-Material selection and cultivation management
Material selection'
Material selection is the basic work of directional training and creation, and plays a decisive role in cultivating the taste of works. The selection of materials generally follows the law of "one root, two stems and three positions", that is, no matter what form of materials, the root board should be strong, and it is best to eradicate it from all sides and lay a solid foundation, giving people a sense of stability; The connection between the base and the root should be smooth, without "disconnection" and dead angle. The base is huge, the base changes naturally, the lines are beautiful, the transition is symmetrical, the cross section can be carved and deformed, and there are strip-shaped cultivation or grafting points. Only the black pine pile with the above potential has the value of directional cultivation.
Training and management
Black pine is not cold-resistant, especially downhill piles are most afraid of frozen roots. According to my years of transplanting experience with Zhuangnong, the suitable transplanting time in Sulu, Anhui and its surrounding areas is March-May, the best transplanting time is around Qingming, and the worst transplanting time is winter solstice and severe cold. When transplanting, taking good soil balls, properly pruning branches and leaves, not forcibly pruning, and keeping proper branches and leaves with water are another key to the survival of transplanting. Soft weathered rock is the best soil for planting piles. The bottom layer is covered with large-grained weathered rock with a thickness of 10cm, and the soil ball is placed flat on it, and the angle is adjusted, surrounded by weathered rock and filled with water. Large-scale heap culture is suitable for planting similar to sweet potato stalks, which is easy to manage, has no early waterlogging, high survival rate and lush growth. According to many years' experience, the mud planting method is the most effective method to improve the survival rate, that is, connecting the hard pipe to the front end of the plastic pipe and watering along the periphery of the soil ball, so that mud can be poured around the soil ball to ensure the close contact between the soil and the root system, which is beneficial to water absorption and the formation of new "bean sprouts" through soil ball infiltration. In management, keep the original soil ball moist, spray foliar water in the morning and evening to avoid the long-term water performance of the original soil ball, avoid spraying foliar water when the sun is shining at noon, and avoid planting greenhouses down the mountain. In pest control, pesticides are mainly applied regularly (especially in May and June of 5438+ 10) to control red spiders and pine aphids.
Second, the directional cultivation of black pine piles
According to the physiological characteristics and growth law of Pinus thunbergii, the cultivation and transformation were carried out according to the requirements of bonsai art English examination, in order to achieve the predetermined effect. The specific practice is as follows.
Root training
As the saying goes, the roots are deep and leafy, and the roots are developed and strong, so that the black pine can flourish and have strong disease resistance. Black pine is a deep-rooted and penetrating tree species. In the practice of pile cultivation, water control training is carried out for piles that have survived underground for more than one year, and at the same time, no pruning is carried out to promote photosynthesis, promote root growth and rejuvenate plants.
Scientific fertilizer distribution and use
Black pine is the living body of Tricholoma matsutake. According to this feature, if the reproduction of Tricholoma matsutake can be taken into account in fertilizer distribution and fertilization, then the two will complement each other. At the same time, the absorption of nutrients by black pine follows the barrel effect, that is, the absorption of nutrients is proportional, so it pays attention to the balanced collocation of various nutrients. In this paper, pig manure, cold-pressed bean cake, ferrous sulfate, defatted bone meal and other raw materials were mixed and fermented in a certain proportion to make organic fertilizer, which was used to cultivate black pine and achieved remarkable results. Annual branches can grow to 2cm-2.5cm thick, biennial branches can grow to 4 cm-4.5 cm thick, and 8-year-old branches can grow to 15cm-20cm thick. Some branches germinate twice a year, the scar on the cross section heals quickly, and the plants are strong and disease-free, which greatly shortens the pile-raising period.
initial setting
This work can be started after 1-2 years of downhill stacking, including basic work such as selecting ornamental surfaces, phase modulation and taking advantage of the situation, selecting ideal storage and maintenance, and filling strips. First, find out the root disk from the root, choose the best viewing surface according to the trend of the trunk, adjust the angle and make a simple renderings. On this basis, the ideal primary branch is selected for storage. The primary branch of pile is a valuable resource. Generally, the top branch used for directional culture is the best on the front side of the stem, followed by the strong moving side, the weak moving side and the opposite side. When there are no important strips, use subcutaneous joints or abutments to fill the position.
connect/get in touch
Using modern science and technology and new bonsai theory, the cultivation of pile materials is initially positioned and created, and the process includes cutting piles, adjusting branch direction, constructing skeleton and branch layout, and profile processing. After careful judgment, the useless thousand branches are eliminated (the thick stems are reserved for carving as appropriate); According to the trend of the main line and the expected thinking, bend and cultivate branches. The thinner branches can be adjusted directly with aluminum wire, and the thicker branches should be tightly wrapped with cotton strips or hemp thread and then wrapped with aluminum wire. With the help of crowbar and lever principle, the opening inspection method is most suitable for thick bending. According to the expected creativity or effect diagram, the reserved creative branches are bent, leaving strong buds to elongate, so that thickening and film cultivation can be carried out at the same time. The section of black pine tomb should be small but not large, and the section of waterless line should not be broken. The cross section of branch storage should be carried out under the condition that the branch leaf basin has enough water, so as to avoid the main branch losing water, affecting the healing and causing line defects. The cut surface of the branch storage must be carefully carved, and the lines after wound healing must conform to nature. According to years of comparison, March-August is the suitable season for slicing and carving, but winter is not suitable for operation. Using yellow mud to seal the wound has better healing effect than using common healing agent, which is simple and easy to operate, and callus can also form quickly at the place where oil is usually produced.
