Song Zhezong Zhao Xu was a good emperor. Song Zhezong Zhao Xu Zhezong was only 10 years old when he became king, and was ruled by the empress dowager. After the Empress Dowager Gao came to power, Sima Guang, a die-hard official, was appointed as prime minister. As soon as Sima Guang came to power, he abolished all the "Wang Anshi Reform" (Xining Reform) during Zongshen's rule. Song Zhezong was dissatisfied with the rule and repression of Sima Guang and Empress Dowager Gao. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Empress Dowager Gao died, and Zhezong was in charge. Philosophers' pro-government performance is to chase and demote Sima Guang, demote Su Shi, Su Zhe and other Lingnan (now Guangxi) old party member, and then reuse Zhang Dun, Ceng Bu and other reformists to restore the Baojia system, the exemption system and the young crops system in Wang Anshi's political reform, so as to reduce the burden on farmers and improve the national conditions. The following year, he changed to be less holy, stopped negotiations with Xixia, and sent troops to crusade against Xixia many times, forcing Xixia to make peace with the Song Dynasty. Fu Yuan died in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) in June of 5438+0 in the third year (1 100). Zhezong was a successful emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, the party struggle between the new party and the old party was not resolved, but intensified during Song Zhezong's administration, laying the groundwork for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Edit this paragraph: The Empress Dowager and the Film Emperor Yuan Feng. In February of the eighth year, Song Shenzong's illness became more and more serious, and he could no longer handle state affairs. Wang Zhao's servant is the Crown Prince, and the Queen Mother Gao temporarily listened to politics and agreed. Empress Dowager Cixi was born into a noble family. Her great-grandfather was Gao Qiong, a famous star in the early Song Dynasty, her mother was the granddaughter of Cao Bin, the founding father of the Northern Song Dynasty, and her aunt was Empress Renzong Cao. When Zhao Xushi was a child, the Empress Dowager and Yingzong both lived in the palace, and Cao regarded her as his own daughter. Later, Injong and Queen Cao personally presided over the wedding for them. At that time, there was a saying that "the son of heaven married his daughter, and the queen married her daughter." The marriage between the aristocratic family and the royal family undoubtedly helped to consolidate Gao's position in the palace. The Empress Dowager Gao experienced the establishment of a library by Renzong, the dispute between Yingzong and Xifeng's political reform in Renzong, Britain and God Dynasties. She has rich political experience and played an important role in ensuring that Zhezong inherited the throne. When he fell ill, his eldest son, Zhao Girl, the king of Yan 'an County, was only 65,438+00 years old, while his two younger brothers, Yong Wang, were 36 years old and Cao Wang, 30 years old. In terms of prestige, status and origin, both of them are qualified to be emperors. At that time, the ministers Cai Que and Xing Shu also had the intention of establishing two kings. They want to achieve their goal through Gao Gong's nephew's painting and Gao Gong's discipline. Uncle Xing invited them to his home in the name of flower viewing, telling them that Zongshen's illness was beyond his ability, that the king of Yan 'an County was young, and that Wang Yong and Wang Cao were very wise, and they might become heirs to the throne. Gao Gong was frightened and realized that this was Xing Shu's attempt to frame his family, so he left Xing Fu with Gao. Seeing that the plot was difficult to succeed, Cai Que and Xing Shu decided to make Zhao Servant the winning strategy, and took the opportunity to get rid of Wang Jue who had contradictions with Cai Que. When Cai really went to visit with Wang Jue, he asked Wang Jue what he thought of the opposite storage, but secretly sent Cai Jing, the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture, to ambush the killer in the dark, and killed Wang Jue as long as he had any objection. Wang Jue is a famous "Prime Minister of Three Orders" (the Temple said "take the imperial edict", after the emperor ruled, he said "receive the imperial edict" and conveyed the imperial edict as "receive the imperial edict"). Seeing that Cai did ask the other party, Wang Jue replied slowly: "The emperor has a son." The implication is to build a servant of Zhao. Wang Xuan is very opinionated this time. Cai had no choice but to publicize his great achievements, but opposed falsely accusing the Queen Mother Gao and Wang Xuan of abandoning Zhao's servants, which later caused him great disaster. Not only do North Korean ministers have other plans, but Zhao Hao and Zhao Qi are also very concerned about the election of the crown prince. They often visit Zongshen in the palace. After seeing Zongshen, Zhao Hao went straight to see Empress Dowager Cixi, trying to find out or talk about something. Zong Shen can only "glare" and seems to be aware of his brothers' intentions. On Zongshen's deathbed, Zhao Hao even asked to stay with Zongshen and wait at his bedside. Empress dowager cixi saw that the two princes had ulterior motives, so she ordered people to close the palace door and prohibit the two kings from entering and leaving Zongshen's bedroom, in fact, in order to prevent them from thinking. At the same time, it accelerated the pace of setting up Zhao's servant as a shop, and secretly asked someone to make a yellow robe for 10-year-old children in case of emergency. In March of this year, when the ministers