Origin and distribution
Peaches originated in China. There are 6 species in China, and peach is the main economic cultivation. There are three varieties of peaches, namely nectarines. ), flat peach (p.persicavar.compressabean) and longevity peach (p.per-sicavar.densamakino).
Wild peaches are distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, the Yellow River and Yangtze River valley, western Yunnan and southern Tibet. Around 10 century BC, the Book of Songs Feng Wei recorded that "there are peaches in the garden, which shows that the cultivation and utilization of peaches have a history of at least 3,000 years. Modern archaeologists in China discovered wild peach stones 6000 ~ 7000 years ago at the Neolithic site in Hemudu, Zhejiang Province, and excavated two peach stones with complete shapes at the Shang Dynasty site in Taixi Village, Gaocheng County, Hebei Province, which are exactly the same as the peaches cultivated today. The variety, propagation and cultivation of peach are recorded in Xijing Miscellany in Jin Dynasty and Qi Yaomin Book in Northern Wei Dynasty. Nectarine and flat peach have a history of at least 2000 years.
During the Western Han Dynasty in the 2nd century BC, China peaches were introduced from Gansu and Xinjiang to Persia along the Silk Road via Central Asia, and then to France, Germany, Spain and Portugal along the Mediterranean coast. Peach cultivation in Europe gradually increased in the 9th century, and it was introduced to America in16th century, and Japanese peach was introduced to China in18th century. Today, peaches have been planted all over the world.
Peach is cultivated in China from Jilin in the north, Guangdong in the south, Xinjiang and Tibet in the west, coastal provinces and Taiwan Province Province in the east. The main producing areas are Ningxian, Zhangye and Lingwu in Gansu, Dalian in Liaoning, Shenxian in Hebei, Zhoukou and Zhengzhou in Henan, Feicheng in Shandong, Lianyungang, Nantong and Wuxi in Jiangsu, Fenghua and Jinhua in Zhejiang, Beijing and Shanghai.
About 60 countries and regions in the world cultivate peach trees, and the total output of 1988 exceeds 8 165000 tons. Italy and the United States have the most, followed by Spain, Greece, France, the Soviet Union and China (table 1). There are fewer countries producing nectarines than those producing peaches, and the largest output is in the United States, concentrated in California.
642F Junior Middle School 450f United Soviet Union 472 National Law 6 1 1Laxi 655 Yabanxi 1370 Gome 1450 Domestic (kt).
Table 1 Features and characteristics
Peach varieties are different, but their morphological characteristics, fruiting habits and phenology have the same characteristics.
morphological character
This tree is 3 ~ 5 meters high. The crown is wide or flat. The bark is dark reddish brown and rough and scaly when it is old. Branches spreading, sometimes drooping; The buds are slender, hairless and green. Buds are obtuse and conical, with pubescence outside. Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, leaf margin with thin, thick or obtuse serrations. Flowers first, then leaves, per bud 1 flower, petals pink with a little white; Amphoteric flowers, pistil 1, mostly stamens. Fruit is drupe, hairy or hairless, oval, oblate, flat to wide oval; The pulp is white, green, white, yellow, orange or red, and the juice is fragrant; Off-core or sticky, nucleolus bitter or sweet.
Growth and fruiting habits
Grafted trees begin to bear fruit in 2 ~ 3 years after planting, and enter the full fruit stage in 4 ~ 5 years, with an economic life of 15 ~ 25 years. There are 100 years old peach trees in Xiangcheng County, Sichuan Province.
Peach root is shallow. Generally, roots are mainly concentrated in the soil layer of 10 ~ 40 cm, and vertical roots can penetrate into the soil under drought conditions. Roots have two growth peaks in 1 year, the first time in Baoding, Hebei Province, and grow rapidly before mid-July. The second time was after the first ten days of 10, but the growth potential was weak.
