1 Introduction Architecture is an important field of energy consumption and environmental pollution. Building energy-saving, land-saving, water-saving and material-saving are important contents of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, adjusting economic structure and changing economic growth mode, as well as an important way to ensure national energy and food security and an important measure to build a conservation-oriented society. Therefore, in the future design work, effective energy-saving and environmental protection design should be carried out again in a limited space, so that the whole design can realize the organism of combining art, technology and economy, gradually improve the functionality and safety of buildings, and reduce the consumption of building materials and environmental pollution. 2. Environmental protection and energy-saving design concept in architectural design 2. 1 Fully understand the design connotation. Designers should fully realize that design is not only for the good-looking and beautiful buildings, but also for the noble and luxurious carriers. But to truly become a material embodiment of serving the people, solving their practical difficulties and making their lives more comfortable and harmonious. It should reflect a most natural, flexible and casual way of life. Its fundamental significance lies in the practicality of architecture, so environmental protection and energy-saving design should advocate moderate, moderate and limited values. Any design that deviates from this goal is to seek fish from the edge of the tree and abandon the roots to the end. 2.2 Advocating a simple and quiet environment is conducive to keeping a clear head and improving the quality of life, while excessive decoration and glitz are equivalent to excessive indulgence and mental pollution, so the simple design meets the needs of the development of modern society. However, simple design cannot be equated with simple design or no design. The masonry is omitted and redundant, and the necessary trade-off design is reserved. It is based on the principle of sufficiency and practicality, and obtains aesthetic feeling through the moderate utilization of limited resources and materials, the texture of materials, exquisite technical structure and perfect detail treatment. Simple lines, simple shapes, pure materials and a smart sense of space are its soul, which is different from additive design and pays attention to practical results. 2.3 localization localization design not only refers to the localization of external expressions, but also includes the localization of materials, furnishings and decoration, space treatment, indoor environment and so on. We should highlight the beauty of simple regional characteristics, pay attention to local materials, adjust measures to local conditions, maximize the use of local regional resources, and create an architectural environment suitable for local people's lives. We should try to add as little foreign decoration as possible or deliberately seek novelty, novelty and expensive so-called architectural characteristics. 2.4 Subtraction design is the most commonly used addition design in architectural design, especially in decoration design. In this design concept, the design often loses its sense of proportion because it involves too many elements, adding redundant structure and decoration, while the subtraction design removes unnecessary objects through trade-offs, making the building and internal environment relaxed and comfortable. It mainly deals with a single space interface with less materials. Soft design method is adopted to deal with space, avoiding non-functional structure and decoration, and measures such as paying attention to the blank and purity of indoor space are taken to reflect environmental protection and energy saving. The ultimate goal is to achieve the unity of use and beauty through the least materials and resources. 3. Environmental protection and energy-saving building design measures 3. 1 Exterior wall energy saving is very important for any building, such as efficient and economical insulation materials and advanced construction technology. There are two kinds of wall insulation, internal and external. External wall insulation is widely used because of its advantages of convenient construction, no external climate erosion, avoiding thermal bridge, reducing condensation inside insulation materials, increasing indoor use area, unlimited indoor secondary decoration and equipment installation. At the same time, the research shows that the building insulation effect of external wall insulation is twice that of traditional houses, which can save heat energy to a great extent. 3.2 The exterior window is the most energy-consuming point in the building envelope. If it is not handled properly, it will become the loss channel of hot in winter and cold in summer, causing energy waste and increasing expenses. In recent years, the materials used for exterior windows have developed from single-layer glass to coated glass and hollow double-layer glass, which has enhanced its thermal insulation performance, greatly reduced the temperature difference between the glass surface and indoor air, reduced the indoor heating load, saved the heating cost, and greatly improved its light transmittance. In order to save wood and enhance fire resistance and durability, more and more alloys and composite materials such as aluminum alloy and plastic steel have been used for outer window frames this year. At the same time, in order to improve the thermal insulation performance of alloy window frames, with the application of insulating glass, profiles with thermal insulation bridges were invented, which brought great changes to reducing building energy consumption and improving indoor comfort. 3.3 To realize building energy saving, Ming Chef and Wei Ming should first consider maximizing the use of natural lighting. Natural lighting can not only improve indoor comfort, but also greatly save electricity. For example, arranging bedrooms, kitchens, bathrooms and other rooms around the building plane can not only eliminate the darkroom phenomenon, but also minimize the number of rooms facing north, so that all rooms can enjoy the sunshine. The living room is located in the south, which can not only effectively use the heat obtained by sunshine in winter, but also reduce the radiant heat in summer and reduce the building energy consumption. 3.4 Fresh air energy saving With the enhancement of thermal insulation and sealing of building envelope, the input of indoor fresh air and the trend of dirty air have become a new topic for designers. At present, the downward ventilation system sends out fresh air from the ground wall and exhausts dirty air from the roof. After contacting with the heat source of the human body, it will rise to the respiratory organs such as the nose and mouth with the human body, thus ensuring the human body to breathe fresh air. At the same time, because the gas exhaled by the human body is the gas with the highest indoor temperature, it will gradually rise from the respiratory organs and enter the exhaust port to avoid the mixing of fresh and turbid air. In addition, the system uses the cold and hot of exhaust gas to exchange heat with fresh air sent indoors, which reduces the energy consumption of fresh air treatment. 3.5 Ground Insulation Simple insulation treatment is carried out on the ground. For example, laying a layer of insulation board before the surface decoration of the ground can not only play the role of personal insulation and even noise prevention, but also play the role of energy storage and temperature regulation floor. There are shape-setting phase change materials in it, which can store the sunlight energy during the day in winter and release it at night, which can improve the indoor temperature and save energy to a certain extent. 3.6 Soft Design Soft design refers to the use of technical and artistic design techniques, which is relative to the hard design using material means. The technique often used in soft design is to explore and develop the potential of conventional materials, so that their texture can achieve special performance effects and enrich space effects. It mainly focuses on the application of design technology and the potential and characteristics of design elements. For example, in changing the spatial image, soft-fitting design can change the spatial image through different lighting and colors, rather than relying on modeling and furnishings to achieve this goal. 3.7 Zero material cost decoration This design concept means that the materials used in the decoration process are not from the building materials market, but from non-toxic and harmless domestic and industrial wastes. Because of the low cost of this kind of material, the cost can tend to zero, which is not only a magical decoration design, but also an energy-saving and environmental-friendly way to recycle resources reasonably. The biggest difference from the conventional method is that it is designed according to the found materials, rather than the conventional method of designing first and then buying materials. Therefore, designers need to break away from conventional methods to be creative, develop and explore the characteristics of materials, and realize their artistic and personalized use. Because this design method has the characteristics of green environmental protection, ecological energy saving and sustainable development, it should be the development direction of decoration design in the future. Conclusion Compared with conventional buildings, environmental protection and energy-saving buildings will produce good results not only in environmental benefits, but also in economic and social benefits, which is the development trend of the future society and has great development potential. The environmental protection and energy saving of buildings in the future should be realized from the perspectives of health, water saving, electricity saving and recycling.
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