2. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement

3. The emergence of capitalism in the late Qing Dynasty and the deepening of the national crisis.

4. The Reform Movement of 1898 and the Boxer Movement

5. The Revolution of 1911 and the demise of Qing Dynasty

6. The rule of Beiyang warlords in the early years of the Republic of China

7. The May 4th Movement and the establishment of China * * * Production Party.

8. The First Revolutionary Civil War

9. The Second Revolutionary Civil War

10. Nanjing massacre

1 1. Article 2 1 China and Japan.

12. China lost the Sino-Japanese War.

13. China-UK treaty of nanking and China-Japan treaty of shimonoseki.

China abandoned North Korea.

15. The Treaty of Xin Chou

16. Eight-Nation Alliance burned Yuanmingyuan.

the opium war

18. July 7th Incident

19. The Battle of Shanghai

History is sometimes heartbreaking. Without real shots, detailed words and broken relics, it is hard for us to believe the past scenes of China. History is history after all. Although history has passed, it will not disappear without a trace. History has left behind more than just a pile of materials, several inscriptions and several sites. Keep the history, you can review the past and learn something new. Human society changes with each passing day. Without records, anything great will disappear from the horizon. But people are always used to remembering victory, success and glory, but often forget failure, scars and humiliation. History is always precipitated. History is the collective memory of the nation and mankind. If a nation doesn't know "where it came from", it doesn't know "where to go".

Past history is not so much a period as an exclamation point or even more question marks, and ellipsis should be used less. 100 years of heavy and painful memories have given people too much grief and thinking. China people shouldn't, can't and can't forget that the shots, sides or fragments carved in China in modern times, though full of spots, are vivid: from the Opium War, the Second Opium War, the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 to Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China, until Japan's full-scale war of aggression against China; From Lushun massacre to Nanjing massacre; From opium smuggling, looting and selling Chinese workers to burning Yuanmingyuan; From "pig" and "sick man of East Asia" to "China people and dogs are not allowed in! It can be described as horror and unheard of! Justice and evil, civilization and barbarism, love and hate, peace and violence are fixed in this humiliating history. Learning from a painful experience will always be the beginning of national rejuvenation, and will always warn every Chinese son and daughter not to forget the national humiliation and revitalize China.

Many of us seem to choose silence. I don't know what the reason for silence is, but I hope it's not because of numbness or forgetfulness. According to some people in China, the past, especially the pain, will be regarded as a rash attitude. Over the years, the reality of some close relatives and enemies, or the reality that "a strong woman in business does not know death", often makes us feel that "forgetting culture" has a market in the minds of some China people. Some merchants ignore the scars of history and regard the "Nanjing Massacre" as a computer game; Taking Japanese army knives and military uniforms as selling points; Some artists even put on military flags and marched in the city. If "collective amnesia" is too serious, people will easily become more and more shallow, frivolous, manic, extreme and eager for quick success.

Among our compatriots, we don't know too much about the humiliation of defeat and the pain of reparations, but too little. If a nation forgets its own history, it actually loses its memory function; A nation that has lost its memory is terrible. In today's rapidly changing world tide, people will lose their way, drift with the tide, and even repeat the same mistakes. Either it broke out in the sinking or it died in the sinking. It is said that in his later years, Bing Xin conceived to write a documentary masterpiece reflecting the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, but every time he started writing, he didn't leave a word. "Because he cried, because he cried, because he couldn't help crying when he picked up the pen! I cried so hard that I couldn't write at all. Only tears fell on the paper. " (Jia: Bing Xin's regret).

All disasters in history have been compensated by great progress in history. Only we can expose the sins of the invaders, ask the conscience of the indifferent and awaken the hearts of the ignorant. Never allow shameless people to distort history with ulterior motives, never allow humiliating old dreams to reappear, and never allow them to repeat the mistakes of trampling on human rights, blaspheming civilization and undermining justice. The important task of history education is to cultivate and educate every citizen's sense of identity, self-esteem, dignity and shame towards the country, history, ancestors and nation, that is, to form "national consciousness". Historical consciousness constitutes the core content of national consciousness and national spirit, which is related to the great plan of cultivating citizens in the new century. Historical cognition is related to national interests and national interests. The significance of studying history mainly includes enriching oneself, developing individuality, reducing mistakes, accelerating growth, undertaking missions and consciously living. In this sense, history is an important academic to shape a nation's overall personality and express its self-awareness, self-evaluation and self-cognition. Truth, emotion, thought and behavior should be integrated, which will inspire, motivate, spur and think for a long time.