Buds are divided into leaf buds and flower buds. The flower bud is a pure flower bud, inserted between the axils of the new shoots. The terminal bud of a new bud is usually a leaf bud. Buds have single buds and multiple buds. A single bud can be a flower bud or a leaf bud. Common compound buds are double buds with flower buds and leaf buds and triple buds with bilateral flower buds and middle leaf buds (see figure). Compound flower buds are many, the node position is low, and it is easy to get high yield. Leaf buds have strong germination ability and branching ability. If they don't germinate the next year, most of them will die. Latent buds have a long life and are mostly used for old tree regeneration.
Branches are divided into growing branches and fruiting branches. Growth branches are divided into long branches, developing branches and foliage branches according to their growth intensity, and the first two mainly constitute the trunk of the crown; Fruit branches can be divided into virtual fruit branches, long fruit branches, middle fruit branches, short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches according to their length. After fruiting, the persistent fruit branches can still sprout strong new shoots, continue to bear fruit or renew to form fruit branches; Short fruit branches and bouqueted fruit branches stop growing early, with full flower buds and large fruits, but the branches are weak and easy to decline. Generally, the southern varieties are mainly long fruit branches, while the northern varieties are mainly short fruit branches; Young trees and early fruit trees are mainly long branches, while old trees and weak trees are mainly short branches and bouquets. Peach buds are precocious, the branches on the main branches grow rapidly, the lateral buds germinate to form secondary branches, and the lateral buds can germinate secondary branches and form secondary branches many times. Early secondary branches can also form flower buds and blossom and bear fruit in the next year.
phenophase
The phenological period of peach varies with regions and varieties. (1) budding stage. Beijing sprouted in early April. Shaanxi Wushu sprouted in the middle and late March. The earliest difference between varieties is about 5 ~ 6 days. ② Flowering period. Beijing blooms in mid-April, and Shaanxi Wushu blooms in early April. The flowering period of Chenggong in Yunnan is in the middle and late February, and Qiqihar in Heilongjiang is in the late May, with a difference of nearly 100 days. The average temperature of flowering period is above 65,438+00℃, and the optimum temperature is 65,438+02 ~ 65,438+04℃. Generally, the stigma remains pollinated for 4 ~ 5 days, and fertilization is completed for 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+04 days. ③ Fruit maturity. Peach varieties are generally divided into three categories: early maturity, middle maturity and late maturity. Early-maturing varieties mature before mid-July, middle-maturing varieties mature in August, and late-maturing varieties mature after September. Half-peach in Qihe, Shandong Province ripens in early June, and winter peach in Shangxian, Shaanxi Province ripens from October to February. The development of peach fruit is divided into three stages. In the first stage, the longitudinal diameter increased faster than the transverse diameter, and the volume and weight of the fruit increased rapidly from ovary enlargement to lignification of drupe. The second stage is the hard core stage, which grows slowly, especially for late-maturing varieties, lasting for 6 ~ 7 weeks or more; The third stage is the second rapid growth period of fruit, and the pulp thickness increases rapidly, and the transverse diameter exceeds the longitudinal diameter, and the weight gain is obvious. Nectarine is different, and some varieties are on the increase in the second and third stages. ④ Flower bud differentiation stage. Early-maturing peach in Zhengzhou, Henan Province began flower bud differentiation in the middle and late July, sepal differentiation in the early August, petal differentiation and stamen differentiation in the middle of August, pistil differentiation in the late August, stigma and ovary formation in the late September, pollen mother cells formation in the early February of 65438+,stigma and ovary expansion and filament elongation in the late February of 65438+,and pollen mother cells began meiosis, filament and style in the early and middle February of the following year. ⑤ Deciduous period. Generally speaking, Beijing began to shed leaves in the middle of June 5438+ 10, with slight differences among varieties.
Requirements for environmental conditions
Peach does not require high climatic conditions, and can be cultivated except in extremely hot and cold areas, but it grows best in cold and mild climate. Severe cold in winter and late frost in spring are the limiting factors of peach cultivation. General varieties may be frozen at -22 ~-25℃, but in Heilongjiang and northern Xinjiang, creeping cultivation and burying soil in winter can grow even in areas as high as -34℃. Peach blossoms are frozen at-1.7 ~-6.6℃ after germination, at-1 ~-2℃ at flowering stage and at-1. 1℃ at young fruit stage.
