First, autumn loquat pruning: this period is the bud stage of loquat. Pruning in this period is to adjust the ratio of fruiting branches to vegetative branches, solve the contradiction between reproductive growth and vegetative growth, accumulate nutrients, promote the development of fruiting branches and improve the fruit setting rate. Pruning in this period should be carried out according to the situation of loquat trees and the loosening of flowers and buds. Generally, it is necessary to prune loquat buds according to the amount of flowers when they first bloom, and the time is mostly in September-165438+1October. 2. Pruning methods The methods to increase the angle of branches include sprouting (except sprouting), thinning, short cutting, shrinking, bracing, pulling and hanging. Loquat orchard can choose some methods according to the specific situation. 1. Bud wiping: Before the seedlings are sown in the field, the healthy and full buds should be kept in the proper position, and the redundant buds should be wiped off. This method saves nutrients, makes the tree shape of young trees meet the requirements of plastic surgery, cultivates strong backbone branches and improves the tree potential; The sprouting of mature fruit trees makes the sprouting branches have proper orientation, thick branches, proper interlayer distance, ventilation and light transmission, and improves the fruit quality. Before new buds germinate in spring and autumn, the bud wiping time is divided into 2-3 times. Young trees should not sprout too much, otherwise the tree vigor will be weakened, the flowering and fruit-setting time of loquat will be prolonged, and the economic benefits of loquat orchard will be reduced. 2. Thinning: Cutting branches from the base is called thinning. Thinning branches can reduce the number of branches, relieve the tree vigor, adjust the yield per plant, improve the ventilation and light transmission of the crown, improve the fruit quality and yield of the tree, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. This method is generally carried out in the growth and development period of loquat fruit in early spring, combined with flower thinning and fruit thinning. 3. Short cut (short cut): According to the degree of pruning, it can be divided into light cut, medium cut and heavy cut. Light cutting is to cut off only part of the top branches of annual branches, and generally cut off about 1/3 of the whole branches. Its purpose is to weaken the top advantage, relieve the tree potential and branch potential, promote the growth of base branches and extract new branches. Generally, light cutting is prepared for storing nutrients in fruit branches. Cut off the saturated buds in the middle and upper part of the annual branch, and generally cut off about 1/2 of the whole branch tip. Its purpose is to encourage the vigorous growth of its branches, which can be used to cultivate fruiting branches and improve the flower quantity and fruit setting rate. Re-cut to the middle and lower part or near the base of annual branches, that is, cut off 3/4 or all branches. This method cuts off all or part of long branches, slender branches, dead branches, cross branches and drooping branches. There should not be too many heavy branches, otherwise it will affect the growth of young trees or the yield and benefit of adult fruit trees. 4. Retraction: Cut off some perennial branches or branches to renew and rejuvenate, cut off diseased branches and dead branches, accumulate nutrients and restore tree vigor. This method is generally used for adult trees and old and weak trees. 5. Support, pull and hang: Support is to spread branches with sticks or branches; Pulling is pulling the branches on the trunk with a rope; Hanging is to hang branches with heavy objects, change the direction of branches and increase the angle. This method is often used in large adult loquat orchards. The purpose of these three methods is to weaken the apical dominance, promote the fruiting of adult trees or the shaping of young trees, adjust the density of branches and leaves, improve the illumination in the crown, increase ventilation and light transmission, and make the fruiting branches suitable. These three methods are generally carried out after loquat buds appear in autumn and before fruiting. 6. Twist the tip to hold the branch: hold the lower part of the branch by hand, and twist is called twist tip; Holding the lower part of a branch by hand and bending it to the top so that it makes a slight noise without breaking, is called holding the branch. These two operations have certain damage to xylem, which hinders the transport of nutrients from top to bottom. Its purpose is to destroy the top advantage, increase the nutrient accumulation in the upper branches and promote the fruiting, which can be used when the young trees grow vigorously. These two methods are generally carried out in late summer and early autumn.