Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Ligustrum lucidum in Oleaceae, also known as Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, Ilex pubescens, Fraxinus mandshurica, Jatropha curcas, wax tree, common tree and so on. Originated in China, it is widely distributed in the Yangtze River valley and the south, and also cultivated in North China and Northwest China. It can withstand the low temperature of-10℃, and is a native tree species widely used in landscaping. \
Legend is the name of a woman in the ancient state of Lu. Because of its "lush frost, vibration Keling wind, and the virgin longed for its name, or tree in Yuntang, or planted in terraced fields", it was named. Xu Sima, the capital of Zhejiang Province in the Ming Dynasty, ordered Hangzhou citizens to plant privet trees in front of their doors.
Morphological characteristics are generally about 6 meters high. Leaf leather is crisp, oval, broadly oval, ovoid or ovoid-lanceolate, 6- 12 cm long and hairless. Spike length12-20cm. Drupe is oblong, purple-blue, and about 65438 0 cm long. An evergreen tree with an oval crown. The bark is gray-green, smooth and not cracked. Branches spread out, smooth and hairless. The single leaf is opposite, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, the apex is acuminate, the base is wedge-shaped or nearly round, the whole leaf is dark green, shiny, hairless, and the back is light green and leathery. Flowering from June to July, with white flowers and terminal panicles. Berry drupe is nearly kidney-shaped, 10- 1 1. The fruit is ripe and dark blue when ripe.
Edit the physiological characteristics of this paragraph
Ligustrum lucidum has good cold resistance, water and humidity resistance, warm and humid climate, light and shade resistance. It is a deep-rooted tree species with well-developed fibrous roots, fast growth, strong germination, pruning resistance, but not barren resistance. Strong ability to resist air pollution, strong ability to resist sulfur dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen fluoride and lead vapor, and high dust and smoke pollution. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it is suitable for cultivation in sandy loam or clay loam, and can also grow in red and yellow loam. The climate requirement is not strict, and it can withstand the low temperature of-12℃, but it is suitable for planting in wet, leeward and sunny places, especially in deep, fertile soil with high humus content.
Distribution of Ligustrum lucidum: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Sichuan.
Ligustrum lucidum is very sensitive to highly toxic mercury vapor. Once smoked, leaves, stems, corollas, pedicels and buds will turn brown or black, and in severe cases, leaves and buds will fall off. Ligustrum lucidum can also absorb toxic hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and chlorine.
Edit the variety classification of this paragraph.
Ligustrum lucidum (Ligustrum lucidum/Holly)
For evergreen shrubs or trees, the bark is grayish brown and smooth. The leaves are 8- 12 cm long, leathery and shiny, and they are rare evergreen broad-leaved trees in temperate regions. The trunk is upright or the secondary and tertiary branches extend together, and the branches spread obliquely to form a wide oval crown. It can be planted as a street tree, resistant to pruning and usually used as a hedge. Wood is good and used for joinery. Fruit contains starch, which can be used for making wine and as a tonic. Leaves can treat stomatitis and pharyngitis; Bark grinding can treat burns and so on. Treat rheumatism by soaking rhizome with wine. Ligustrum lucidum likes light, warmth and shade, but it is not afraid of cold. It grows rapidly in slightly acidic soil and can also grow in neutral and slightly alkaline soil. Strong germination and wide adaptability. It has the functions of dust retention and smoke resistance, can absorb sulfur dioxide, and is suitable for factories, mines and urban greening. It is one of the rare evergreen broad-leaved trees in the north.
Flowers bisexual, panicles terminal. Flowering in July, fruit ripening 10- 1 1. Berries are oval, purple and black, and seeds are obovate. When the fruit is ripe, it won't fall by itself. You can cut the ear with pruning shears, stroke the ear, soak it in water, rub off the peel and cool it a little. The 1000-grain weight of Ligustrum lucidum seeds is about 36 grams, with 27,000 seeds per kilogram, and the germination rate is 50-70%. Seeds mixed with sand can be stored wet at low temperature or stored in slurry at low temperature.
