According to the requirements of pineapple on external environmental conditions, the sloping land with slight cold damage, no frost or little frost in winter and soil pH value of 4.5-6.0 was selected as the garden. After the garden is selected, horizontal terraces with a depth of 40-50 cm will be built around the mountain according to the contour lines, and perennial weeds such as thatch will be thoroughly removed, and flood control ditches and drainage ditches will be dug according to the area of the lot.
Second, timely sowing and reasonable close planting.
The planting time of pineapple is not strict, except that the cold and drought period is from June 5438+February of the following year to June 5438+10. Out-of-season pineapples should be listed in the off-season of March-April in the second year after planting, so they must be planted in March, and they should be planted with thick stems, dense leaves, mature buds or strong buds. When planting, it is required that the sprout leaves 10 or more and the fresh weight is more than 200 grams. According to the production practice, the local planting density is per mu 1000- 1200 plants.
Third, reuse potash fertilizer and apply sufficient base fertilizer.
The rapid growth and high yield of pineapple need a lot of potassium, so applying enough base fertilizer and reusing potassium fertilizer are important measures to win high yield of pineapple. The base fertilizer is mainly mixed fertilizer of plant ash and soil, with a small amount of calcium superphosphate, and 0.25-0.5 kg is applied to each hole. Practice has proved that applying sufficient base fertilizer is beneficial to improve soil aggregate structure, enhance soil permeability and water and fertilizer conservation ability, and create a good soil environment conducive to pineapple root growth; At the same time, the seedlings have nutrient absorption after survival, which accelerates the growth of roots and leaves and promotes the healthy growth, early fruiting and high yield of plants. In addition, applying sufficient basal fertilizers such as plant ash can improve the cold resistance of plants.
Four, timely topdressing, strengthen management
1, topdressing should be done in time after the seedlings survive. Topdressing should be done every 1-2 months 1 time during the vegetative growth period, and 25 grams of urea should be applied to each plant. Topdressing should be done after rain. In July, flower-promoting fertilizer was applied again, and 50- 100g compound fertilizer was applied to each plant. In addition, topdressing 1-2 times (0.2%-0.4% urea solution) outside the root during fruit expansion. The weather gets warmer after February every year, so it is necessary to strengthen fertilization management and topdressing the roots in time to promote the rapid growth of plants.
2. Pineapple root groups are arranged in rows. In order to protect the root groups, keep the soil moist, inhibit the growth of weeds, reduce the temperature in summer and autumn, and increase the soil temperature in winter, which is conducive to the healthy growth of the root groups, we should carefully cover the rows all year round. The mulch can be straw or mountain grass, and the thickness of the mulch is 3-4 cm.
3, intertillage weeding pineapple root system is developed, the soil must be kept loose and breathable. Small rows and under the canopy, the roots are dense and shallow. If there is no straw cover, weed in time. Pay attention to shallow weeding when weeding, so as not to damage the roots. Generally, 1-2 intertillage weeding should be carried out before weeds bloom and when the ground is covered after rain. After June 5438+ 10, the weather is getting dry, so intertillage should be carried out to prevent drought and moisture, and weeds should be removed.
Five, timely flowering and fruiting, adjust the harvest time.
1 The pineapple planted in March has been cultivated for 5-6 months. In August, when the plant grows to a height of more than 35 cm, and there are 25-28 leaves growing to more than 35 cm, in order to ensure that the fruits can be marketed in March and April of the following year and the harvest period is concentrated, it is necessary to use ethephon to promote flowering, and the concentration is 0.025%-0.05%. The effect of adding 1% urea to ethephon diluent is better. Inject (pour) 20-50 ml of the prepared diluent into each plant, or remove the nozzle cover with a backpack sprayer to spray the liquid medicine from the heart of the plant. Ethephon flower forcing should be carried out before 10: 00 or after 5: 00 pm on sunny days. Generally, it germinates 28-30 days after flowering. The following problems should be paid attention to when using ethephon to perfuse the heart and promote flowers:
(1) Flower-forcing plants must have healthy plants and a certain nutritional growth basis, that is, they must have 25-28 green leaves with a length exceeding 35 cm. If the plant is too small or too weak, it will blossom and bear fruit after treatment, but the fruit is small, the yield is low and the commercial value is lost.
(2) Ethephon is a plant growth regulator rather than a fertilizer, so it needs to be fertilized before and after flowering to achieve the purpose of increasing production.
(3) Grasp the proper concentration of the liquid medicine. Too high concentration will not only waste the medicine, but also inhibit the growth.
2. During the fruit expansion period, 0.2%-0.4% urea aqueous solution should be used for topdressing outside the roots to promote fruit development and achieve the goal of high yield and high quality.
Six, topping and bud removal
After withering, topping should be done in time to remove crown buds and excessive sucking buds, so as to provide concentrated nutrition for the growth of small fruits. At the same time, 1-3 strong buds near the ground should be reserved as replacement mother plants after fruit picking.
Seven, bagging fruit protection
Pineapple likes warmth and is afraid of frost, so it should be bagged before and after the "slight cold" to protect the fruit from freezing. Bagging pineapple fruit generally adopts vest bag to facilitate bagging. When bagging, care should be taken not to break the bag, and a layer of paper or cloth should be added to the bag to facilitate moisture absorption and moisture retention and prevent icing. Practice has proved that the fruit after bagging is large and will not crack, which has high economic value. The fruit without bagging is small and cracked, which has low economic value and loses the significance of anti-season cultivation.
Eight, pest control
Pineapple is cultivated out of season, because the temperature is low when the fruit matures and there are few pests and diseases. Therefore, except for the prevention and control of beetle larvae when planting and rodents when fruits are ripe, chemical agents can be used for prevention and control at other times, so that the products can meet the requirements of pollution-free.
Nine, timely harvest
Pineapples are planted out of season. After one year's cultivation and management, the harvest period can be entered in March and April of the following year, and the fruit can be harvested when there are 2-3 rows of small yellow fruits at the base, with slightly wrinkled handles and slightly warped handles. Pineapple fruit should be harvested in stages, first ripe and then harvested.