However, the darling of the past has now been lost, and the topic of historical crisis is not alarmist. The lag, decline and degradation of history education are worrying, and we are willing to pay attention to it, discuss it and share it with you. I tried to make history education no longer embarrassing, embarrassing and contemptuous, so I went from hesitation to shouting, from confusion to awakening; From doubt to exploration. I strive to make history a tonic to nourish students' growth, so that students can wake themselves up, know themselves and publicize themselves through the study of history in their growth, and shape a "person" with flesh and blood and a blend of reason and reason, especially an independent personality. From this, I have a persistent belief, that is, I will start again at the age of forty, overcome my slackness, relaxation or fear of difficulties, strive to be a "thoughtful" history teacher, and make up my mind to make the class interesting, teach history deeply, generously and broadly, show its breadth, vividness and excitement, and explore the connotation of truth, goodness and beauty. ...

Born in sorrow, died in happiness. Everyone has gone from yesterday to today, and from today to tomorrow. As romantic figures throughout the ages, all of them have become passers-by without exception. The process of touching and reflecting on history is the process of cultural precipitation. History is a long and uninterrupted flow of time. What people perceive in reality is only a part of this long river of development, with some ups and downs, which arouse people's sighs about the changing stars and things that seem different from people. Judging from those people and things that have disappeared, it is exactly what Sima Qian said: "Tell the past and think about new people." History will give you a commanding height. There are two kinds of history, one is objective history, and the other is history in memory. The objective history is long gone, but the history in memory is still there. We can absorb it at any time, ponder it at any time, feel it and ruminate it, which is beneficial to the present and future development of mankind. Ask history, there are too many treasures! This complex is more than simple nostalgia. History disappears only by time, but what will never disappear is the memory of future generations.

The passage of time may erase many memories in people's hearts, but the past full of "blood and fire" is vivid, warning people to take it as a warning forever. The Analects of Confucius once warned: "He who has no long-term worries must have near worries." The ancient Greek philosopher said, "One cannot step into the same river twice." Didn't he just look in the rearview mirror and trudge slowly from past experiences and lessons? Description and recording, memory and explanation are rights that human beings will never give up. "Take history as a mirror and face the future", it can be said that history is the bag of human progress. Although it may be heavy, the journey is essential.

Imperialism forced China to sign more than 1 100 unequal treaties and plundered China's wealth on a large scale. According to statistics, in the past century, foreign invaders plundered war reparations and other funds through these unequal treaties as high as 654.38+000 billion taels of silver. Among them, eight unequal treaties, such as treaty of nanking, treaty of shimonoseki and Xin Chou Treaty, extorted compensation of195.3 million taels of silver, which was equivalent to 1.6 times of the revenue of the Qing government. However, Japan extorted 230 million taels of silver only through treaty of shimonoseki, which was equivalent to four and a half years' income of Japanese national finance at that time. The losses caused by the invaders' destruction and robbery in the war are even more difficult to estimate. During the Japanese full-scale war of aggression against China (1937- 1945), more than 930 cities in China were occupied, resulting in direct economic losses of 62 billion dollars and indirect economic losses of more than 500 billion dollars. The loss of national sovereignty and the plunder of social wealth have deprived the people of China of the minimum living conditions.

Fasten a "safety belt" for life

Safety in production is one of the key areas of supervision by the party and the government. The promulgation of the Law on Work Safety, the reform of the national safety supervision system and the severe punishment of violations of laws and regulations have aroused widespread concern. However, the situation of safe production in China is still grim, and accidents in high-risk industries such as coal mines occur frequently. According to the long-term goal of safe production, by 2007, a relatively perfect safety supervision system will be established in China, the situation of safe production in the whole country will improve steadily, the accident-prone situation in key industries and fields will be reversed, and the number of accident deaths in industrial and mining enterprises, the death rate of one million tons in coal mines and the death rate of 10,000 vehicles in road traffic will decrease.

Children can afford to go to school

In 2004, the average years of education of the population over 0/5 years old in China/KLOC was 8.3 years, which exceeded the world average of 0/year old. However, only 7.2% of the education practitioners have received higher education, and the investment in education is still seriously insufficient. In 2006, popularizing and consolidating rural compulsory education will become the top priority of education. The growth of fiscal expenditure on education will be higher than that of fiscal expenditure, teachers' salaries and public funds per student will gradually increase, and problems related to the vital interests of the people, such as poor school conditions, difficult operation and unreasonable education fees, will be gradually solved. By 20 10, the population coverage rate of nine-year compulsory education will be close to 100%.

See a doctor with peace of mind

In the past five years, China's medical and health undertakings have broken through the single development mode of the government, which is the fastest development period since the founding of New China. However, there are still many obstacles in the medical system and mechanism. The tendency of public medical institutions to pursue economic interests unilaterally is serious, and it is difficult and expensive to see a doctor for minor illnesses. In 2006, the pilot area of the new rural cooperative medical system was expanded to 40%, and the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty was further curbed; The state implements the necessary funds, supports the construction of township hospitals and county hospitals, and provides farmers with safe and cheap basic medical services; The development of community health services will provide basic medical services for urban low-income people.

Rest assured to drink water and eat meat.

