Because of the need for the senior math teacher in primary school to be promoted to the first-class physics teacher in middle school, I gave an open class-simple circuit in the first quarter of chapter 13 of ninth grade physics in Zhangxinzhen Middle School on the morning of September 20 1 14. This section is not much and boring. In order to attract students, I changed the conventional teaching methods, boldly carried out reform and innovation, and received unexpected results. Below I will briefly analyze the teaching process of this course, and encourage everyone, please give me more advice, in order to better promote my future teaching work.
First, prepare lessons carefully, learn more about students, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and make feasible teaching plans.
Before class, in order to better understand the students, I took the initiative to ask Mr. Zhang, the head teacher, to understand the general situation of the class, talk with the students and listen to several classes in advance, so as to better understand the students and fully understand the overall situation of the class. Contact with students, remember their names, understand their personality characteristics, so as to grasp the learning situation, call their names in class, feel the attention of teachers, narrow the distance between teachers and students, eliminate barriers, facilitate communication, communicate after class, and track the development trend. Prepare lessons carefully, understand the spirit of the syllabus, study textbooks and teaching methods in depth, conscientiously implement the idea of three-dimensional goals, and formulate practical teaching plans in combination with the actual situation of students. It is also very important to make an appropriate tutorial plan: what to know in preview, what tasks to prepare equipment, what are the key points and what are the difficulties in class, how to grasp the key points and break through the difficulties, how to make boring knowledge interesting, how to link physics knowledge with life, how to improve students' interest, how to improve their hands-on ability, how to make students use their brains, improve their ability to analyze and solve problems, and how to deal with emergencies in teaching.
Second, clever layout, suspense, natural introduction, knowledge into students.
When I entered the classroom and went to the podium to prepare for class, I found that the classroom clock was broken. In fact, in order to grasp the time of the lecture, I picked up the clock for maintenance. The students saw it and told me enthusiastically: "The watch is broken, and I'm going to throw it away and get a new one!" " I turned it over and found that the electrode was oxidized, so I removed the rust and replaced it with a new battery. The clock is normal! Grateful applause broke out in the classroom. A warm current came to my mind: it turned out that I had mastered the time of the lecture. My classmates think I am doing good for my class. Enthusiastic classmates touched me from the heart, and my heart stuck with my classmates. My classmates thanked me for my efforts, and the gap disappeared. Since then, they have forged a deep friendship. The bell rang and a new lesson began. I also took this opportunity to carry out the ideological education of saving consciousness, well implemented the understanding that "physics is around, from life to physics, from physics to society", and naturally introduced a new lesson. What a windfall! Kill three birds with one stone.
Next, I took out a capacitor used in a submersible pump and touched it in two steps. Nothing unusual. Then plug the two poles into the socket to charge, touch them after pulling them out, see sparks and hear amazing noises. Once again attracted by this strange phenomenon, a series of questions flashed in my mind: why did this happen? When the students were eager to know the reason, I put forward the "electricity phenomenon" of knowledge, which led to how to obtain "electricity" How to use electricity? Naturally introduce a new lesson, the basic components of simple circuits: power supply, wires, electrical appliances, switches, etc.
In order to let the students know more specifically, I found all the equipment in the textbook and supplemented the equipment often used in life, such as transformer, student power supply, rechargeable battery, storage battery, solar rechargeable flashlight, mobile phone panel, generator and so on. Electric appliances such as light bulb, motor, electric fan, rapid heating, induction cooker, TV set, etc. Switches such as single-pole single-throw switch, single-pole double-throw switch, voice control switch, light control switch, temperature control switch, knife switch, air switch, water pressure switch, automatic control valve, etc., as well as silicon controlled rectifier, open circuit triode and integrated operation integrated block with switching function; Ordinary wires, cables, enameled wires, coaxial signal wires and other conductors. Broaden students' horizons and increase their interest. They are also infected by the seriousness and dedication of teachers, their enthusiasm for learning is further improved, and their rigorous scholarship is also affected.
When talking about the circuit diagram, first introduce the definition of the circuit diagram, and then use riddles to arouse students' interest. I put a few small boxes into a big box, put riddles on it, and put prizes in it, such as physical toys such as motors, music boxes, led lights and small speakers, to develop my intelligence and improve my interest. The riddles are very funny, such as "a watermelon cuts two knives", "a small earthworm runs in circles", "big and small nails live together" and "mushrooms grow up to be symbols". Students can get prizes by answering positively, that is, they can remember knowledge in entertainment, which reflects the idea of getting something for their pains.