Peach can germinate and blossom normally in spring, and it takes more than 500 ~ 1000 hours when the temperature is lower than 7.2℃ in winter, which is called cooling requirement. In the south, the abnormal phenomenon of germination, flowering and fruiting occurs because it can't meet the cold requirement. For example, varieties cultivated in Guangdong, such as Baifeng, Yulu, etc., are delayed in flowering until May due to insufficient cooling capacity, and sometimes the buds fall off before unfolding; However, a few varieties need less than 100 hour, so they can be cultivated in the south.
The optimum temperature for peach growth is 18 ~ 23℃, and the optimum temperature for fruit ripening is 24.5℃. If the temperature is too high, the top of the fruit will ripen first, the taste will be light, the quality will drop, and the branches will burn easily. When the soil temperature is higher than 26℃ in summer, new roots will not grow well.
Peaches like light and are sensitive to light. Insufficient light, long branches and leaves, less flower bud differentiation, poor quality, more falling flowers and fruits, poor fruit quality, rapid death of internal branchlets, and partial upward and outward migration of fruits. On the contrary, the direct sunlight is too strong in summer, and the branches are easy to burn in the sun, which affects the tree potential, so the branches in the inner room need branch protection.
Peach is drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant, and its roots need oxygen, so it is suitable for sandy loam with loose soil and good drainage. Too sticky and fertile soil is easy to grow white and suffer from gummosis. It can grow in slightly acidic and alkaline soil, but it grows poorly below pH4.5 and above pH 7.5. Alkaline soil is prone to yellow leaf disease; If the salt content is higher than 0.28%, plants will die. Water is needed in the stages of embryo formation, fruit expansion and flower bud differentiation, and should be irrigated in time in early spring in the north and summer drought in the south.
Main varieties and types
There are many varieties of peaches, about 3,000 in the world and 800 in China, which are divided into five varieties according to ecological conditions.
The northern variety groups are mainly distributed in the Yellow River basin, northwest and northeast, and are most cultivated in Gansu, Shaanxi, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and Henan provinces. The crown is erect, the fruit is pointed, the meat is hard and dense, and it is resistant to storage and transportation, cold and drought, but not to warm and humid climate. Moving to the south often leads to poor growth, poor disease resistance and low yield. According to the meat quality, it can be divided into three subgroups: ① Peach subgroup. The fruit is big, the meat is tough and juicy, mostly white, with high sugar content, excellent quality and sticky core, which is suitable for fresh eating and processing. Famous varieties include Feicheng Peach and Shenzhou Peach. ② Brittle peach subgroup. The meat is crisp, tender and juicy, shedding or semi-shedding, and precocious, such as fresh in May. ③ Peach subgroup. The top of the fruit is protruding, the meat is loose and spongy, separated from the stone, matured earlier and is not resistant to storage and transportation. For example, April white.
The southern varieties are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin, with Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Yunnan and other provinces as the most cultivated. Suitable for warm and rainy climate, and some varieties are also suitable for planting in the north. The crown of the tree is relatively open, with many compound flower buds, and the top of the fruit is flat or slightly concave, with poor cold and drought tolerance. According to the meat quality, it can be divided into two subgroups: ① Peach subgroup. The pulp is soft and juicy, easy to peel and sticky, and difficult to store and transport. Such as Yulu and Bai Feng. ② Peach subgroup. The crown of the tree is erect, with many single buds, slightly pointed fruit top and hard, brittle and dense meat. If it is overcooked, it will turn pink, less juice, more resistant to storage and transportation, and more detached. Such as hanging white branches, willow trees and sweet peaches.
Yellow-fleshed peach varieties are mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest, and are also cultivated in North China and East China. The tree is vigorous, the crown is erect, the fruit is round or rectangular, the flesh is golden yellow and the meat is dense, which is suitable for processing and canning. Such as jujube, yellow sticky core, etc.
