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Mulberry Planting Technology in Greenhouse Mulberry Planting in Greenhouse: Greenhouse Construction
Choose a flat, dark place to build a greenhouse. It is suitable for greenhouses with a length of 60m from east to west, a width of 1 0m, a back wall height of 2.8m, a greenhouse main arch ring height of 3.8m from the vault to the arch foot, a front edge height of1m, and a back wall and a west wall thickness of more than 60cm. The skeleton is made of double-layer galvanized steel pipes, and the steel wires are drawn from east to west with a spacing of 30cm. 6cm thick bamboo poles are tied from north to south with a spacing of about 60cm. After the shed is fastened, it is covered with a long-life film without dripping, and the film is covered with a thatch or insulation quilt with a thickness of 5cm. If possible, you can set an automatic shutter.
Planting mulberry in greenhouse: raising seedlings
Seedlings were planted in the greenhouse in the north-south direction, with a row spacing of 2m, a plant spacing of 1.5m and a planting area of 667m2. Before planting, dig a planting ditch with a depth of 50 cm and a width of 80 cm or dig a planting hole with a width of 60 cm. Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer into planting ditch, mix it with soil evenly, fill it up, and add water to make it settle.
Planting time is divided into spring and summer, with late March to early April as spring and early June as summer; When planting in spring, large seedlings with a diameter of 1cm and a height of 1.2m should be selected, and biennial or triennial seedlings should be selected in summer. After planting, the soil should be stable and then watered 2~3 times. When the seedlings germinate, 20 kilograms of urea should be applied to the top of 667 square meters. After growing in summer and autumn, you can buckle the shed in winter.
Mulberry Planting in Greenhouse: Plastic Film Covering Time and Temperature and Humidity Adjustment
Generally, the plastic film mulching time in greenhouses is from June 5438 to the middle and late February, and the weather is clear and windless. The film is divided into two parts, the upper part is 3 meters wide, the lower part is 9 meters wide, and the upper and lower parts overlap and cover about 30 centimeters, so that the greenhouse can be ventilated, cooled and dehumidified. After the greenhouse is covered with plastic film, it needs to be covered in time for 5~7 days. After the plastic film was buckled in the greenhouse, the curtain was opened on the seventh day to raise the temperature. In the first week, the maximum temperature was controlled at about 65438 05℃ during the day and 2~5℃ at night.
In the second week, the maximum temperature gradually rises to 20℃ during the day, and it can be ventilated when the room temperature is high at noon, and the temperature is kept at 6~8℃ at night.
In the third week, the highest temperature is about 25℃ during the day, 8~ 10℃ at night, 26~28℃ during the day from young fruit to mature fruit, and 12~ 15℃ at night. The indoor humidity should be kept at 60% from the beginning of heating to the appearance of young fruits. When the humidity is too high, it can be reduced by covering with plastic film and ventilation against the wind. When the fruit turns from white to red, the indoor humidity should be controlled at 40%, and the maximum humidity should not exceed 50%. Too high humidity will easily lead to ginkgo diseases, and too low humidity will lead to a large number of fruits falling off, so it is very important to master stable indoor humidity and temperature from the fruit turning red to the harvest period.
Fertilizer and Water Management of Mulberry Planting in Greenhouse
Mulberry bears fruit early and has high yield. In order to achieve stable production, big fruit and high quality year after year, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management. Mulberry is particularly sensitive to water during the whole growth period. Once there is drought, new buds will stop growing. Therefore, after planting seedlings, it is necessary to strengthen the supply of fertilizer and water and keep the soil moist. Generally, water it 4~6 times a year, and be sure to water it before winter to prevent the branches from drying up. Mulberry is more barren-tolerant, but it can give full play to its characteristics of high yield and high quality under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water supply, so it is necessary to apply enough base fertilizer at one time before the leaves fall.
Planting mulberry in greenhouse: plastic pruning
Due to the fast growth, strong branches, soft branches and easy opening of mulberry trees, trunk shape should be adopted. One-year-old seedlings should be cut short at the trunk 80 cm after planting to promote growth and branching. When the top branch of the trunk is 50 cm long, 40 cm should be left for coring. This method can continuously core for 2~3 times. In that year, about 20 oblique fruit branches could be planted directly on the trunk. If two-year-old seedlings are planted, they should be cut short at the center of 1.2 meters, and other branches should be cut off with 5 cm short piles. After pruning 15 days, when new buds germinate, they should be drained in time, leaving 2~3 lateral buds for each short pile, and generally erasing the buds standing upright on the back. Try to leave the buds on the middle trunk, and the dense parts can be thinned out. When the trunk shoots grow to 50 cm, 40 cm can be left for coring, which can be done for 2~3 times to promote the growth of fruit branches. In June165438+1October, leaves fall, and plants should be cut in winter. The pruning amount should be light, only about 20 cm at the top of the pruning strip to prevent drainage in winter, and all the delicate branches of 5 cm in the inner room should be thinned out.
After the fruit is harvested in the second year, it should be pruned in summer in time, and the trunk type should be adopted, and all the fruit branches with short piles and short sections should be left on the trunk to re-cultivate the fruit branches. Shrink the trunk at 1.5m, and prune it for the second time one month later, mainly removing some upright branches, over-dense branches and slender branches with cavities, and cultivating 20-30 stout fruiting branches per plant, which are evenly distributed around the trunk. You can refer to the above methods for annual pruning in the future.