Ligustrum lucidum (Ligustrum lucidum base/Ligustrum lucidum search/Dafeng Ligustrum lucidum base)
Deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub with scattered branches and pubescent branchlets. Leaves are thin leathery, oval to obovate-oblong, hairless, blunt at the top, wedge-shaped at the base, entire, and slightly rolled outward at the edge; Petiole pubescent. Tapered tidbits; The flowers are white, fragrant and sessile, and the corolla lobes are as long as the tube; Anthers beyond corolla lobes. Drupe oval, purple-black. The flowering period is July-August.
Ligustrum lucidum (Ligustrum lucidum/Ligustrum lucidum/Ligustrum lucidum)
Ligustrum lucidum. It is a hybrid of Ligustrum lucidum. In Phnom Penh, California and privet Ait. In Europe, the height is 2 ~ 3m, and the crown width is1.5 ~ 2m. The leaves of Ligustrum lucidum are slightly smaller than those of Ligustrum lucidum, with single opposite leaves, ovoid or ovoid, 2 ~ 5 cm long. Flowering in June and fruiting in 65438+ 10. Drupe oval, purple-black. Golden leaf Ligustrum lucidum leaves are golden in color, especially in spring and autumn. Ligustrum lucidum with golden leaves likes light, has poor shade tolerance, moderate cold tolerance, strong adaptability and low requirements for soil, and loose and fertile sandy loam with good air permeability is the best. It can be used for the combination of characters or patterns in greening squares, and can also be used for the decoration of small courtyards.
Privet (Ligustrum lucidum)
Small evergreen tree with opposite leaves, slightly hairy branchlets, ovoid leaves, ovoid to ovoid leaves, thin leathery leaves, very similar to Ligustrum lucidum, with strong germination ability, rapid growth and vigorous growth. Its new buds and young leaves are purplish red, which is bright and dazzling against the old leaves. If pruned several times, the new branches will be dense, and the whole crown will be purple, which will be more beautiful and moving among the green plants. After winter, the whole plant is purple-black, which is more conspicuous among all things.
glossy privet
Deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub with scattered branches and pubescent branchlets. Leaves are thin leathery, oval to obovate-oblong, hairless, blunt at the top, wedge-shaped at the base, entire, and slightly rolled outward at the edge; Petiole pubescent. Tapered tidbits; The flowers are white, fragrant and sessile, and the corolla lobes are as long as the tube; Anthers beyond corolla lobes. Drupe oval, purple-black. The flowering period is July-August.
Like sunshine, it is not strict with soil, strong in sex, strong in germination and resistant to pruning, and grows best in deep, fertile and well-drained soil.
glossy privet
It is distributed in the high mountain area of Luo Xiao Mountain at an altitude of 65,438+0,500 meters. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree, 5-7 meters high, with purplish red branchlets and pedicels, oval leaves, 6-8 cm long, 3-4 cm wide and light purplish red. Terminal panicle, 6-8 cm long. The fruit is oval, drupe-shaped, and has a seed. It blooms in May and bears fruit in August, and the branches are covered with red fruits, which will last until 10. This variety has strong adaptability, fast growth, high germination rate, pruning resistance and low temperature of -20-22℃. It can be cultivated in the open field with good microclimate in Beijing and can resist sulfur dioxide, chlorine and hydrogen peroxide. It grows normally in alkaline soil with PH value of 8-9. glossy privet
Edit the chemical composition of this paragraph.
It contains ligustilide, oleuropein, oleanolic acid, 4- hydroxy -B- phenylethyl -B-D- glucoside, betulin, etc.
The fruit contains oleanolic acid, acetyl oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, acetyl ursolic acid acetate, p-hydroxyphenyl ethanol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (3, 4- dihydrophenanthrol), β-sitosterol (β-sitosterol), mannitol (mannitol), racemic eriodictyol, D-taxifolin, quercetin, ligustrazine, 10- hydroxy ligustrazine, ligustrazine, oleuropein, 10- hydroxy oleuropein and p-hydroxyphenylethyl. It also contains 1 1 elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, iron, manganese, copper, nickel, chromium and silver, among which copper, iron, zinc, manganese, chromium and nickel are essential trace elements for human body.
Ligustrum lucidum leaves contain oleanolic acid, p-hydroxyphenyl ethanol, cosmossin, luteolin -7- glucoside, syringin and ursolic acid.
Edit the propagation method of this paragraph.
