.34 Longwen Lane was a big wall door, facing south. Enter a patio, facing a row of bedrooms, with an open passage in the middle. Through the passage, it is a large patio, facing a row of early main halls. There are passages on both sides of the main hall, and there are ten rooms on both sides of the passage. The guest room has two rows of beds, about 10, for candidates to live in. The backyard of the guest room is a vegetable field and a pond. The scale of this painting seems to be much smaller than the 63 rooms in Kong. Perhaps, the vegetable field used to be a building.
Xiangshan Hall, like other examination rooms, still came to Hangzhou as a guest house as a native of the county after the abolition of the imperial examination. Lou Ming Jie heard from the old man that Yin Fu lived in this museum in the 1920s. Yin Fu, formerly known as Xu Xiaojie, was born in Xiangshan. He is one of the five famous martyrs of the Left League. He died on February 7th at the age of 2 193 1.
Longwen Lane is located in the middle of the existing triangle between Dangxiang Lane and Xinhua Road, showing an east-west trend and then turning south. Like Wenxing Lane, the place names that candidates placed their best wishes in the imperial examination era have all disappeared now, and they have been replaced by a common place name of fifteen families.
Xinhua Road Fenghua Club Chiang Kai-shek Climbing the Wall
Sun Qiang, the investor of Fenghua Guild Hall, is Chiang Kai-shek's uncle. My sister is the original wife of Chiang Kai-shek's father Chiang Kai-shek.
Yu Pingbo's great-grandfather, Yu Yue, was a famous master of Chinese studies in the late Qing Dynasty. At the request of Sun Qiang, he wrote an inscription for "Fenghua Trial Museum". "Ji" said: "Zhejiang style will be the first in Ningbo." Those Ningbo students go to the provincial capital for the exam, first through Cao 'e River and then through Qiantang River. This is a very dangerous thing before 150. The journey was difficult, but when I came to the provincial capital, I was "living without a fixed place, leaving my bank", until Sun Qiang became the main investor, bought eight acres of land in "Three Plans for Peace in Renhe County" and built the Fenghua Trial Museum in three years.
"Three Pictures of Peace in Renhe County" is the area around No.222 Xinhua Road, which was called "No.30 before Daying" in the early years. In his memoirs, Zhou talked about the Fenghua Guild Hall in the 1950s: "There are halls at the entrance, five bungalows on the east and west sides, and two rooms in the East Room at No.8 Yaoping Lane; The West Room is located at No.30 in front of Daying, with three bungalows. In the backward northeast corner, there is also a plum tree bamboo garden built against the wall, which is not small. " Zhou Gaolao said that in 19 16, when Yuan Shikai was president, Zhejiang Governor Zhu Rui arrested revolutionaries. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek was under Chen. After Chen was killed, Chiang had been hiding in Fenghua Examination Hall. One day, the museum was suddenly raided, and the army and police came in through the front door. Chiang Kai-shek heard the news and entered Houzhu Garden, climbed the old plum tree and fled over the wall.
Fenghua test museum has since become a guest house for Fenghua citizens. 1932, Fenghua Travel & Hangzhou Club was established in Fenghua Trial Hall, renamed Fenghua Club. Zhou Shigao's father, Zhou, used to be in charge of the guild hall. 1946 In March, Chiang Kai-shek returned to Hangzhou for the first time after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. He first went to the plum blossom monument of the provincial government. While speaking, he suddenly proposed to go to Fenghua Hall the next day. At that time, Zhou, the health chief of Hangzhou Municipal Health Bureau, immediately informed to arrange a sanitary cleaning of the clubhouse. Unexpectedly, the next morning, Chiang Kai-shek arrived without pomp. At that time, only two workers, Chen and Chen, were waiting for the reception. Chiang Kai-shek stood in the hall as soon as he entered the door, bowed to the portrait of Sun Qiang on the main wall, and then walked around the museum. Jiang asked two workers, "Is Zhou still in charge here?" Wang Weiqing replied, "Yes, now Manager Zhou lives in front of Xueya 1 1. Do you want to call him? " Jiang said, "OK, call him." After that, Jiang came to the plum tree in the bamboo garden and stood for a long time without saying a word. By the time Zhou arrived at Fenghua Hall, Chiang Kai-shek had already left.
In his memoirs, Zhou also talked about the annual Qingming activities of Fenghua Guild Hall: "As long as you are in Fenghua, Hangzhou, you can participate. The guild hall chartered a boat by the lake, went ashore by boat at the crane pavilion in Lixi Lake, and set up an altar for sacrifice in Lin Hejing Chu Shi Cemetery. The president will read the eulogy, visit for a week after the sacrifice, have lunch outside the building and take photos as a souvenir. All expenses shall be borne by the guild hall. " Lin Hejing was born in Fenghua, which is also the origin of Fenghua Club Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Get rid of the governor
Kaiyuan rd baqi club