In 2005, in order to strengthen pollution control and ecological protection, promote pollution prevention and control in key river basins, and focus on solving environmental pollution that seriously endangers people's health and safety, especially water pollution and air pollution, the state closed 15 small enterprises that wasted resources and polluted the environment, and implemented the discharge of industrial pollution sources within a time limit. In 2006, it has become one of the important goals of governments at all levels to let people drink clean water and breathe fresh air. The country has made it clear that by the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the energy consumption per unit of GDP in China will be reduced by about 20% compared with that at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and building an environment-friendly society has increasingly become the consensus of the whole society.

Set up an umbrella

In the first 65,438 months of 2005, 8.8 million urban jobs were created in China, achieving the goal of 40 million urban jobs during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period ahead of schedule. However, China has entered the peak period of working-age population growth, and the gap between labor supply and demand will still reach130,000 ~140,000 in the next few years. In the future, enterprises should not focus on pushing surplus personnel to the society, and the state will also establish an employment-oriented index system for vocational education and training institutions. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, 45 million new jobs will be created. Some discriminatory employment agreements will be banned. Optimizing the employment environment has become one of the important tasks of the government.

House ownership

In 2005, under the unified deployment of the State Council, many departments jointly managed the real estate market, and the market order improved. But for ordinary people, the price of commercial housing is still "high above". With the continuous implementation of the central government's policy of stabilizing housing prices, the real estate market will develop in the expected direction of restraining investment, controlling investment, guiding rational consumption and stabilizing housing prices, speculative purchases will be curbed, housing problems of low-and middle-income groups will receive more attention, and housing prices will be in line with the people in a wider range.

The elderly will get proper care.

Statistics show that in 2009, the social insurance premium of retirees nationwide increased by 19 times. However, at present, the coverage of public pension in China only accounts for 15% of the total population, and some retirees live in distress, and the rural elderly basically do not enjoy social security. With the continuous improvement of the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees, the coverage of basic old-age insurance will gradually expand, focusing on non-public enterprises, urban individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees. The state will gradually implement individual accounts for old-age insurance, and more and more people will live a life of old age and medical care.

* * * Enjoy the fruits of development.

In general, people's life in China has achieved a historic leap from subsistence to well-off, but the income or consumption share of the poorest population, which accounts for 20% of the total population, is only 4.7%, while that of the richest population, which accounts for 20% of the total population, is as high as 50%. In 2006, the government will start with adjusting the national income distribution system and the national fiscal expenditure structure, and establish a support and protection system for agriculture, so that public services can benefit farmers; In the future, new financial resources will focus on rural areas, agriculture and farmers, and the growth rate will be much higher than the growth rate of recurrent fiscal revenue; Strategic measures such as developing the western region, revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China and promoting the rise of central China will also accelerate the pace of prosperity.

Migrant workers get their wages in time.

With the great attention of the party and the government, various localities have set off wage-seeking actions. By the end of September, 2005, the arrears of projects completed before 2003 had been paid off 1, 4 1 billion yuan, accounting for 75.82% of the total arrears. However, the phenomenon of ignoring and infringing on the interests of migrant workers still occurs from time to time, and the working environment still needs to be fundamentally improved. In 2006, it became the unshirkable responsibility of governments at all levels to let migrant workers get their wages on time and in full. With the effective supervision of enterprises by the state, the behavior of owners will be further standardized, and the phenomenon of wage arrears in projects under construction and new construction will be curbed; The environment for farmers to work in cities will be more relaxed.

Life is more quality.

Statistics show that at present, the average travel rate of urban and rural residents in China reaches 84.8%, and cultural products are also greatly enriched. However, compared with the rising spiritual and cultural needs of the people, cultural service outlets are still far from perfect, and the high ticket prices in some scenic spots still make the people "flinch". In 2006, ordinary people were allowed to enjoy the scenery and enjoy a better quality of life, leaving more room for the government to think and work hard. With the advancement of cultural system reform, people will enjoy increasingly perfect cultural services; In rural areas, the popularity of cinemas, cultural centers, libraries and other facilities will greatly expand farmers' traditional concept of daily life.

China 1. 1 100 million people have solved the survival problem left over from the past century-the problem of food and clothing, which is a great achievement in the history of human development.

2. China people have formed the ability to challenge the outside world in the quantity and quality of low-end products, which has a far-reaching impact on the outside world.

On the basis of ample food and clothing, we are solving the problem of scientific and technological modernization in a down-to-earth manner. Now many developed countries have blocked China's projects, which will soon be solved; What is even more gratifying today is that we have solved these problems at prices far lower than those of developed countries in other regions.

4. It is unrealistic to say that China is already very strong; However, as a medium-sized country with a vast territory and 65.438+0.3 billion people adhering to socialism, no one can underestimate it, because we can easily use the power of the whole country to deal with foreign invasion and safeguard national unity.

We China people can live a life of 1000 yuan a month, and we are not afraid to throw pots and pans, which is unthinkable in developed countries.

6. The outside world is very helpless to China people.