Ligustrum lucidum can be cultivated by sowing and cutting.
sow seeds
Choose loam, sandy loam and light clay with sunny lee, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage and thick plough layer as sowing sites. After applying the base fertilizer, you should plow deeply and rake the land to make it flat. Manure is the main base fertilizer, and more application is beneficial to raise ground temperature, keep moisture and promote seeds to absorb water and grow early. To prevent underground pests, 400-500ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate (or methyl isofenphos) is used per mu, and 3kg of fine soil is added to mix well. Before turning over the ground, it should be evenly spread on the surface, buried in the soil when preparing the soil, and the bed surface should be flat.
In North China, the late of 165438+ 10 to the middle of February of 65438+ is the seed collection period, and the trees with strong tree potential, good tree posture and strong stress resistance are selected as the seed collection mother trees. In sunny afternoons, select seeds with high maturity, full seeds and no pests and diseases, and then put them in a cool and ventilated place to dry in the shade to avoid sun exposure. Sowing immediately after harvest has high germination rate. You can also remove the peel, dry in the shade and wet sand layer, and sow in the next spring. Or stored in the sun, soaked in hot water from the end of March to the beginning of April in the following spring, taken out and placed in a humid place for 4-5 days, and then sown.
Winter sowing generally does not need to accelerate germination before freezing. After thawing in spring sowing, the effect of accelerating germination is remarkable. In order to break the dormancy of Ligustrum lucidum seeds, the seeds were soaked in 550ppm gibberellin solution for 48 hours before sowing, and the water was changed 65438 0 times a day, and then they were taken out and dried. Let it stand for 3 to 5 days, then soak it in water at 25℃ to 30℃ 10 to 15 days to accelerate germination, and be sure to change the water every day.
The sowing method is mainly broadcast, and the sowing amount per mu is 100-200 kg. For example, the sowing amount per mu is 20-50 kg, the row spacing is 20-30 cm, and the ditching depth is about 0.5 cm, so it is appropriate to bury seeds. Scatter the seeds into the ditch evenly, then cover the sowing ditch with fine soil with a thickness of 1cm, and then cover it with wheat bran or sawdust with a thickness of 1cm ~ 2cm to preserve moisture. Sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are better after sowing, so as to prevent plastic film and seeds from being washed away when flooding irrigation. Future irrigation depends on soil moisture.
Cutting propagation method
Branches growing in spring were cut in June 5438+065438+1October, buried in the cellar, and cuttings were taken out in March of the following spring. The cuttings are 25 cm long and 0.3-0.4 cm thick, with flat upper end and inclined lower end, and 1-2 leaves are left on the upper part. They are inserted into the soil by mud method, about half buried, and the row spacing between plants is 20 -30 cm. Rooting takes place about 2 months after transplanting, and the seedling speed in that year is 70-90 cm. You can also cut it in August-September, but it is best to cut it in spring, and you can move it separately in March of the following spring.
floor
The battens from March to April can take root and sprout in the dog days, and then move separately in the next spring.
Edit the practice point of this paragraph.
Ligustrum lucidum likes light and is also resistant to shade. Cold-tolerant, able to overwinter in Yanling open field. Tree species have deep roots, developed roots, strong tiller germination and pruning resistance. It has strong adaptability, requires half water content, grows fast in moist and fertile slightly acidic soil, and can also adapt to neutral and slightly alkaline soil. Strong resistance to sulfur dioxide and soot.
Transplanted Ligustrum lucidum is easy to survive and can be planted in spring and autumn, especially in spring. When planting or transporting, small seedlings can be dipped in mud at the roots, and large seedlings must be transplanted with soil balls, and watered steadily after planting. Trimming and shaping can be done in March every year, and some uneven redundant branches can be cut off in other seasons to keep the crown intact.
Main pests and diseases
Diseases include rust and damping off.
Edit this piece of plastic trimming
1. When transplanting in the nursery, the trunk should be cut short 1/3. Only one robust bud can be selected under the incision to make it develop into a trunk extension branch; The opposite bud must be removed. In order to prevent competing branches from appearing at the top, the cut 1 ~ 2 pairs of buds should be destroyed at the same time.
