Start-start, drink-drink, give-give, ring-ring, sing-sing, sit-sit, swim-swim
2. Change the I in the stressed opening syllable to O to become the past tense. For example:
Drive-drive, ride-ride, write-write.
3. Change the aw /ow in the prototype of the verb to ew, which becomes the past tense. For example:
Draw-drew, grow-grow, know-know, throw-throw (except the verb show, show-showed).
4. the e in the verb prototype is changed to o, which becomes the past tense. For example:
Get-get, forget-forget
5. the ee in the verb prototype is changed to e, which becomes the past tense. For example:
Hello-hello, satisfaction-satisfaction
6. The eep in the verb prototype is changed to ept, which becomes the past tense. For example:
Keep-keep, sleep-sleep, clean-clean.
7. The verb "eak" in the prototype was changed to "oke", which became the past tense. For example:
Break-break, talk-talk
8. The original verb "ell" was changed to "old" and became a past tense. For example:
Sell-sell, tell-tell.
9. The an in the verb prototype was changed to oo, which became the past tense. For example:
Stand-stand, understand-understand.
10. Past tense ending in ought and aught and pronounced as [:t]. For example:
Bring-bring, buy-buy, think-think, grasp-grasp, teach-teach.
1 1. Modal verb past tense ending in ould, pronounced as [[〔ud〕]]. For example:
Can-can, should-should, will-will.
12. Change the O in the prototype of the verb to A to become the past tense. For example:
Come-come, become-become.
13. adding d or t after the verb prototype becomes the past tense and the sound changes. For example:
hear〔hi〕heard〔h:d〕say〔sei〕said〔sed〕mean〔mi:n〕mean〔ment〕
14. The past tense of the verb is the same as the original verb. For example:
Let-let, must-must, put-put, read-read [red]
15. Verb past tense that does not conform to the above rules. For example:
am，is-was，are-was，build-build，do-did，eat-eat，fall-fell，feel-feel，find-found，fly-fly，go-go，have/has-have，hold-hold，leave-left，make-made，may-may，run-ran，see-saw，take-take