The close planting of pears in dwarfing culture can shorten the shaping period, blossom and bear fruit early, improve the yield and quality, and achieve remarkable economic benefits, which is the inevitable trend of pear industrial production. The following introduces the planting method of dwarf pear trees and teaches you to master the dwarf and close planting technology of pear trees.

A, pear dwarf dense planting garden requirements

Plot selection: choose loam with sufficient light, slightly higher terrain, deep soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage. The plot has good soil permeability and large temperature difference between day and night, which is beneficial to the growth and development of pear trees and the improvement of fruit quality.

Requirements for soil preparation: Soil preparation should be carried out before soil freezing. The north-south planting ditch is excavated in the plain area according to the planting row spacing, with a width of 1m and a depth of 80cm. According to the planting row spacing in mountainous areas, the contour line is measured with a level, and then a horizontal ditch with the width of 1m is excavated around the mountain.

Planting density: the general planting density is 2? 3 ~ 4m, the plot with thick soil layer and good soil quality can be slightly thinner, and vice versa. After the planting ditch or horizontal ditch is dug, 5000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 ~ 100 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu.

2. Tree selection and pruning methods of pear dwarf close planting cultivation.

The dwarf and dense planting of pear trees adopts the heart shape of the grid in the plain and the spindle shape in the mountain.

1, the height of trunk with grid opening is 80cm, the opening angle of main branch is 60 ~ 70 degrees, and the opening angle of auxiliary branch is 80 ~ 90 degrees. After the auxiliary branches are opened, the branches are softened, and from the end of May to the beginning of June, 2 ~ 3 branches are circumcised for many times, with an interval of 5 ~ 10 cm, so as to alleviate the tree potential. wait for

When the height of the tree is 2 ~ 2.5m, it gradually drops to the height of 1.5m, and each tree keeps four backbone branches with the spacing of 20 ~ 25cm, which creates conditions for setting up the grid.

2. Spindle-shaped stems are 60cm high, the leading branches in the middle are lightly cut, and the competitive branches and crowded branches are sparse, so that the resulting branches are cultivated directly on the trunk.

After shaping, each plant is left with 8 ~ 10 large bearing branch groups, and each bearing branch group is evenly planted on the trunk in a spiral shape, with the upper part being a small bearing branch group, the middle part being a middle bearing branch group and the lower part being a large bearing branch group, with a distance of 25cm and a height of 2.5 ~ 3 m. ..

Three, pear dwarf close planting cultivation techniques

1. The function of rational use of pbo pbo is to control shoots and promote flowers, improve fruit setting rate and increase yield. Be sure to master the period and method of use according to different functions. The correct usage of pbo is:

In order to promote early flowering, early fruiting and early benefit, it is advisable to spray 200-fold liquid on the crown in mid-July and early August, and spray it in the sensitive period of calyx removal, that is, from the inflorescence separation period to the end of flowering, 300-350-fold liquid before flowering and 300-fold liquid at the end of flowering.

2. Flower and fruit management is mainly about flower thinning and fruit thinning, which is carried out from inflorescence separation to early flowering. There are 1 inflorescence every 20 ~ 25 cm, and each inflorescence has 2 ~ 3 marginal flowers. Fruit thinning can also be carried out within 15 ~ 20 days after flower withering, and fruit thinning can be carried out twice:

For the first time, the abnormal fruit, sick fruit and weak fruit were refined, and the optimal fruit was selected for the second time, and the redundant fruit was refined to achieve a reasonable load. The fruit thinning index is 55 ~ 65 ∶ 1.

3. Soil, fertilizer and water management before young trees germinate, topdressing urea, and the fertilizer application amount per plant is 0.3 ~ 0.5 kg. In July, topdressing compound fertilizer, 0.5 kg per plant. At the end of September, 5000kg organic fertilizer was applied every 667m2.

After the pear enters the full fruit period, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water to prevent the tree from weakening. Fertilize four times a year: before flowering, during flower bud differentiation, during fruit expansion and after fruit picking. Before flowering, nitrogen fertilizer was the main fertilizer, and 0.5 ~ 0.8 kg urea was applied topdressing per plant.

The flower bud differentiation stage is dominated by ternary compound fertilizer, with top dressing of 0.5 kg per plant. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were mainly applied in the fruit expansion period, and 0.35kg diammonium phosphate and 0.5kg potassium sulfate were applied topdressing per plant.

After picking the fruits, apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 5000 kg per mu. Combined with foliar fertilization, 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea solution was sprayed twice in June, 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed twice in July, and 300 times of amino acid compound micro-fertilizer was sprayed twice in August, with an interval of 15 days.

4. Pest control The main diseases of pear are scab, ring rot and rust. The main pests are psyllid, fruit eater, aphid, pear stinkbug and so on.

It is necessary to adhere to the policy of giving priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention, make predictions, use drugs in a timely and rational manner, promote the application of biological agents and mineral-derived pesticides, use a small amount of low-toxic pesticides, and prohibit the use of highly toxic pesticides.