Flat peach varieties are widely cultivated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The crown of the tree is open with many compound flower buds. The fruit is oblate, fleshy, soft and juicy. Such as white mango flat peach and sprinkled red flat peach. In addition, it is also cultivated in the northwest. And flat peaches with yellow meat.
Nectarine varieties are mainly distributed in Xinjiang and Gansu. The skin is smooth and hairless, and the flesh is compact, yellowish, shedding or semi-shedding. Such as Purple Peach in Gansu and Lee Kwang Soo in Xinjiang.
The main varieties are: ① Spring buds. Institute of Horticulture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences is a hybrid of Shazaosheng× Baixianglu. The tree is strong and has pollen. The fruit is ovoid with an average weight of 70-90g and a maximum weight of100-130g; The skin is milky white, the top of the fruit is carmine, the skin is thin and easy to peel, and the solute is sweet, which is suitable for harvesting in hard core stage. Relatively high yield, the output per hectare is about 22 tons. It bloomed in Shanghai in early April and matured in late May and early June. 2 ivory white. Mainly produced in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other provinces, it is a hard meat variety. The tree is strong, with many single buds, late flowering and abundant pollen. The fruit is pointed and oval, and the average fruit weight is100 ~120g; The peel is yellow and white, and the top line is crimson on both sides; The meat is crisp and tender, sweet and refined. The yield is high, and the fruit ripens in the middle and late June. ③ Breeze. Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry is a hybrid of Okubo and Amoustine. This tree is full of vitality, semi-erect, and full of pollen. The fruit is oblong and slightly wider at the base, with an average weight of 130 ~ 150g, with a maximum of 200g. The top of the fruit is round and slightly concave. The peel is yellow-green, sunny and red, hairy and easy to peel; The pulp is milky white, dense, sweet and sticky. High yield, fruit ripens from late June to early July in Beijing. Whether it is fresh or processed. 4 Bai Fenghuang. Extensive cultivation, medium tree potential, strong branching, pollen, high seed setting rate and high yield. The fruit is round and weighs100 ~125g; The peel is yellow and white, with reddish stripes at the seams; The pulp is white, dense, sweet, fragrant and sticky. Whether it is fresh or processed. Beijing fruit ripens in the middle and late July. There are many types of bud mutation, such as early baifeng, late baifeng, taqiao 1, Lu Feng, etc. ⑤ Okubo. It is the main cultivated variety in Beijing. The tree is open, with soft new buds and drooping easily, and there are many compound flower buds and pollen. The fruit is nearly round, flat and slightly concave, with an average fruit weight of150g; The peel is yellow-green, with blush and stripes on the sunny side; The pulp is milky white, dense and juicy, sweet and slightly sour, slightly red near the core and separated from the core. Whether it is fresh or processed. Beijing matures in early August. ⑥ Very high curative value. Widely planted in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. The tree is strong, with many compound flower buds, early flowering, more pollen and high yield. The fruit is oval, with an average weight of about100g; The peel is yellow-green, with red to purple spots on the sunny side; The pulp is white, near-nuclear purplish red, sticky, soft and juicy, sweet and delicious, and of excellent quality. The fruit ripened in Fenghua, Zhejiang Province in late July. There are many kinds of variation, among which the flat-topped jade dew is the best. All landowners okayama white. Location: Beijing. The tree has medium potential, many flower buds and no pollen. The fruit is oblong, slightly concave at the top and slightly convex at some tips, weighing140 ~180g, with a maximum of 400g; The peel is yellow and white, with bright red halo on the sunny side, which is thicker; The pulp is milky white, dense, soft and juicy, sweet and sticky, and it is dark red near the core. Whether it is fresh or processed. Beijing fruit ripens in the first half of August. 