2. Before planting and pruning, cut off 1/3 of the central trunk 1 annual extension branch of the big seedling, cut off buds to keep strong buds, and at the same time remove1buds of the first pair of buds cut off below to ensure the advantages of selecting and keeping buds. In order to prevent the top from competing for branches, the second and third pairs of axillary buds under the incision should be destroyed. For other branches located in the lower and middle part of the central trunk, 3 ~ 4 branches should be selected (based on the height of the trunk), with certain intervals and scattered branches. Each main branch should be cut short, with buds left, and the upper buds peeled off to enlarge the crown and keep the crown ventilated and transparent. The remaining twigs can be released slowly without cutting to support the growth of the trunk.
Summer pruning is mainly the competition branch of the main branch on the short central trunk, and its growth potential can be weakened continuously. At the same time, the sprouting branches on the trunk and roots should also be cut off.
In the winter of the second year, the extension branches of the central trunk should still be cut short, but the direction of bud retention is opposite to that of the first year. If there are competitive branches in the upper part of the central trunk, they should be retracted or cut short in time to weaken the growth potential. As long as it is pruned properly in the first year, in addition to an extended branch at the top, several branches can be planted at the lower part. Choose 1 to two branches that are staggered from the main branches selected in the first year as the second layer main branches and prune them appropriately. The winter pruning in the third year should be similar to that in previous years, but because the tree grows taller, several main branches at the lower part of the trunk should be thinned by 1 2 every year to gradually increase the height under the branches.
3. Let these trees be pruned. For Ligustrum lucidum seedlings that have been neglected in pruning management for many years and have no obvious extension branches in the central trunk, a branch with a straight growth position should be selected as the extension branch of the trunk, and at the same time 1 bud in the opposite bud under the cutting mouth and two pairs of buds below it should be stripped or destroyed. The remaining robust main branches should be thinned out according to their positions and strengths, or short-cut measures with corresponding strengths should be taken to inhibit their growth and promote their growth. At the same time, we should choose the branches with appropriate positions as the main branches (pay attention to the appropriate spacing and scattered distribution) for short cutting, and the short cutting should be shortened from bottom to top, so as to make the crown bigger and smaller. After pruning for 3 ~ 5 years, the trunk is high enough to stop pruning and let it grow naturally.
The application value of editing this paragraph
Garden use
Ligustrum lucidum is a common ornamental tree species in gardens, which can be planted alone or in clusters in the courtyard, and can also be used as a street tree. Because of its strong adaptability, fast growth and pruning resistance, it is also used as a hedge. Generally, it can be molded after 3 ~ 4 years to achieve the isolation effect. It is easy to sow, propagate and raise seedlings, and can also be used as rootstock to graft and propagate osmanthus fragrans, clove and colorful leaf plant Ligustrum lucidum.
Medicinal use of Ligustrum lucidum leaves
The leaves of Ligustrum lucidum are opposite, leathery, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 ~ 14 cm long and 3.5 ~ 6 cm wide, with sharp apex, round base and dark green and shiny top. Flowers are small, fragrant, densely clustered into terminal panicles, with a length of12 ~ 20 cm; Drupe oval, slightly curved, purple-blue when mature, with white powder. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from August to 65438+February. After soaking Ligustrum lucidum leaves for 24 hours, aromatic wintergreen oil can be distilled and extracted, which is often added to candy and toothpaste. Holly oil is easily absorbed by the skin. It has astringent, diuretic and excitatory effects, and can be used to treat muscle pain.
Medicinal value of Ligustrum lucidum
At the same time, Ligustrum lucidum also has medicinal value. Ripe fruits are harvested and dried or blanched in hot water and then dried. Chinese medicine is called Ligustrum lucidum. The weight of 1000 grains is about 36 grams, with 27,000 grains per kilogram, and the germination rate is 50-70%. Cool in nature and bitter in taste, it can nourish liver and kidney, improve eyesight and blacken hair. Indications: dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, blurred vision, tinnitus and deafness, premature gray hair and loose teeth.
Edit the cultural background of this paragraph.
Materia Medica Classic: Ligustrum lucidum, with a turbid smell, enters the kidney to clear away heat and replenish essence. If the kidney is filled, the five internal organs will know for themselves, and the body will be fat and healthy after all diseases. Its main tonic is based on its sweet and sweet taste, so it can supplement China people. This medicine has the function of whitening and improving eyesight, which needs repeated experiments, but it is not in the classics, which is also lacking.