When talking about drawing a circuit diagram, let the students compare their own images and remember the steps clearly. After fierce and vivid voting, the symbol instead of the component is compared to organ replacement, the horizontal and vertical drawing of the conductor is compared to shaping, and the beautiful and generous drawing of the component is called beauty. It is discussed that drawing symbols at the corners of the circuit diagram is neither beautiful nor pays enough attention to the function of the component, and the switch is not beautiful enough. Students not only remember the knowledge,
When talking about the harm of short circuit, I first connected a household lighting circuit to make it work normally, and then showed it to everyone. I wrapped it in paper and connected it to the circuit. As soon as the circuit was connected, I saw that the paper was pasted immediately. I am "scared and curious" and want to know why. There is no need to explain the serious consequences and great harm. I am anxious to know the question of "how to prevent it". I followed the trend, and The Harm and Prevention of Short Circuit was solved.
Third, be flexible, make use of the situation, adjust the plan, and truly achieve the goal of students as the main body and teachers as the leading factor, and successfully complete the teaching task.
When I understand power supply and electrical appliances from the perspective of energy, I found that most of my classmates didn't recognize them clearly and confused them, which I didn't expect. In order to solve this problem, I temporarily changed the teaching plan, and through guidance and explanation, the students solved this problem.
Fourth, integrate theory with practice, so that students can get exercise, complete basic education, expand their knowledge, improve their hands-on ability and reading ability, analyze and solve problems, and improve their comprehensive quality and ability.
For the working state of the circuit, I asked the students to assemble the circuit by themselves, connect the light bulb at hand and control the switch of the light bulb. The students finished it soon. I commend the students for successfully completing their tasks, affirm their achievements, and make them establish confidence and firm determination to overcome difficulties. Through hands-on, I also understand the significance of accessing and opening the way.
In order to expand my knowledge and improve my ability to use knowledge, I put forward "Is the switch on or off, will it short circuit?" Such a problem, after fierce debate, comes to the conclusion that there is no short-circuit state in the switch. The functions of the switch in the circuit are also discussed: "power off" before switching on the circuit, "trial on" before operation and "control" during operation. By demonstrating that two bulbs are connected in series, "switching one bulb makes both ends short", it is realized that the switch can change the connection mode, and the consequences of local short circuit are also understood.
Fifth, change teaching methods by various means and ways to improve interest.
In order to improve my interest in learning, I carefully selected teaching AIDS: textbooks make students intuitive; In life, let students feel that physics is not far away; High-tech, students feel that physics is widely used. In order to concretize the abstract, such as circuit connection, I let students understand in kind, use multimedia to show the function of switches, intuitively understand high technology, draw circuit symbols and circuit diagrams, transform memory through riddles, compare it with beauty in life, remember in interest, understand deeply, think in place and use skillfully.
Nowadays, in the era of electrification, multimedia has expanded the space for teaching.
6. Consolidating, summarizing and strengthening training in time is the key to mastering knowledge systematically and methodically.
Active classes and diverse teaching methods will inevitably make students feel that the focus of knowledge is not prominent and the content is chaotic. It is particularly important to summarize knowledge points and systematize knowledge. Students summarize and sort out, teachers comment, and exercise students' ability to analyze and summarize problems.
It is very important to choose a topic carefully, so students should not engage in sea tactics, but improve their ability through refining: I finished my homework when I practiced in class. Two more questions were selected for the class assignment: one was to give the original picture, connect the circuits as required, and draw a physical picture, which improved the knowledge level and paved the way for the next section; The second is to give several circuit diagrams so that students can tell which short circuit, which open circuit, which circuit path and which circuit are incomplete after closing the switch. In order to ease the atmosphere, I made a speech "Shake fate, learn from mistakes, thank you" with the essay "The Kidnapper", and ended the class in a cheerful and harmonious atmosphere.
There are methods in teaching, but there is no fixed method. There is no fixed way to have a good class. But preparing lessons, teaching materials, students and teaching methods are the foundation; According to the characteristics of students' reality and knowledge, it is the key to formulate practical teaching methods; Summarize in time, strengthen training, and link knowledge with life. "From life to physics, from physics to society" is the ultimate goal!