8 shenzhou peach. Produced in Shenxian County, Hebei Province, belonging to Shandong Province. The tree is stout and upright, with short branches, single flower buds and less pollen. The fruit is oblong, with a sharp apex and an average weight of 200 grams; The peel is yellow and white, and the sunny side is purple; The pulp is milky white, purplish red near the core, dense, sticky and sweet. The fruit ripens from late August to early September. Pet-name ruby Feicheng peach. Location: Feicheng City, Shandong Province. The tree has strong potential, upright posture, short fruit branches, good fruit, single flower buds and pollen, but low self-pollination rate. The fruit is nearly round, the base is slightly wide, the fruit tip protrudes and sinks, and the suture line is deep, with an average weight of 300 grams and a maximum weight of more than 500 grams; Pericarp yellow-white; When fully ripe, the pulp is milky white, thick, sticky, soft and juicy, sweet in taste and excellent in quality. The fruit ripens in early September. The suitable planting area is narrow and performs well in Xinjiang. Attending the heart. Produced in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but also in the north. The tree body is robust, the tree shape is open, the big branches are easy to sprout, the branches are dense, and there are many short and medium fruit branches. The fruit is oblate, with an average weight of about125g; The peel is yellow and white with red punctate powder; The flesh is light milky yellow, reddish near the core, soft and juicy, fragrant, small and sticky. The fruit ripens in mid-July. ⑾ abundant yellow. The Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Lvda University was conceived from the early birth of golden seeds. Trees are vigorous, with pollen and high yield. The fruit is oval and flat, with an average weight of 160 g; The peel is orange-yellow, dark red on the sunny side, with spots and stripes; The pulp is orange-yellow, delicate, elastic, juicy, sweet and sour, and sticky. Green fruits ripen in the first half of August and are suitable for canning. In summer, there are many red pigments in hot-dried pulp, so it should be harvested early, and the blush will decrease after 3 ~ 4 days of ripening. ⑿ Tantao No.5 is cultivated in Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. The tree is robust, open-minded, with multiple flower buds and pollen. The fruit is round with an average weight of125g; Sticky nucleus; Canned varieties are golden in color, compact in meat, moderate in sweet and sour, and fragrant. [13] Heart peach. Produced in Dunhuang and Linze, Gansu. The tree is moderately weak and open. The fruit is obovoid with a protuberance at the apex and weighs 200-300g. Pericarp yellow-green, glabrous; The flesh is light yellow, soft and dense, slightly juicy, moderately sweet and sour, and sticky. More resistant to storage and transportation. The fruit ripens from mid-August to early September. It belongs to nectarine. [14] Fan-tasia. Trees are more open and have more pollen. The fruit is oblong and weighs 220-250g. Pericarp yellow, with 2/3 bright red halo, glabrous; The flesh is yellow, the solute is soft and detached. The fruit ripens in the middle and late August. It belongs to nectarine.
Key points of cultivation techniques
type
Peaches are usually propagated by grafting. The common rootstock is Prunus armeniaca. Hairy cherry. Used as dwarf rootstock in Luda, Liaoning Province. Peach has strong adaptability, drought resistance, cold resistance and alkali resistance. Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Liaoning and other provinces are widely used. Strong affinity with peach grafting and high survival rate. Peach is not moisture-tolerant, and it is prone to yellow leaf disease, root nodule disease and neck rot in places with high groundwater level. Peach has wide adaptability and is suitable for warm and rainy southern climate. It has become the main rootstock in southern peach area, but it is also more drought-resistant and cold-resistant, and it is also used as rootstock in arid areas of North China and Northwest China. Peach has strong grafting affinity, vigorous growth, developed root system and longer life than peach.
Bud grafting is usually carried out during the accelerated thickening period of rootstock stems in autumn, and in Beijing, it is mostly from mid-August to early September. In the following winter, seedlings will grow from the nursery, and some buds will grow or sprout out of the nursery after surviving. Branching is mostly carried out in the autumn or early spring of the following year, and seedlings grow from the nursery in the winter of the following year or the winter of that year.