Materia Medica: Ligustrum lucidum is solid in blood, which is beneficial to blood, while qi is superior to glory ... from kidney to lung, and yin essence is superior to upper and lower, not only moustache, but also various prescriptions. Ligustrum lucidum and Guben Jianyang Pill still have abdominal pain, so it is considered that its fruit is cold, rare and warm, and it is not observed much.
The new edition of materia medica: Ligustrum lucidum, which is commonly used by people. However, its strength is very small, and it can be used as medicine to tonify deficiency, but it is not convenient to drink soup to benefit oneself. It is used together with Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Fructus Lycii, Nanzhuang, Radix Ophiopogonis, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Ecliptae Herba, Sesame, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Mulberry, Eggplant, Eucommiae Cortex and Atractylodis Rhizoma. However, it is also a pill that needs to be tested, so it should not be blamed for its near success. Ligustrum lucidum is effective if it is slow, but ineffective if it is fast, so the speed of use can't win for a while, but it can last forever and be used properly.
Gui Xin miscellaneous knowledge: Ligustrum lucidum is white wax, which was not recorded before winning the country (referring to the Yuan Dynasty).
Ben Feng Jingyuan: Ligustrum lucidum belongs to pure yin, tastes cold and slippery, and is taken by people with deficiency of spleen and stomach, who often eat less and have diarrhea.
Classic: holly is the main indication. Under the wrong taste, later generations mistakenly think that Ligustrum lucidum has the function of tonifying the middle energizer and calming the five internal organs, which leads to many misuse and is particularly serious.
Chongqing materia medica: eliminating qi and blood, stopping qi and relieving pain. Treat the disease before it happens, cough and leucorrhea.
Classic: the main tonic, five internal organs, spirit, in addition to all diseases. Taking fat for a long time is healthy.
"Herbal Meng": black hair and beard, strong muscles and strength, take more blood to dispel wind.
Outline: strong yin, strong waist and knees, and good eyesight.
Herbal classics: cooling blood and benefiting blood.
Materia Medica Zheng Zheng: Nourishing Yin Qi, calming yin fire, relieving hot bone steaming, stopping sweating and quenching thirst, stranguria, metrorrhagia, hematochezia, hematuria, vulvar sores, hemorrhoids and pain leakage. It can also clear liver and purge fire, improve eyesight and stop tears.
Outline: dispel wind and disperse blood, reduce swelling and relieve pain. Treat the leader's dull pain, all kinds of malignant sores are swollen and toxic, choose sores to fester, boil them in water for a long time, stick them while they are hot, change them frequently, and cook them in rice vinegar. The tongue is sore, swollen, soaked with juice and vomited.
Guizhou folk prescription and drug collection: external application can stop bleeding, reduce inflammation and swelling, and treat soup fire injury. Oral administration can relieve cough and vomit blood.
Materia Medica: Nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, benefiting qi and soothing the liver. Treat lumbago and leg pain, dredge meridians and promote blood circulation.
Records of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine: Treating the Old People's Fecal Deficiency.
Li Shizhen described Ligustrum lucidum in Compendium of Materia Medica: "This wood is fragrant with holly and has virtue of chastity, so it looks like Ligustrum lucidum." According to legend, during the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was a member of Lin 'an Prefecture in Jiangsu and Zhejiang (now Hangzhou) with only one daughter under his knee. She is 28 years old, dignified in appearance, graceful and moving, and proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting. Members are regarded as the apple of their eyes, and the pursuers are endless, and the ladies don't agree. But I was eager to get promoted and get rich, so I betrothed my daughter to the county magistrate to honor my ancestors. I didn't know that Mr. W's daughter made a private life-long engagement with a government teacher, but she looked down on those playboys. On the wedding day, she swallowed her anger and ran into the boudoir, expressing her determination not to marry the teacher. The teacher heard that the young lady's double suicide was like a bolt from the blue, depression became a disease, tea and rice did not think about it, and in a few days, she faded and her hair turned white.
There is also Liu Suola's "Ligustrum lucidum soup", which is of practical significance: "Ligustrum lucidum soup" is the secret recipe of the old gentleman, and now few people in the world will use it. Yin and yang are born in meridians, and taking a dose of soup at noon can instantly kill the vitality of new life. This medicine can kill the heart of the woman Tiger and Leopard, soften her sharp teeth and claws, dispel the fierce light in her eyes, and absorb her powerful spirit, thus shaping a lady and beauty, ensuring your husband and wife harmony and family safety.
