Improvement method:
Pruning with strong light, ventilation and light transmission, applying more potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer, supplementing trace elements such as calcium and magnesium, thinning a lot of fruits, leaving only fine products, and strictly keeping 3, 2, 1 fruit for long branches over 60 cm? .
Measure the soil pH first, and then adjust the fertilization ratio.
Training points:
Harvest ripe fruits, pile them up, mash them, remove the pulp, dry them, and collect pure seedling seeds for autumn sowing. ?
Soak the seeds for 5-7 days before sowing. Autumn sowing seeds germinate early in the second year, with high emergence rate, fast growth and strong growth.
When sowing in the next spring, seedling seeds need to be stored in wet sand for more than 120 days. Use drill, banner 10 cm, banner depth 1-2 cm. After sowing, the soil covers 6 cm.
Sow 25- 30 kilograms per 667 square meters. The height of the seedlings is 3 cm, the seedlings are fixed, and the spacing between plants is 20-25 cm.
As an rootstock seedling, when the height of the seedling is 25-30 cm, the core is removed to make the seedling strong, and by the end of summer and early autumn, it can reach the required thickness of the rootstock.
Transplanting should be done after defoliation in early spring or autumn. Small seedlings can be transplanted with bare roots or mud, and large seedlings need to be transplanted with soil balls.
Cultivating large seedlings requires pruning to form a skeleton. Peach trees merge into a natural cup-shaped crown and a natural happy crown.
The plant spacing is 4m×5m or 3m×4m, and 500-840 plants are planted per hectare.
Fertilization technology:
The demand ratio of peach to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1∶0. 5∶ 1.
Young trees should pay attention to controlling the application of nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it will easily lead to excessive growth. After the full fruit stage, nitrogen fertilizer was added to enhance the tree vigor.
The content of potassium in peach fruit is 3. Twice as much as nitrogen. If potassium fertilizer is applied, the fruit will be large and the yield will be high.
Results The tree was fertilized three times a year: basal fertilizer 10- 1 1 was applied during deep ploughing in June, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for 50% of the annual fertilization; From late April to May, strong fruit fertilizer was applied during fruit hard core stage, and potassium fertilizer was mainly applied to early-maturing varieties. The application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for middle and late-maturing varieties accounted for 15%-20%, 20%-30% and 40% of the whole year respectively. Fruit picking fertilizer is applied before and after fruit picking, accounting for 15%-20% of the whole year.
In addition, the peach garden should be cultivated regularly to weed, keep the soil loose, and drain water in time to prevent stagnant water from rotting roots.
Plastic trimming:
Make it more natural and happy. The height of the stem is about 60 cm, leaving 3-4 main branches, and the opening angle of the main branches is 50-60. Each main branch should have 65,438+0-2 auxiliary branches, and the branchlets on the main branch and auxiliary branches should be as few as possible.
Pruning period includes winter pruning and summer pruning. Although the first-bearing trees (3-4 years after planting) have borne fruit, they grow vigorously with many white branches and dense branches. Pruning measures in summer, such as sprouting, coring and wringing, are used to suppress the strong and help the weak and maintain the balance of trees.
For peach trees in full fruit stage, due to years of fruiting, the tree vigor slows down, the number of long branches and secondary branches is obviously reduced, and the proportion of medium and short branches is increased. It is necessary to give priority to short branches, delete over-dense branches and strong branches at the top, and improve the lighting conditions between branches; Need to update weak branches in time.