came to see her, the Empress Dowager publicly praised the maid of Prince Zhao for her steady and clever personality. Since his illness, he has been copying Buddhist scriptures and praying for the gods, which is quite filial. He also handed the Buddhist scriptures copied by Zhao Maid to ministers. Ministers announced that the Queen Mother Gao immediately ordered people to find out Zhao's servant, read out the imperial edict, and made Zhao's servant the Crown Prince and changed his name. The dispute between the Crown Prince and the Crown Prince finally subsided. A few days later, Zongshen died, and Crown Prince Zhao Xu ascended the throne and changed his name to Yuan You. Since then, Empress Dowager Gao has been in power for eight years. Empress Gao was praised as "Yao and Shun among women" by later generations, but she was extremely blind and stubborn politically. During Zongshen period, Empress Dowager Gao was one of the main opponents of political reform. Together with empress Cao Renzong, she cried in front of Zongshen that Wang Anshi's new law had corrupted the family law of her ancestors and harmed the people all over the world. The first thing Empress Dowager Cixi did after the curtain fell was to recall Sima Guang, who was the most resolute in opposing political reform. During Zongshen Reform, Sima Guang lived in seclusion in Luoyang 15 years. Everyone knows that he may make a comeback in the future, calling him "Sima Xianggong", and many idle anti-reform officials also admire him. These people are the main force of Sima Guang's transformation after he took office. After Sima Guang was recalled to the imperial court, he immediately abolished the new law under the banner of "exchanging mothers for children" (changing the political measures of Zongshen dynasty in the name of Zongshen's mother and empress dowager), which was called "Yuan You Geng Hua" in history. Sima Guang's abrogation of the new law cannot but be said that he brought the political influence of his repressed personal feelings into 10 years. However, Empress Dowager Cixi not only blindly trusted Sima Guang and entrusted him with an important task, but also carried out measures against the political reform to the end after Sima Guang's death, using a large number of opposition officials such as Wen Yanbo, Lv Gongzhu, Fan Chunren and Lu Dafang, and expelling officials such as Lv Huiqing, Zhang Dun and Cai Que who supported the political reform from the court, which intensified the struggle within the ruling group. When Empress Dowager Gao acceded to the throne, she kept saying that she was quiet by nature and listened to politics out of helplessness, but she did not relax her power at all. During the period when Empress Dowager Cixi listened to politics, she and several ministers handled all military affairs, and young philosophers had little say in state affairs. Ministers also believe that Zhezong is young and everything depends on the Empress Dowager. In the court, the throne of Zhezong is opposite to the seat of the Empress Dowager. Ministers always tell the Empress Dowager that they turn their backs on Zhezong and never report back to Zhezong. As a result, when Zhezong came to power, he said that in North Korea, he could only look at the hips and backs of officials. By the age of Zhezong 17, Empress Dowager Gao should have returned to politics, but she still actively listened to politics. At this time, the ministers still invited the Queen Mother in advance, and they must listen to the Queen Mother when announcing the decree, and did not persuade the wife to withdraw the curtain. This attitude of the Empress Dowager and the ministers annoyed Zhezong, who was very dissatisfied with them, which was one of the reasons why Zhezong strongly condemned the ministers after he took office. Although Empress Dowager Cixi and her ministers did not consider the feelings of Zhezong when they listened to politics, they did not relax their education on Zhezong. Lv Gongzhu, Fan Chunren, Su Shi, Fan Zuyu and Empress Dowager Cixi served as reading ministers of Zhezong. Through education, she wants to make Zhezong an emperor who abides by his ancestors' statutes and understands Confucian classics. In particular, she wants Zhezong to worship Song Renzong instead of Song Shenzong, because Renzong has created a peaceful and prosperous time that is talked about by scholars. In addition, Empress Dowager Gao is also very strict with Zhezong in her life. In order to prevent Zhezong from indulging in womanhood, Empress Dowager Cixi sent 20 older maids to take care of his daily life, and often let Zhezong sleep in the attic in front of his couch at night, which was equivalent to limiting his free space. However, in December of the fourth year of Yuan You (1089), the story of finding a wet nurse in the palace spread among the people. Minister Liu Anshi was shocked to learn that Zhezong was only 14 years old at this time, and the harem actually looked for a wet nurse. Is it the emperor's indulgence? Liu Anshi wrote a letter warning Zhezong's self-esteem. Another minister, Fan Zuyu, went directly to the Queen Mother Gao, and his words were extremely fierce. Empress Dowager Gao explained that the little princess left behind was young and needed the care of a wet nurse, but privately she called all the maids around Zhezong for interrogation. Zhezong later recalled that the ladies-in-waiting were all red, swollen and pale, and he was afraid. Later, he learned that Liu Hefan had secretly accused him, but he didn't know it. Although these practices of the Empress Dowager Gao were designed to care for and protect Zhezong, they made Zhezong feel suffocated and virtually enhanced his rebellious psychology.