Pharmacological effects of editing this paragraph
glossy privet
Reducing blood lipid and resisting arteriosclerosis
Feeding Ligustrum lucidum coarse powder (20g/ kg) into the diet can reduce the contents of serum cholesterol and triglyceride in experimental hyperlipidemia rabbits, and reduce the formation of aortic lipid plaque and coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Each kilogram of Ligustrum lucidum contains 30 mg of oleanolic acid. Mixing it with drinks and feeding it to rats, and giving 0.5ml of 0.4% oleanolic acid suspension to rabbits by gavage can reduce blood lipid in hyperlipidemia rats and rabbits. Adding 30 mg/kg and 60mg/kg oleanolic acid to Japanese quail for 8 weeks significantly reduced the contents of serum total cholesterol, lipid peroxide and arterial wall total cholesterol, and reduced the incidence of atherosclerosis.
Hyperglycemia
Subcutaneous injection of oleanolic acid (50,100 mg/kg) for 7 days can reduce the blood sugar of normal mice, prevent and treat diabetes caused by alloxan, and also antagonize the increase of blood sugar caused by adrenaline or glucose.
Anti-liver injury
Subcutaneous injection of 30,50,0 100 mg/kg oleanolic acid can inhibit the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats, and subcutaneous injection of 50,0 100 mg/kg oleanolic acid can also reduce SGPT in rats without carbon tetrachloride treatment. 70mg/kg subcutaneous injection of oleanolic acid can alleviate the liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride. Histologically, the vacuolar degeneration, loose degeneration, necrosis and interstitial inflammation of hepatocytes are lighter than those of the corresponding control group. Oleanolic acid (2mg/ rat) injected subcutaneously for 6-9 weeks has preventive and therapeutic effects on liver cirrhosis in rats caused by high-fat food and carbon tetrachloride. Electron microscopic observation showed that subcutaneous injection of oleanolic acid (20mg/ rat) could reduce mitochondrial swelling and endoplasmic reticulum vesicle degeneration of hepatocytes.
Increase the number of peripheral white blood cells
Ligustrum lucidum can significantly increase the number of white blood cells in peripheral blood, and its effective component is oleanolic acid. The alcohol extract can restore cyclophosphamide (cy)-induced leukopenia in mice. Steamed Ligustrum lucidum at 480mg/kg had no effect on white blood cells of normal mice, but it could correct the decrease of white blood cells caused by prednisolone (25mg/kg, ip).
Effect on phagocytosis of reticuloendothelial system
The activity of macrophages was observed by the clearance rate of blood foreign bodies. It was found that 240mg/kgx5d of Ligustrum lucidum could significantly increase the clearance index of carbon particles in iv mice and enhance the activity of reticuloendothelial system. Ligustrum lucidum 480mg/kg, the effect is not obvious. Ligustrum lucidum decoction (12.5g/kgx7d) had no obvious effect on the clearance index, but 25g/kgx7d obviously inhibited the phagocytosis of reticuloendothelial system.
Effect on cellular immune function
Ligustrum lucidum can obviously improve the function of T lymphocytes. Water extract of Ligustrum lucidum. 0.02ml significantly enhanced the proliferation of lymphocytes induced by PHA, COA and PWM in vitro, and also significantly enhanced the local graft-versus-host reaction (GUH) induced by heterogenous (human) lymphocytes in rats, which may be partly achieved by eliminating or weakening inhibitory T cells. Ligustrum lucidum polysaccharides (LLPS) can enhance the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes stimulated by ConA: the incorporation value (CPM) of 3H-TdR is 10 mg/kg, which is about 65438 higher than that of the control group (17959 4508). Ligustrum lucidum decoction can promote delayed hypersensitivity induced by SRBC. It shows that Ligustrum lucidum can enhance cellular immune function. Oleanolic acid 40mg, three times a day, 1-2 months, can improve the immune function of tumor patients, and the phagocytosis of macrophages and the rosette formation of blood lymphocytes are obviously improved by skin bubble method.
