Maple belongs to the genus Aceraceae, which is the common name of Aceraceae. There are 199 species of Aceraceae in the world, which are distributed in Asia, Europe, North America and the northern edge of Africa. China is also the country with the largest species of Aceraceae in the world, with 157 species distributed all over the country.
There are many kinds of maples, with many varieties and different habits. In garden application, reasonable cultivation should be adopted according to the suitable environment of each place. For example, red or yellow varieties with new leaves in spring should generally be planted in cool, humid and fertile places to avoid direct sunlight and make the leaves shrink; There should be plenty of sunshine if there are red leaves in autumn.
Maple trees grow well in sufficient sunlight and are suitable for all-shade and wet to dry and well-drained soil. The pH value of soil should be less than 7.0. Clay and acidic soil can be tolerated.
Extended data:
Cultivation techniques of maple;
1, seedling raising
The seed collection of ornamental maple trees shall be carried out in accordance with the technical regulations for seed collection of main tree species. Soak the seeds in warm water at 40℃ for 24 h before seedling raising, then evenly mix the seeds with twice the wet river sand, put them in a seed storage cellar (or pit), and take out the seeds half a month before sowing.
Scatter it in the leeward and sunny place, accelerate germination in the open air, and sow about 1/3 when the seeds begin to crack. Nursery site selection, soil preparation, fertilization, operation mode and seeding and seedling raising shall be carried out in accordance with the Technical Specification for Forest Seedling Raising DB 21/t1291-2004.
2. Cultivation of big seedlings
After the soil thaws in spring and before the sap flows out, the density is adjusted by transplanting. According to the situation of seedling crown, it is advisable to leave enough expansion space in the crown.
According to the requirements of cultivated trees, the height of branch points is determined. With the increase of tree height, the base branches are uprooted year by year. When the predetermined height is reached, the base branches are not trimmed, and are generally controlled at1.5 ~ 2.0 m.
3. Planting and management
Choose big seedlings: healthy plants that meet the cultivation requirements, strive for beautiful tree shape and facilitate mining and transportation.
Emergence time: Emergence, transportation and planting should be followed. Late March to early April is suitable before spring seedling germination.
Excavation of big seedlings: it is best to cut roots 1 ~ 2 years in advance. Before the soil is frozen, according to the size of the clod, an annular ditch is dug to fill in leaves and weeds, and the diameter of the clod is 7 ~ 10 times of the ground diameter of the seedlings. After the soil is frozen, dig out the leaves and weeds, wrap them with straw ropes or other packaging materials to ensure that the clods are intact, and mark the crown orientation.
Transportation: During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that clods are not scattered to prevent mechanical damage caused by excessive extrusion of trees and crowns. Support and other measures can be taken to keep the crown intact.
4. Cultivation techniques
Planting hole: the planting hole depends on the size of the maple mound, and the hole diameter is greater than 20% of the diameter of the mound.
Pruning clods and crowns: Before planting, properly prune clods, prune damaged branches and over-dense branches, and trim crowns and shapes.
Planting method: put the tree in the center of the planting hole, straighten the tree, make the planting hole face the same as the crown, fill the soil evenly, and tamp it in layers.
Irrigation: water in time after planting, and then cover the soil to keep it moist.
Infusion: Infusion is needed after big seedlings are planted. From the active growth of trees to the stop growth of trees, it depends on the specific situation of trees. At the base of the trunk, at an angle of 45 degrees from top to bottom, holes are drilled into the pith evenly and alternately, and the number depends on the tree body, generally 3-5.
Hang the infusion bottle above the infusion hole, insert the needle into the infusion hole, straighten the infusion tube, and turn on the infusion switch to make the liquid flow into the tree at a uniform speed. The continuous infusion time of the same infusion hole should be controlled below 15 d, and the infusion hole should be blocked with a cotton plug after infusion.
The infusion is mainly water, and plant hormones and mineral elements can be added simultaneously. Generally, rooting powder 0. 1 g L- 1 and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 g L- 1 can be added, and trunk injection vitality can also be added.
Support fixation: support should be fixed in time after planting ornamental maple seedlings. Generally, three support rods are used to support the trunk, and 2/3 of the height of the trunk is used as the binding support point. Cotton cloth or plastic is sandwiched between the trunk and the bracket. If the crown is high, 1 ~ 2 supports can be added to ensure the stability of the tree.
Pruning: before the sap flows out in spring, the crown shape is pruned according to the requirements of tree cultivation, and the angle and orientation of branches are adjusted during the growing season.
Weeding and loosening soil: remove weeds and loosening soil under crown projection in time.
Drought resistance and drainage: If the soil is dry, water it in time. If the accumulated water is caused by long-term rain or rainstorm, ditch should be dug immediately for drainage.
Baidu encyclopedia-maple tree