Latin scientific name: Mei

Named after apricot

English name: Mumeplant Japanese

Alias: Chun Mei, dried plum, red plum, green plum, green plum, etc.

Rosaceae, Prunus.

Morphological characteristics:

The plant height is about 10m, and the trunk is brownish purple with multiple longitudinal lines. Branchlets are green. Leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate, margin serrate. 65438+ 0 ~ 2 flowers per node, sessile or short-stalked, the original species is pale pink or white, and the cultivated varieties are purple, red and colored spots to yellowish colors, which bloom in early spring. Plum blossoms can be divided into departments, classes and types. Such as real plum, apricot, cherry plum, etc. Plum blossom is a small deciduous tree, with grayish brown trunk, slender green hairless branchlets, oval or round leaves, fine teeth on the leaf margin, and flower buds in the axils of long branches, with 1-2 flowers per node, fragrant, 5 petals, white to water red, double petals. The drupe is nearly spherical, with suture, yellow or green, pilose and sour, and the pulp is not easy to separate from the drupe, and the fruit matures in June and July. (See Figure 2- 1)

There are many varieties and types of plum blossoms. At present, there are more than 30 varieties, which can be divided into right-angled plum, Zhao and Longyoumei according to their branches and growth posture. According to the pattern, it can be divided into palace powder, red plum, Zhao, green calyx, scarlet, jade butterfly and other types. Among them, palace powder is the most common, with pink flowers and dense and thick flowers; Jade butterfly-shaped flowers are purple and white; Green calyx flowers are white and fragrant, especially "money green calyx".

Origin and habit:

Plum blossom originated in the southwest of China, and wild plum first evolved into ornamental plum, which is a branch of plum blossom. China wild plum has four sub-centers, namely, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei mountainous areas; Southeast Hubei, northeast Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang mountainous areas; Guangdong and Guangxi, southern Jiangxi mountainous areas and Fujian and Taipei areas. This is a deciduous tree. Meixi has a warm climate, and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Meixi has a high air humidity, but it avoids heavy rain during flowering. Plum blossoms can grow well in areas where the annual rainfall is above 1000mm, and the requirements for soil are not strict and relatively poor. Active tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. The flowering period in the Yangtze River basin is from February to March. Wild plums are distributed in high altitude areas such as Sichuan, Hubei and Guangxi. Plum blossoms cultivated in the south of the Yellow River can safely overwinter in the open air, and hybrid plum blossoms have successfully overwintered in the open air in Beijing. Plum blossoms like a warm and slightly humid climate, slightly tolerant of shade and not afraid of cold. The soil is light soil and sandy soil, which is rich in humus and easy to grow on medium clay loam. Chengdu, Sichuan, is famous for plum blossoms since ancient times. Song Dynasty poet Lu You's poem "Flowers in Yongmei" said: "I went to the west of the city and got drunk for plum blossoms. Twenty Li Xiang, Qingyang Palace to Huanhuaxi ".

Propagation and culture:

Grafting is commonly used in reproduction, and the rootstocks are mostly plum, peach, apricot, wild apricot and wild peach. Plum blossoms should be cultivated in the open space on sunny or semi-sunny slopes with a spacing of 3 ~ 5m. Usually in the growing period, that is, from autumn to early winter, fertilizer is applied three times, such as cake fertilizer compost, manure and so on. Apply quick-acting fertilizer before budding; After the new shoots stop growing (from the end of June to the beginning of July), appropriate water control and fertilization are applied to promote flower bud differentiation. Plum blossoms are suitable for bonsai cultivation. Put the plants that have been cultivated in the field for several years in a flowerpot. Pot soil should be soft, loose and fertile, and it should be trimmed before and after planting.

Application:

In gardens, greenbelts, gardens and scenic spots, single planting, cluster planting, group planting, etc. It can also be planted naturally in front of houses, on slopes, between rocks and on roadsides. If evergreen trees or dark buildings are used as the background, the beauty of plum blossoms can be set off. Such as pine, bamboo and plum, with pine as the background, bamboo as the guest scene and plum as the main scene. In ancient times, it was emphasized that "plum blossoms around the house" and "going upstairs to see plum blossoms" were all for the best viewing effect. In addition, plum blossoms can be arranged into Meiling, Mei Feng, Meiyuan, Meixi, Meijing and Meiwu. Plum blossom is pure and elegant, and it is an important ornamental flower in winter and spring. It can be planted in pieces, and can also be used as bonsai and cut flowers to beautify the environment such as the courtyard. Plums can be eaten raw to quench thirst, and can also be made into candied fruit such as preserved plum and dried plum, plum sauce and sauce. Fruit as medicine has antipyretic, antitussive, anthelmintic and dysentery relieving effects; Flower root medicine can promote blood circulation and detoxify, benefit the lungs and resolve phlegm. In addition, fruits and bark can also be used to make dyes; The trunk is an important material for handicraft carving because of its excellent material and delicate texture.

Related stories:

According to legend, when Cho Se Ung visited Luo Fu in Sui Dynasty, he dreamed of drinking at night with a plain-looking woman. The woman is fragrant, and there is a young man in green, singing and dancing. At dawn, Cho Se Ung woke up and found himself sleeping under a big plum tree, and the kingfisher was singing. The girl in the dream is a plum tree and the boy in green is a kingfisher. At this time, the moon has set and the stars in the sky are crooked. Cho Se Ung was lonely and melancholy, and was later used as an allusion to plum blossoms.

Mei Pu said that there is a kind of plum in Shaoxing and Xing Wu, which is called Taimei: "The moss must hang down between branches, or several inches long, and the wind can play the moss."

According to the legend of Wulin, there are two kinds of moss: one is very thick and has many flowers; A kind of moss is like a filament, more than a foot long.

Zaomei

plum

East wind and west wind, leaves are empty in the middle of Gunmushan.

Only plum blossoms can't be blown out, and they are still new and white.

Red Plum

Su Shi

Every year, the fragrant letter bears red berries, and the river hangs down to open.

Take care of your feelings and send spring directly to your roots.

Zaomei

liu zongyuan

Early plum trees reflect Chu Tianbi.

The north wind is floating in Ye Xiang, and the frost is white.

I want to fold it and send it thousands of miles away, but there is no way to answer the question.

Seeing that the cold winter is about to wither, what can I use to comfort my distant friends?

Yamagata Xiaomei

Limbu

Flowers withered, unique plum blossoms swept out against the wind, and the scenery of the small park was beautiful.

"Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk."

Frost birds want to see first, and pink butterflies like to know each other.

Fortunately, there are micro songs to compare, and you don't need to be good at the golden urn.

Chinese plum

Jiang

There was a plum tree in front of Bai Yutang, and now it has several flowers.

Several doors are closed, how can Chunguang come in?

Xue Mei

Lu Meipo

For the sake of spring, Xue Mei refused to surrender, and the poet put down his manuscript fee to comment on this chapter.

The snow in Mei Xu Xun is three points white, but the snow has lost a piece of Mei Xiang.

Chinese plum

Wang Anshi

There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone.

I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming.

Zaomei

Wowkie Zhang

Next to Lincunxi Bridge, there is a cold plum and white jade belt.

I don't know whether it will start in the near future, but it is suspected that it has not been sold by Chun Xue.