Mulberry planting techniques 1. Site conditions: Mulberry has strong adaptability. Whether planted in loessial soil, sandy loam or loam, it can grow healthily. The better the water, fertilizer and light, the higher the yield. It can be used in general cultivated land and fields.
2. Variety selection: mainly fresh mulberry, seedless stone and Guo Hong No.2.. The former has good fruit flavor and early maturity; The latter has high yield and cold tolerance. Guo Hong 1, Guo Hong No.2 and 8632 should be selected for processing mulberry juice. Guo Hong 1 has cold tolerance and high yield. Note that no matter which variety is planted, 5- 10% of male plants must be allocated as pollination trees.
3. Planting density: the seedless variety Dashi has soft branches and loose tree shape, with row spacing of 150cm and plant spacing of 120cm (370 plants per mu); Other varieties have upright branches and compact trees, and adopt 130cm? 100cm or 130cm? 130cm form.
4. Planting: the cultivation period is from late autumn to the next spring before germination. Level the land, dig a ditch 50 cm deep according to the plant spacing, and apply soil miscellaneous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. Separate the size of purchased mulberry seedlings, arrange fruit trees and pollination trees reasonably, and water the roots after planting.
5. Pruning: Before germination in spring, cut flat at a height of 40 cm from the ground. At the beginning of June, leave 15-20cm flat cutting on the strong branches to promote lateral buds. In that year, the pest control management of water and fertilizer was strengthened to make it grow rapidly. Mulberry was first produced in the following spring. Mulberry should be trimmed after fruit picking, and 3-4 thick branches should be selected for each plant, and the length of the base should be 15-20cm to become branches. New branches sprout on the branches, that is, the branches that bear fruit in the coming year.
fertilize the soil or land
In order to meet the needs of tree growth and good fruit development for various nutrients, the principles of fertilization are: organic fertilizer is the main one, supplemented by chemical fertilizer; Summer-cut buds are mainly fertilized, and others are supplemented; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be reasonably matched.
In the first year, in order to make the plants grow rapidly, try to apply organic fertilizer to meet the nutritional growth and lay a good foundation for fruit picking in the second year. Generally, organic compound fertilizer 100kg is applied as base fertilizer, urea 15kg as strong stalk fertilizer, and 10 kg as camera fertilizer in early August. When applying fertilizer, it should be operated flexibly according to the tree potential, and the fertilizer should be spread on the periphery of the main stem 15-30cm.
It can be put into production in the second year of planting, and the annual fertilization amount and method after production: general? Top ten? Fruit mulberry requires 70kg of NPK ternary compound fertilizer, 60kg of high-quality organic fertilizer or organic compound fertilizer100kg per mu.
Specific fertilization and time can be divided into two stages * * * four times:
In the first stage, after summer cutting, the fertilizer for promoting germination and strengthening shoots is weighed, and 20-30 kilograms of high-concentration compound fertilizer is applied per mu, which is applied twice. After the first summer cutting (in mid-June), 20 kg of compound fertilizer was applied in ditching. The second time, in the middle and late August, apply10 compound fertilizer per mu to promote the robust growth of branches.
The second stage is called strong bud and fruit fertilizer, which is also applied twice. For the first time, 50-60 kilograms of organic high-concentration compound fertilizer was applied per mu before mulberry germination (around late February). The last fertilization was in late April. This fertilization depends on the growth of trees. Little or no chemical fertilizer is applied to the plots where trees are particularly prosperous, and compound fertilizer is applied to the plots where trees are not very prosperous about 10-20kg to promote the growth of young fruits. Fertilization can be applied after rain.
7. Disease control: Spraying 40% Junzhujing wettable powder 800- 1200 times, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000 times or 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder on branches, stems, leaves, fruits and the ground before and after flowering and in the green fruit period [www.nczfj.com] for control, once every other time. When sick, once every 4 days, until a small amount of mulberry turns from green to red, stop spraying.
8. Pest control: (1) Apriona germari: hook killing, egg catching, natural enemy protection and artificial killing;
(2) Scarab:
(1) Manual control: Using the suspended animation of adults, the branches are vibrated in the evening to kill the fallen adults.
② Physical control: Using the phototaxis of adults, at 7- 10 in the evening, a black light lamp was hung to trap and kill adults.
③ Horticultural control: combined with winter ploughing and soil preparation, remove larvae, pupae and adults.
④ Chemical control: spraying 50% methamidophos 800- 1000 times solution, or 50% phoxim 800-1000 times solution and 40% omethoate emulsion1000 times solution continuously every 2-3 days. This can basically prevent the harm of pests such as scarabs.
Mulberry planting point 1. Mulberry film mulching every spring can not only advance mulberry maturity, but also effectively prevent mulberry Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and oriental cherry mosquitoes, which is an important technical measure for sustained high quality and high yield of mulberry fruits.
2. The growth of mulberry needs boron. Adding 0. 1% boron fertilizer after spring germination to control flowering pests and diseases, saving labor and increasing efficiency.
3. Fertilization is mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer; Summer-cut buds are mainly fertilized, and others are supplemented; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be reasonably matched.