Peach can also be propagated by cutting. Indoor heat preservation for hardwood cutting in winter; Green cuttings should be used in the growth period, but the base of cuttings should be treated with indolebutyric acid, and the seedbed should be moisturized and shaded to promote its rooting. The survival rate of green cuttings is high, but regular spraying equipment is needed.
get a first reign title after the founding of a dynasty
Peach fruit is not resistant to storage and transportation, so it is suitable to build gardens near urban industrial and mining areas with convenient transportation. Processing peaches such as canned peaches must cooperate with processing bases. The decomposition of peach old roots will produce amygdalin and inhibit the growth of new roots, so continuous cropping should be avoided. Most peach varieties can bear fruit by themselves, but some varieties have no pollen or little vitality, which are called female flowers. This variety must be equipped with pollination trees. Generally, wide rows and close planting are adopted, which is beneficial to early high yield, convenient for mechanized management and improved lighting conditions. Generally, the plant spacing is 3 ~ 5m and the row spacing is 5 ~ 6m. The south is suitable for autumn planting after defoliation, and spring planting in the north is safer.
Plastic trimming
Most peach trees are naturally happy, with a stem height of 40 cm, and the three main branches on the trunk are scattered or adjacent, with a spacing of 10 ~ 15 cm; There are 2-3 lateral branches on each main branch; Rational allocation of fruiting branches on main lateral branches.
Pruning peach trees should be combined with winter pruning and summer pruning. The suitable pruning period in winter is from 65438+February to the following February. For the early stage of young trees and the early stage of fruiting, it is mainly to expand the crown as soon as possible to complete the shaping, ease the tree potential, quickly form various fruit branches and promote early and high yield. In the full fruit period, the trees mainly maintain the tree vigor, balance the growth vigor of the main branches, renew the branches, prevent the inner chamber from being exposed, and adjust the contradiction between growth and fruiting; In the aging stage, trees are mainly pruned, shrunk and regenerated with backbone branches, and the crown is regenerated with long branches in the inner chamber to maintain a certain yield. Summer pruning, also known as growing season pruning, can alleviate the overgrowth of young trees and increase the number of fruiting branches before May. Slight thinning and twisting of branches from June to July can improve crown illumination, promote flower bud differentiation and improve fruit quality; From August to September, if there are thick branches in the upper part of the crown, they should be thinned again to improve the quality of fruiting branches, which is conducive to the next year's results.
fruit thinning
Generally, it is carried out when the fruit setting is basically stable and the hard core is initially completed. Varieties with light fruit thinning and early maturity first, then varieties with thin fruit thinning, varieties with heavy fruit in the early stage, and then fruit thinning in the later stage. Generally, there are 3 ~ 5 fruit branches for long branches, 3 for middle branches 1 ~ 3, and 3 for short branches and bouquets 1. The middle and upper fruit branches are the best for long fruit branches, and the middle and short fruit branches are the best for upper fruit branches.
soil management
The first is to improve ventilation conditions, and terraces should be built in mountain orchards; Flat orchards in southern China should be planted in deep furrows and high ridges, and young orchards should be covered with grass in high temperature season after plum rains.
Peach trees can still grow normally when the soil humidity is 20 ~ 40%, and their branches and leaves will wither when it drops to 10 ~ 15%. The best is 60 ~ 70%. The northern peach garden is in spring drought before germination and after flowering, and the fruit ripening in the south is in high temperature and dry season, so attention should be paid to irrigation and intertillage after irrigation. Pay attention to timely drainage in two seasons.
