1, management of loquat in beginning of spring
Beginning of spring applied spring fertilizer in stages. For adult trees, in order to promote the growth of spring shoots and fruits, the amount of fertilization accounts for about 30% of the total amount of fertilization in the whole year. 20 kg of human excrement and urine is applied to each plant, and the ternary compound fertilizer is 0.8- 1 kg. Spraying 0. 1% borax solution at flowering stage in boron-deficient loquat orchard. For young trees, crown expansion is the main method, sparse and diligent application, and sparse human excrement and urine 10- 15 kg is applied to plants. In order to increase the weight of single fruit and strengthen the tree vigor, fruit thinning is generally carried out two or three times from mid-February to March after beginning of spring (the temperature is stable above 10 degrees). First of all, frozen fruits, abnormal fruits and diseases and insect pests should be removed, and then the fruit yield should be determined according to varieties and tree potential. Fruits should be selected and developed strongly and evenly distributed in the crown.
2. Early spring management of citrus.
(1) Young trees: do a good job in clearing the garden, maintain the irrigation and drainage system of the orchard, and accumulate fertilizer. Finish shaping and pruning, the autumn shoots are too long and too short, and when the trees are too prosperous, the overlapping branches and dense branches are thinned out, and the short branches are too long; Small old trees were cut short before the spring buds sprouted. Apply heavy fertilizer, interplant green manure in the orchard, open holes and apply deeply, and loosen the soil and cultivate it on the tree tray at the same time.
⑵ Fruit trees: Prune and apply heavy fertilizer. Pruning: Pruning the weak trees with high yield in successive years, with the purpose of restoring tree vigor. When spring shoots sprout, cut off weak branches, diseased branches and dead branches, and cut off branches that have already borne fruit. Sparse clump-like "broom-like" branches, and weak branches with inner cavities "leaf piles" (2-3 inch branches with 2-3 buds) are short; Fertilization: expanding holes, improving soil, applying heavy fertilizer and digging ditches with a depth of 60 cm and a width of 40-50 cm. The length of the ditch depends on the tree crown. Apply soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 25-30 kg compost, 0.5- 1 kg phosphate fertilizer, 0.5 kg chaff fertilizer 1.5 kg lime. Spraying foliar fertilizer: 0.5% or 0.3% urea of compound fertilizer can cooperate with spraying for pest control.
3. Management of Yangmei at the beginning of spring
Do a good job of shaping and pruning. Pruning is mainly to improve the light in the crown, thinning the upper and outer parts, and pruning and updating the lower or inner branches. Give priority to light cutting, and strive for ventilation and light transmission outside the crown. Old trees are mainly updated. Young trees are mainly shaped and cultivated into high-yield trees. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the development of the new garden. The seedlings should be planted deeply (the interface is not covered), watered in time after planting, and covered with weeds to facilitate survival.
Climatic characteristics of beginning of spring
"beginning of spring" is in the first half of February in the solar calendar (public) and the first half of January in the lunar calendar (lunar calendar) (leap months are out of season), so according to the lunar calendar, it is beginning of spring. "beginning of spring" is a solar term reflecting seasons and phenology, which indicates that the spring of recovery of all things has begun, the weather will gradually get warmer, and the vast land will present a vibrant scene. As the saying goes: "One day in beginning of spring, a hundred herbs sprout."
In China, January, February and March of the lunar calendar are regarded as spring. Astronomy regards the vernal equinox as the beginning of spring. In climatology, the five-day average temperature is used as the unified standard for dividing seasons. When the five-day average temperature rises to 10℃, winter ends and spring begins. According to this standard, most of the spring in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is from late March to early April, that is, around Tomb-Sweeping Day, and the four solar terms of beginning of spring, rain, fright and vernal equinox still belong to the winter category.
As the saying goes: "Spring hits five Kyubi no Youko, and spring hits six or nine heads." In other words, the days of beginning of spring are not in Kyubi no Youko, but in Liujiutou. After beginning of spring, the days became longer, the temperature rose slowly, the soil began to thaw from the lower layer, and the frozen soil became shallower. During this period, there is still a strong cold wave, the weather is dry, and there are often strong winds and snowfall.