/kloc-before the 0/9th century, gynecology belonged to the category of internal medicine and was closely related to pediatrics. Textbooks at that time were often named after "diseases of women and children".

1809 McDowell (e.1771~1830) in the United States was a patient with huge ovarian tumor, who underwent emergency surgery without anesthesia to make the patient recover. It was considered as the first gynecological laparotomy, so mcdowell was later called the founder of laparotomy. By the middle of19th century, after aseptic technique and * * * appeared one after another, gynecology became a branch of surgery, and gynecologists often used surgical methods to treat gynecological diseases. From the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, uterine suspension became the most fashionable operation at that time.

American doctor J.M.1813 ~1883 is determined to treat very stubborn urinary fistula by surgery. After dozens of failures and constant exploration, several patients with urinary fistula were finally cured by using special speculum, special * * and silver thread suture. Simms published a paper on the treatment of urinary fistula in 1852, and established a gynecological hospital in new york in 1855. He was called the father of American gynecology by later generations, his special speculum was called Simms speculum, and his side lying on his chest and knees was called Simms.

1In the mid-9th century, the famous scholar Scanzoni (F.W.1821~1) proposed the cause of cervical cancer for the first time, and thought that the disease was related to the frequency of * * * *.