According to the growth situation of the new 38333 1, it is determined that no or less nitrogen fertilizer is applied, that is, the young trees are more than 50 ~ 60 cm, and the leaf color is normal; In this way, if the tree is larger than 30 cm and the branches are thicker, it is necessary to apply less. Peach trees need a lot of potash fertilizer in full fruit period. Generally speaking, the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by peaches in different regions is roughly 10: 3 ~ 4: 6 ~ 16. When the new shoots stop growing from July to August, the contents of elements in leaves are relatively stable, which is the best time to diagnose the nutritional status of peach trees and analyze the leaves, and as a reference for fertilization. When the content of each element is lower than the minimum value, element deficiency will occur (Table 2). The application of base fertilizer in autumn accounts for about 70% of the annual fertilization. Topdressing includes pre-flowering fertilizer, mainly nitrogen, to promote the growth of new shoots and consistent flowering; Fruit-promoting fertilizer, applied before harvest 1 month, mainly contains phosphorus and potassium to promote fruit hypertrophy; Post-harvest fertilizer is used for middle-late maturing varieties and weak trees with high nutrient consumption to restore tree vigor and improve overwintering. Spraying 0. 1% borax at flowering stage can improve fruit setting rate; Spraying 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the hard nucleus stage is helpful to embryo development and flower bud differentiation; Nitrogen spraying improves photosynthetic efficiency of leaves. Taoyuan can be intercropped with beans, melons, potatoes and green manure crops.
Table 2 Contents of various elements in leaf analysis and pest control
① Anthracnose of peach. Damage to fruits and branches. Combined with pruning in winter to remove diseased branches and fruits, Bordeaux solution was sprayed during flower bud expansion. ② Peach wart dermatosis. During hibernation, the branches coated with antibacterial agent 402 at the diseased part are injured; Spraying carbendazim in rainy season. ③ Peach leaf shrinkage disease. Hurt the leaves. Spraying sulfur mixture before germination; Remove diseased leaves at the early stage of the disease. ④ Bacterial perforation of peach. Hurt the leaves. Spraying Bordeaux solution during the flower bud expansion period; Spraying zinc sulfate lime solution from May to June. ⑤ Anoplophora longicorn. Young insects erode the trunk and cause harm. Artificial killing during the adult occurrence period in June; Larvae poisoned by moth-eaten drugs; In June, the trunk was painted white to prevent adults from laying eggs. ⑥ Myzus persicae. Hurt young leaves. Spraying pesticides for prevention and control. ⑦ Pink spider. Hurt the leaves. Spraying control. 8 peach moth. Harm buds, flowers and young leaves. Spraying cartap when budding; Killing adults in the first half of June; In late June, when a large number of larvae hatch, spraying chlorpyrifos or trichlorfon. Pet-name ruby moth Young insects eat fruit. Fruit bagging before overwintering adults appear; Spraying at the peak of adult emergence and oviposition. Attending mulberry sandfly. Clusters of branches absorb nutrients. Brush the insects off the branches with a wire brush; Cut off severely damaged branches; Spray marathon emulsion during nymph dispersion and transfer.
choose
In production, the ripening period of peach is divided into: ① Seven ripening. The background color of white meat varieties is light green, yellow meat varieties are yellow-green, and color varieties begin to color. ② Eight ripe. The background color of white meat varieties is green and white, and yellow meat varieties are green and yellow. ③ Nine mature. The background color of white meat varieties is milky white, and yellow meat varieties are light yellow. ④ Ten mature. The background color of white meat varieties is milky white, and the yellow meat varieties are golden yellow or dark yellow. The fruit is soft and easy to peel, and it is the best to eat. Generally, local fresh sales are suitable for harvesting in August and September, and long-distance transportation can be harvested in July and August; Canned hard peaches are harvested in July and August, and canned soft peaches are harvested in August and September. Fruits have different maturity and should be harvested in stages.
economic value
Peaches are rich in nutrition. Every100g of edible part contains 5-15g of sugar, 0.2-0.9g of organic acid, 0.4-0.8g of protein, 0.0-0.5g of fat, 3-5mg of vitamin C and 45% of oil in peach kernel, which can be used for extracting industrial oil. It can also be used as medicine, and has the effects of relieving cough, promoting blood circulation, relaxing bowels and killing insects. Core-shell can be used to make activated carbon. Besides fresh food, fruits can also be processed into canned sugar water, frozen fruits, preserved peaches, peach sauce, peach juice, dried peaches and other products. Peach blossoms are gorgeous and the leaves are green, so you can watch them.