A, the classification of the construction layout
1. Construction site plan: The key point is to divide the land area of the construction site, traffic arrangement, and organization arrangement of various construction resources and conditions, so as to provide construction conditions and services for individual projects and unit projects on site.
2. Single (on-site) construction layout: The emphasis is on the division of land used in the construction site, and the layout of on-site transportation roads, temporary facilities, construction machinery, construction materials, yards and processing plants. , so as to better serve the single (address) project construction.
Second, the design basis and principle of construction layout
1, design basis:
(1) construction organization design documents and original data;
(2) Land use and building plan;
(3) Layout data of existing and proposed underground pipelines;
(4) The vertical design data of the building area and the balance diagram of soil force deployment;
(5) the dosage plan of various materials, semi-finished products and components;
(6) Models and quantities of construction machinery, molds and means of transport;
(7) the status of existing houses and available facilities;
(8) The natural environment of the site;
(9) The number of market personnel involved in the construction and the labor plan;
(10) Safety and civilized construction standard.
2. Design principles:
General principle: Through the design of construction layout, the project site layout is reasonable, efficiency is improved, cost is reduced, and conditions are created for ensuring quality, safe production and civilized construction production.
Specific considerations:
(1) Reduce secondary handling on site;
(2) Effective use of land area;
(3) Make full use of existing facilities;
(4) Reasonable division of construction areas;
(5) Meet the requirements of safety, fire protection, environmental protection, sanitation and epidemic prevention, occupational health, etc.
Third, the design content and steps of construction layout
1, the main design content
(1) Land use and building red lines, access roads inside and outside the site, site entrances and exits, and site temporary water supply and power supply entrances;
(2) Site construction leveling points and control points;
(3) Existing and proposed buildings, structures and installation pipelines;
(4) Location of main construction machinery (vertical transportation machinery, processing machinery);
(5) On-site workshops, warehouses and yards for materials such as steel bars, templates, scaffolding, hardware and semi-finished products.
(6) Temporary facilities for production and living, including temporary transformers, pumps, mixing stations, offices, dormitories, bathrooms (with showers), kitchens, water supply and power supply lines, warehouses, yards, etc.
(7) Fire safety facilities, fire roads and fire hydrants, gates, fences and guard positions, on-site video monitoring system, etc.
(8) The scale of the plan should be marked with legend, direction, wind direction and dominant wind direction.
2, design steps:
(1) General layout of construction: determine off-site transportation routes → arrange warehouses and yards → arrange temporary roads in the site → arrange temporary administrative and living facilities → arrange temporary water and electricity pipe networks and other power facilities.
(2) Construction scheme of the unit project: determine the position of hoisting machinery → determine the position of mixing station, processing shed, material and component yard → arrange transportation roads → arrange temporary facilities → arrange temporary water and electricity pipe network.
Four, the influencing factors of construction layout
1, factors affecting the scale of facilities:
(1) legal requirements and contract requirements;
(2) Company policies and project status;
(3) Past experience;
(4) the number of labor and subcontractors;
(5) Project location and construction stage.
2. Factors affecting the location of facilities
(1) company policy;
(2) Past experience;
(3) the size of the site;
(4) the size of the site and the degree of congestion;
(five) the location of the relevant facilities;
(6) Shortest delivery time;
(7) Construction stage.
Five, the construction site road layout
1, the road layout needs to consider material transportation and access of fire fighting vehicles;
2. Keep a safe distance from the external scaffold to prevent objects from hitting;
3, road layout should be close to the gravel, steel yard;
4. The pavement layer needs hardening. If it is connected with hardened ground, drainage should be set.
5. The pavement width is generally not less than 4m, and the thickness is15 ~ 20cm;
6. Temporary water and electricity pipelines crossing roads shall be embedded;
7. Mud flushing and drainage facilities should be set on the roads at the entrances and exits of the construction site;
8. The site road near the foundation pit shall be constructed after the earthwork backfilling of the foundation pit.
Six, the construction site hoisting machinery layout
1, tower crane
(1) Choose the tower crane type according to the building type and height:
I. Track tower crane: multi-storey assembled building
B. Attached tower crane: multi-storey and high-rise buildings
C. Climbing tower crane: super high-rise building
(2) Select the number and model of tower cranes according to the plane shape of the building:
A, tower cranes are generally arranged in the long side direction of buildings, so as to minimize the number of tower cranes;
B, more than one tower crane as far as possible to * * * with steel, templates, blocks and other stacking areas;
C, according to the width of the building and the safe distance between the tower crane and the building facade, choose the tower crane model.
D, the radius of gyration of tower crane should cover all buildings.
(3) Construction scheme of attached tower crane
A, select the crane type;
B, calculate the number and specifications (size, concrete strength, reinforcement) and anchor bolts of tower crane foundation piles and foundations;
C, calculating the requirements of tower crane foundation;
D, calculating the number of lanes, connection modes and section requirements of the attached wall pieces;
E, design lightning protection grounding device.
