Planting pomelo trees needs warmth and humidity, rich water and deep fertile soil. Pomelo trees should pay special attention to planting in fertile soil, water-rich land or places with good water conditions.
1, planting time
Generally speaking, the rainy season in spring and autumn is suitable. Spring from the end of February to the end of April; Autumn from mid September to mid June 10. If conditions permit, it can be planted in other seasons, but it is not suitable for planting under low temperature in winter and drought in summer.
2. Planting density
The plant spacing is 4× 4m or 4× 5m. Generally, about 40 plants can be planted per mu, or 50-60 plants can be planted in short density.
3. Planting method
(1) Before planting, dig a pit 1 m square, apply a large amount of organic fertilizer and a proper amount of phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, and return the soil to 20-30 cm above the ground.
(2) When planting, gently put the seedlings into the holes, plant them with loose fine soil, and compact the fine mud around the root groups by hand to expose the joints to the ground.
(3) After planting, arrange the nest plates 20 cm above the ground and fill them with root water.
Young trees with small amount of fertilizer and tender roots should be applied thinly and frequently, which can be applied 5-6 times a year. Generally, it is necessary to apply fertilizer four times to the fruiting trees, that is, returning fertilizer, accelerating germination fertilizer, stabilizing fruit fertilizer and strengthening fruit fertilizer.
1. Returning fertilizer (base fertilizer): It should be applied before and after fruit picking, and its fertilization amount accounts for half of the annual fertilization amount. Slow-acting fertilizers, such as green manure, compost, manure and cake fertilizer, should be applied in large quantities, together with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer.
2. Germination accelerating fertilizer (pre-flowering fertilizer): usually carried out in February-March. This kind of fertilizer should be mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, mainly human and animal manure, and properly combined with urea.
3. Fruit-stabilizing fertilizer: quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer can be applied in the first half month of fruit dropping in June, decomposed human and animal manure can be applied, and calcium superphosphate 1% leaching solution can be sprayed.
4. Strong fruit fertilizer: applied in the middle and late June, with available nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Irrigation and drainage pomelo trees are evergreen all the year round, with large annual growth of branches and shoots, long fruiting period, large leaves and fruits, and high requirements for water. The cultivation of pomelo trees must ensure their water demand through irrigation, which should be based on the water demand of pomelo trees in each phenological period and the drought situation at that time. Generally speaking, the growth and development of Hejiang need a proper amount of water, especially in the spring bud germination period, flowering period and fruit growth peak period. Hejiang is dry in spring and dry in summer, so irrigation must be carried out at this time.
Pay attention to drainage in places with low terrain and high groundwater level or in rainy season. Before rainy season or rainstorm season, check the drainage system of pomelo garden at any time, and timely repair and dredge it to ensure smooth drainage.
How to do the shaping and pruning of pomelo trees? The tree is strong, the tree is tall, the young tree is full of fertilizer and water, and the top advantage is strong when the branches grow upright, which is easy to form an obvious trunk tree shape, with many new branches and strong branches. As a result, the branches are heavy and drooping, and the branches bend downward to form an umbrella tree. Light is not easy to penetrate into the canopy, but the decline of branches is small. The fruiting branches of pomelo trees are mostly in the crown, which are biennial leafless branches (commonly known as claws)
According to the growth and fruiting characteristics of pomelo trees, it is appropriate to choose "lateral stem shape" and "natural happy shape" in production, with stem height of 40-60 cm and main branch spacing of 30-40 cm, and cultivate 5-6 main branches.
When pruning pomelo trees, it should be "heavy on the top, light on the four sides, heavy on the periphery and light on the inside", that is, pruning around the crown is sparse, then pruning the top branches and lightly pruning the internal branches, so that the light inside the crown is good, and there are many fruits and good quality. Generally, the slender leafless branches on the 3-4-year-old side branches in the crown are excellent fruiting mother branches and must be preserved. The side branches that are too long or disturb the tree shape around the crown and affect the balance of tree potential should be thinned to achieve the purpose of ventilation. If the tree is strong, it should be cut down again, and if it is weak, it should be cut down lightly.