Persimmon trees are cultivated as fruit trees all over the country. Due to the shade of leaves, the mature fruits are red and orange, and the autumn leaves are red and lovely. It is also widely used in urban greening as a good greening tree species.

[Morphological characteristics]

Deciduous trees, conical crown, thick leaves, oval or obovate, shiny surface. The flowers are dioecious or heterozygous, solitary or clustered in the axils of new branches, open in May, and the corolla is bell-shaped, initially milky white, and then becomes milky yellow. Berries are oblate and orange, and mature from September to 6 5438+ 10 (see color picture 6 5).

There are more than 900 varieties of persimmon cultivated in China, all of which are cultivated as fruit trees. Also suitable for urban greening species are:

Lotus leaves are long and narrow, the back is gray-green, the fruit is spherical, orange-yellow when young, blue-black and frosty when mature.

Black persimmon, also known as golden marble, is a small tree or shrub with fragrant flowers, especially in the evening. Slow growth, low tree, suitable for bonsai.

D.armata, vase orchid, with dark green leaves, milky white flowers, fragrant flowers and short plants, can be used as bonsai.

Deciduous shrub with spiny branches, oval rhombic leaves and oval fruit, about 2 cm in diameter, orange-red when mature, waxy and shiny. At present, most of them are wild, which is very ornamental and worth popularizing.

[distribution]

Originated in China, it is widely distributed in Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Taiwan Province and other provinces in the Yangtze River basin.

[habit]

Positive trees, like warm and cold, can adapt to the annual average temperature above 9℃ and the absolute minimum temperature below -20℃. Drought tolerance is strong, but the annual rainfall is not less than 500 mm, and the requirements for soil are not strict. Acidic, neutral and calcareous soils can grow, and loam or cohesive soil with good drainage and rich organic matter is the most suitable. Also tolerant to mild saline-alkali soil, but do not like sandy soil. Deep roots, developed roots, strong water absorption and fertility, strong germination and long life.

[Propagation, Cultivation and Maintenance]

Grafting propagation is commonly used. In the north, Junqianzi is used as the rootstock, and in the south, wild persimmon, oil persimmon or old persimmon are used. Persimmon trees are rich in tannins, and it is difficult to graft and heal, so it is necessary to master the appropriate grafting time. The highest survival rate of branch grafting is when the sap begins to flow in spring. Bud grafting is most suitable when flowering. When grafting, taking buds and cutting rootstocks should not be delayed for too long, so as to avoid the contact between the injured surface of scion and rootstock and the air for too long, forming an isolation layer and affecting the survival rate. The scion used for branch grafting is selected from the vegetative branches of 1 year, and the bud grafting is based on the latent buds of the previous year or the leaf buds of the current year. There are two grafting methods: split grafting and cut grafting, among which split grafting is widely used and bud grafting is the most common. Under careful management, the grafted seedlings can reach 50 cm that year, and then cultivated in the next spring. According to the different requirements for the size of seedlings, the time to leave the nursery is determined. Planting site should choose sunny slope with deep soil layer, good drainage, moist and fertile. After defoliation in winter, it can be transplanted before germination in spring, and big seedlings need mud balls. In the future, we will carry out tending management such as ploughing, fertilization, shaping and pruning every year.

The main pests and diseases are persimmon angular leaf spot, leaf spot, anthracnose, scab, leaf blight, powdery mildew, eucalyptus moth, paramecium japonicum, tea yellow moth, egg tooth claw gill beetle, red wax scale, brown leaf curl moth, black thorn moth and so on. Prevention and treatment methods: ① Remove diseased leaves and burn them. Spray Bordeaux mixture, zineb and carbendazim several times at the beginning of the disease, and spray triadimefon when powdery mildew is serious. (2) Light traps and kills adults, and sprays any chemicals such as dichlorvos, trichlorfon, and fenitrothion during the larval or nymph period.

[Appreciation and Application]

The leaves of persimmon branches are very big and spread like umbrellas. In autumn, the leaves are red and Dan is like fire. It is a good tree species for viewing leaves and fruits. Gardens can be planted individually, or in groups around lawns, lakesides, Chi Pan, on both sides of garden roads and near buildings, which are all suitable.