2. Fixed vertical transportation machinery (passenger elevator, derrick) mainly transports masonry, mortar and decorative materials.
When arranging, you should consider:
(1) shall be arranged near the boundary line of the construction section or on one side of the higher part of the high-low boundary line;
(2) Derricks and passenger and cargo elevators should be set at the window to reduce the repair work of masonry;
(3) The service scope is generally 50~60m, which is adjusted according to the quantity of transportation materials;
(4) The lifting position of the derrick shall ensure that the operator can clearly see the whole lifting process;
(5) The inside of the derrick is generally located on the outside of the scaffold, and a connecting corridor is laid in the middle;
(6) The passenger and cargo elevator is fixed with attached wall parts, and the derrick is fixed with cable wind rope;
(7) The bottom of the passenger and cargo elevator and derrick should be lower than the ground;
(8) There is no need to pile the foundation of people and goods elevator and derrick, but reinforced concrete foundation should be poured;
(9) Operators of people and goods elevators and derricks need special operation certificates, while the latter is loose.
Seven, the construction site production facilities and warehouse layout
1, processing facilities layout
(1) Relationship with vertical transportation machinery: material yard-processing facilities-semi-finished product yard-vertical transportation machinery;
(2) Processing facilities mainly consider steel processing shed and mortar mixer;
(3) The processing shed is about 5m wide and15m long;
(4) The distribution box is set in the middle of the processing facility or on one side that does not affect the processing process;
(5) The ground of treatment facilities needs to be hardened;
(6) Double protective shed should be set above the processing facilities;
(7) There is no enclosure for the processing shed.
2, warehouse and yard layout
(1) Warehouse layout: The cement warehouse is located in a higher terrain, close to the mixer; Bulk material warehouse should be close to the processing site; Oil warehouse and acetylene warehouse should be closed, and ensure a safe distance from the office and living room.
(2) Material yard: materials with large consumption, long service life and convenient supply and transportation will enter the site in batches, and the stacking area will be reduced as much as possible; Steel bars, steel pipes and blocks should be close to vertical transportation machinery; Materials with smaller density such as templates should be stacked within the radius of gyration of tower crane.
(3) Component yard: If the site permits, components should be assembled or stacked below the installation location to facilitate the hoisting of hoisting equipment; If transported by derrick, it should be arranged as close as possible to the derrick; Small components are stacked within the radius of gyration of tower crane.
Eight, the construction site water and electricity layout
1. Temporary water use: production water, domestic water and fire water.
2. Temporary water use organization: calculating water consumption, selecting water supply source, selecting temporary water supply system configuration scheme, designing temporary water supply pipe network, designing water supply structures and mechanical equipment.
3. Water supply requirements:
(1) strive for the shortest total length of pipe network;
(2) The diameter of common water main pipe is100 mm; ;
(3) The fire hydrant spacing shall not be greater than 120m, and each floor of the high-rise building shall be provided with fire hydrant openings, fire hoses and water guns;
(4) Drainage gradient should be considered for drainage pipes.
4. Water supply system configuration: the pipe network is arranged in a ring, a branch and a mixed type.
5. Temporary power supply arrangement
Temporary power supply organization: electricity consumption calculation, power supply selection, transformer determination, power supply line layout and conductor section calculation.
Power line: 10Kv transmission line → transformer → main distribution box → distribution box → switch box → plug → mechanical operation.
(1) Basic requirements
A. Three-level distribution system, TN-S neutral protection system and three-level leakage protection system are adopted;
B, the transformer is generally set on the outside of the fence, and the general distribution box is generally set on the inside of the fence near the transformer. There are several distribution boxes, which are generally located in the main electrical equipment (tower crane, people's escalator, derrick, steel processing plant, office and living room);
C, overhead or buried laying lines, generally using the latter;
D, power supply lines and buildings, tower cranes need to keep a safe distance.
(2) Distribution line layout
It is divided into three types: annular, dendritic and mixed, and dendritic is generally used. Wire selection is usually based on the calculated current intensity.
Nine, the construction site living and office temporary facilities
1, the living area is separated from the office area;
2. Keep a safe distance from the operation area and overhead high-voltage lines;
3. The site is safe and reliable, the ground is higher than the construction site, and the drainage is smooth;
4. The area is related to the project scale, subcontracting and construction progress;
5. The installation standard shall meet the requirements of relevant department regulations;
6, canteen, toilet standards should meet the requirements of the health department. 3/4 Home Page Previous Page 1234 Next Page Last Page
Ten, the construction site gate, Dang Wei and sign layout.
1. Gate: metal door or electric door;
2. Enclosure: The enclosure is made of hard materials, and the height of the urban area is not less than 2.5m, and the height of the suburban area is not less than1.8m; ;
3. Signs:
(1) "Five cards": construction card, safety discipline card, fire prevention notice card, safety time card without major accidents, and civilized construction card for safe production.
(2) "Two Drawings": the construction layout, the organization chart of the project management department and the list of main management personnel.
4. On-site greening: planting greening inside and outside the entrance of the construction site and in the office area.
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