Effect on humoral immune function
Ligustrum lucidum can enhance humoral immunity. Ligustrum lucidum decoction ig 12.5 ~ 25g/kg can increase the weight of thymus and spleen in rats for 7 days. Large dose can increase the weight of spleen in adult rats. Steaming Ligustrum lucidum at 240mg/kg and 480 mg/kg for 7 days can obviously increase the weight of spleen, thymus, abdominal lymph nodes and adrenal gland in C57BL mice. Ligustrum lucidum polysaccharide injection 1 time per day, 100mg/kg for 7 consecutive days increased the spleen weight of LACA mice by about 40%, and 50mg/kg increased the spleen weight of mice by about 30%. Ligustrum lucidum decoction can obviously improve the activity of serum hemolysin antibody in mice, and also increase the content of serum IgG in normal mice, which can resist the immunosuppressive effect of Cy. Steamed Ligustrum lucidum can obviously resist the immunosuppressive effect of prednisolone, increase the serum IgG of mice and increase the IgG content of prednisolone immunosuppressed mice, which obviously suggests the memory of albumin antibody activity in mice. Ligustrum lucidum polysaccharide has a low inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation in tumor-bearing mice (S 180) induced by Cy50mg/kgip, while Ligustrum lucidum polysaccharide has an obvious inhibitory effect on Cy.
Allergic reaction inhibition
Ligustrum lucidum decoction 12.5, 25g/kgig was administered to mice for 7 days. The same dose of 5dig rats and different doses of Ligustrum lucidum have obvious inhibitory effects on passive skin allergic reaction (PCA) in mice or rats. Ligustrum lucidum decoction can reduce the degranulation percentage of mast cells in rat skull membrane and resist the increase of capillary permeability of rat skin caused by histamine. Administration of antigen before challenge can inhibit contact dermatitis caused by DNCB in mice. Administration of 25g/kg of Ligustrum lucidum after antigen challenge can also significantly inhibit the skin contact process caused by DNCB in mice. Reduce active and reverse passive arthritis reaction in rats; 20g/kg Ligustrum lucidum can significantly reduce the total complement in serum of guinea pigs. It shows that Ligustrum lucidum has obvious inhibitory effect on type ⅰ, ⅱ and ⅳ allergic reactions.
anti-inflammatory action
Various experimental inflammatory models were used to prove that Ligustrum lucidum has anti-inflammatory effect. 12.5g/kg, 25g/kg ig daily, for 5 days, has obvious inhibitory effects on mouse auricle swelling caused by xylene, increase of capillary permeability in mouse abdominal cavity caused by acetic acid, swelling of rat foot pad caused by carrageenan, egg white and formaldehyde. 20g/kg×3 days ig Ligustrum lucidum can significantly reduce the release of PGE in inflammatory tissues of rats; 20g /kg×7 days of Ligustrum lucidum can inhibit the proliferation of cotton ball granulation tissue in rats, accompanied by the increase of adrenal gland weight.
Its anti-inflammatory mechanism may involve the following aspects:
1. Activate the pituitary-adrenal cortex system and promote the release of corticosteroids;
2. Inhibit the synthesis or release of PGE. In addition, Ligustrum lucidum can reduce the serum complement activity of guinea pigs and resist the increase of skin capillary permeability caused by histamine, so the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Ligustrum lucidum may also include the above effects.
Anti-cancer and anti-mutation oleanolic acid has anti-tumor effect on mouse sarcoma-180.
Oral Ligustrum lucidum decoction (12.5, 25g/kg) and subcutaneous injection of oleanolic acid (50, 100mg/kg) significantly inhibited the increase of micronucleus rate in bone marrow of mice caused by cyclophosphamide and urethane.
Effect on endocrine system
Studies have shown that there are both estrogen-like substances and androgen-like substances in Ligustrum lucidum. By radioimmunoassay, Ligustrum lucidum contains 428.438 0pg/g of testosterone and 65438 039.02pg/g of estradiol, which proves that Ligustrum lucidum has both testosterone-like and estradiol-like hormone analogues, that is, the same drug has two-way regulation effect. Ligustrum lucidum and other traditional Chinese medicines have estrogen-like effects on vaginal mucosa of weak mice. The number of large follicles in the ovaries of rabbits in the medication group increased significantly, and estrogen increased.