Breeding in the right place
This stage is the key link of orientation training, which takes a long time and is difficult to manage. There are three key aspects during the period. First, focus on cultivating sacrificial branches, in order to make the first-level transition of sacrificial branches. To cultivate sacrificial branches, we must first cultivate strong buds and apical advantages, and support the development space to a high place with wooden sticks when necessary to increase photosynthetic capacity; Second, use fertilizer scientifically. Self-made organic fertilizer does not damage the roots twice a year, supplemented by big water, and the growth rate is amazing. In that year, the strip can grow to 2.5cm. Third, strengthen management: the key point of management is pruning, timely pruning and ventilation, protecting the internal bud points, preventing the strip from falling off and boring, thickening and lengthening, and it is not necessary to cut off the strong buds to control its growth. Treat the roots in stages, cut off or chop off the thick roots, and sort out the messy roots for pots. Spraying carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and other drugs alternately before the rainy season to prevent bacterial diseases such as bacterial leaf blight, leaf rust and dead branch disease. In May-June and June, diflubenzuron, carbendazim powder, abamectin and abamectin were used to control pine aphid and red spider respectively.
Upstream basin and management
After a period of intensive cultivation, the main line has been connected and the transition is clear. At this time, we can go to the basin. The best service time in this basin is March and April. Remove the sacrificial branches and clean the roots when removing the pots. You can put the pot in. After taking the basin, it will be further adjusted, and the work will be improved by technical means such as short needles. In management, change pots every 3-5 years and apply organic fertilizer once a year to strengthen disease prevention and insect control.
Third, some experience.
Urgent need to develop special fertilizer for pine bonsai
Black pine is the living body of pine fungus, and its special physiological characteristics determine its special management measures such as water and fertilizer. At present, domestic pine fertilizer, especially the special fertilizer for black pine bonsai, is still blank. Products imported from Japan, the price is low. Most bonsai growers give it up. Some bonsai practitioners and enthusiasts use chemical fertilizer, some use cake fertilizer, sesame oil residue and so on. Some even use unfermented poultry manure and manure. Due to incomplete and unbalanced nutrition, excessive internal heat, parasites and plants grow poorly and even die seriously. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the special fat witch for pine bonsai. After many years of exploration and experiments, we have developed a special fertilizer for organic pine trees with our own indigenous methods. It can loosen soil, prevent soil from hardening, increase air permeability, provide comprehensive nutrition and trace elements for black pine from the perspective of improving ecology, not only provide nutrition for trees, but also improve their living environment, not only raise trees and bacteria, but also greatly promote the rapid growth and scar healing of black pine and improve tree lattice. The formula is worthy of further study and improvement, and is worthy of large-scale popularization and application.
Analysis of the effects, advantages and disadvantages of several thick dry bending technologies
Thick bending is one of the common difficulties in the cultivation and creation of black pine piles. In creative practice, the common technical means are as follows. One is to break the stem and cut off the xylem for bending. Mr Kobayashi gave a demonstration performance in Yangzhou. This method is basically hollowing out the xylem of the tree, winding aluminum wires and making a bend with the help of a lever. Personally, I think that the section is too large, the wound is difficult to heal, and the bend is easy to form a knot, which will destroy the main line and affect the tree lattice, and it is not suitable for pine tree bend. The second method is to bend the wood at a 45-degree angle where it needs to be bent by drilling with an electric drill. The advantage of this method is that the wood is easy to bend after hollowing out, but the amplitude is difficult to grasp, which is easy to cause local necrosis of the trunk, serious plant death, and some bending parts are raised and raised, which affects the tree lattice. Third, twine the trunk with hemp rope and wrap it with aluminum wire for protection. With the help of force point and lever principle, it can be bent hard without breaking dry. The advantage of this method is that it has little damage to the main line and bends naturally, but it needs to be done step by step, and it is easy to cause failure if the strength is not mastered well. Fourth, plant bends. That is to say, the curved part is traced with a hook knife and a narrow chisel. Take out the wood, determine the length, width and depth of the groove according to the thickness of the bent part, and then bend it as a benchmark to close the coffin. The dry thickness should be wider, deeper and longer, and the dry details should be narrower, shallower and shorter. If it is thin, you can use a paper cutter to penetrate it (don't break the trunk of the black pine with dry cutting pliers). After starting the pump, wrap it in the right direction with cotton tape, put on aluminum wire and bend it by lever principle. This method is simple and easy to bend, with high success rate, white bending and good wound healing, which is worth popularizing.
Cultivation and creation are interrelated. We should not neglect one thing and another.
In fact, the whole creative process of Heisongzhuang is to cultivate-create-re-cultivate-re-create multiple loop. Practice and creation are interrelated, practice serves creation, and creation depends on practice, so all links should not be neglected, and stacking blanks can only be wasted and will never be used; However, it is impossible to make a work if you redo it and make minor repairs. The organic combination of the two can solve some problems, especially the problem of broken trees, and make some piles that can not be used as bonsai become excellent bonsai works. Black pine is a precious bonsai resource in China, and the resource number F is relatively small (currently only produced in Jiaodong Peninsula). After years of indiscriminate mining and excavation, the destruction of resources is extremely strict and almost extinct. However, in the existing mature piles, some truncated piles with good plug foundation but poor transition are abandoned or ignored. What's more, they are eager for quick success and instant benefit, twisting very thin branches into dog tails, making hats and wearing them on large truncated piles as bonsai, which has caused great waste of resources. Directional culture can solve this problem, turn waste into treasure, and rationally develop and utilize the bonsai resources of Pinus thunbergii, which is of great significance to the healthy development of bonsai in China.