(2) Cultivation and pruning of fruiting branches: The cultivation and pruning of fruiting branches of pear trees can basically be carried out according to the principles and methods introduced in the second part, chapter 2, section 3. Only the characteristics of pear trees and the application of pruning techniques are emphasized here.
1. Cultivation of fruiting branches: Pear trees have high germination rate and weak branches, so young trees should follow the principle of "less thinning and more retention, cutting before releasing, cutting to promote branches and releasing to promote flowers" when cultivating branches. In the specific pruning, generally, the pruning intensity should be weakened and the pruning length should be shortened. When the space is large, it can be combined with continuous cutting to remove the strong and leave the weak, to remove the straight and leave the flat and immediately put the branches to cultivate large and medium-sized branches. When the space is small, you can put moderate branches first, then cut and put them again, and continue to stock weak branches and cultivate medium branches. For the back straight branches with less oblique branches around and high space utilization rate, they can also be transformed into qualified branches by control methods such as coring and bending in summer. For long-term uniaxial flowers, they should be retracted in time and transformed into a tighter ball. Special attention should be paid to the methods of girdling and carving the middle and lower parts of all kinds of backbone branches, and the branches should be cultivated into branches to prevent future lack of branches and baldness. When the head is shortened, it is best to carve the upper position of the third to fifth buds under the incision, and purposefully pre-cultivate some large and medium-sized branches with long life and strong fruiting and regeneration ability.
2. Pruning of fruit branches: After pear trees are cultivated and shaped, they need to be pruned frequently to maintain their high quality and high yield. Pruning of the big branch group should follow the principle of "round fruiting, combination of breeding and shrinking, strengthening breeding and shrinking new ones". When pruning, we should pay attention to the collocation of three sets of branches: fruiting branches, preparing branches and developing branches, so that there are flowers and fruits every year, and there is no "big and small year". Long, weak and drooping transverse branches and transverse flower branches that have been placed for many years should be retracted in time. According to the specific situation, you can cut off 1/3 ~ 2/3 first, and then cut off "flowers for flowers" at regular intervals. For the "chicken feet" type weak and short fruit branches formed after years of continuous fruiting, excessive flower buds should be thinned out in proportion. Generally speaking, every two days, every three days, every four days and every five days. The principle of going or staying is to stay on it, stay weak and stay strong, and stay in the bud. You can also leave fewer buds on the new branches at the back to facilitate retraction. For perennial branches with strong upper part and weak lower part, the upper part and the lower part should be pulled apart first, then the upper part and the lower part should be restrained by girdling, ring carving and other methods, and then the flower buds of weak and short fruit branches at the lower part should be thinned according to the above methods.
Pruning of short fruit branches of pear trees
In short, the pruning of pear trees, first, should pay attention to the timely opening of the growth angle of the main branches and the control of the top edge to prevent the upper strength from weakening; Second, pay attention to less thinning and more staying in the early stage, increase the number of branches and promote early fruit; Third, we should pay attention to the cultivation and maintenance of three sets of branches to prevent the occurrence of "big and small years"; Fourth, pay attention to the retraction and renewal of weak branches for thinning flowers and fruits. The specific felling method should also consider the age and variety of trees.