Effect on hematopoietic system
Ligustrum lucidum can promote erythropoiesis. Ligustrum lucidum can promote the growth of CFU-E The CFU E/5×l4 is 128.6 1 1.4, and the CFU E/ femur is 62040 5450. The CFU-E of femur was significantly higher than that of normal saline group, while the CFU-D was significantly lower. Morphological analysis of mouse bone marrow cells showed that the percentage of erythroid cells in Ligustrum lucidum group was 47.3 2.99 higher than that in NS 37.3±2.86 group, and the percentage of granuloid cells was 37.6 3.96 lower than that in NS group 46.6 6.26, and the ratio of granuloid cells to erythroid cells also changed.
Protective effects of cyclophosphamide and urethane on chromosome damage
Micronucleus test showed that the water decoction of Ligustrum lucidum was toxic to mice. Pol 2.5g/kg 25.0g/(kg d) × 6, oleanolic acid ih50mg/kg,100mg/(kg d) × 7 were effective for cyclophosphamide IP 50mg/(kg d) × 2 and urethane 500mg/(kg d).
Anti-HpD photochlorination
Ligustrum lucidum has the anti-photooxidation effect of HpD, and its application in vivo can obviously reduce the skin photosensitive reaction of HpD to mice. Ligustrum lucidum 60mg crude drug /ml can obviously reduce the increase of erythrocyte malondialdehyde content caused by HpD5ug/ml combined with 10min irradiation, and the inhibition rate is 57.7%, which obviously resists the inhibition of erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase activity, and the inhibition rate is 49. O%。 When it was 120mg/ml, the inhibition rate was 53.3%, and the mouse IPHPD20 was 20. The efficiency of producing 1O2 in Ligustrum lucidum is 3.5× 10-4 times lower than that in the control group.
Other functions
Ligustrum lucidum also has cardiovascular system functions such as strengthening the heart, dilating coronary blood vessels and dilating peripheral blood vessels. Diuretic, antitussive, laxative and antibacterial effects. Oleanolic acid has a certain cardiotonic diuretic effect; Mannitol has a slowing effect; It also contains a lot of glucose; These may be related to its strong effect.
Edit this folklore.
The legend of Ligustrum lucidum
Once upon a time, there was a kind girl named Zhenzi who married an honest farmer. Both of them lost their parents, shared the same fate and lived a very loving life. Less than three months after the marriage, the husband was taken to be a soldier, leaving Zhen Zi crying and pleading, and the husband was forcibly taken away step by step. It has been three years since my husband left, and I haven't heard from him. Sadako cried all day, expecting her husband to come back soon. But one day, a soldier from the same village fled back with bad news of her husband's death. Sadako fainted at once. After the villagers saved her, she still tried to die without eating or drinking for several days. Finally, a second sister next door comforted her, saying that the letter she sent might not be true, which made her barely survive, but the blow made her thin body weaker. After half a year, she finally fell ill.
Before she died, Zhenzi opened her eyes, took the second sister's hand and said, "Good sister, I have no parents or children. Please do something for me. " Second sister nodded tearfully. "After I die, I will plant a holly in front of my grave. In case he comes back alive, this tree proves my unchanging heart. " After her death, the second sister did as she said. A few years later, Holly flourished.
Sure enough, one day, Sadako's husband came back. The second sister told the story of Zhenzi before she died and took him to the grave. He threw himself on the grave and cried for three days and nights, and his tears were all over the holly tree. Since then, he has a fever and dizziness due to excessive sadness.
Strangely, perhaps because of tears, the holly tree in front of Zhenzi's grave soon bloomed and produced many fruits as big as beans. The villagers were surprised that the tree could blossom and bear fruit, and there were many discussions. Some people say that trees can become immortals, and people who eat fruit can also become immortals; Some say that Zhen Zi became an immortal after her death and so on. Zhenzi's husband was really moved: "If I eat the fruit and become a fairy, I can still see my beloved wife." So he picked the fruit and ate it, but after eating it for a few days, he didn't become an immortal or see Zhenzi, but his illness gradually improved.
In this way, people discovered the medicinal value of Ilex. People have planted seeds and named them "Ligustrum lucidum" for nourishing yin and benefiting liver and kidney.
One said it was the name of a woman in the guru. Because of its "lush frost, vibration Keling wind, and the virgin longed for its name, or tree in Yuntang, or planted in terraced fields", it was named. Xu Sima, the capital of Zhejiang Province in the Ming Dynasty, ordered Hangzhou citizens to plant privet trees in front of their doors.