Surgery is a science that studies the occurrence, development, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of surgical diseases. Surgical diseases are divided into five categories: trauma, infection, tumor, deformity and dysfunction. These diseases often need to be treated by surgery or manipulation. Therefore, surgery has become a unique treatment of surgery. People often regard the need for surgical treatment as the standard to distinguish medical diseases from surgical diseases. But surgery is not equal to surgery, and surgery is only one of the treatments for surgical diseases. The significance of surgical examination is to preliminarily eliminate common diseases by examining skin, lymph, thyroid, spine, limbs, joints and urogenital organs. The scope of surgery has expanded to all parts of the body, and it is difficult to develop in depth, thus promoting a finer division of labor in surgery. In addition to general surgery (including abdominal surgery), there are brain surgery, thoracic surgery, cardiovascular surgery, urology, orthopedics, plastic surgery, trauma, burns, tumors, pediatric surgery, neurosurgery and so on. Some also set up specialties such as microsurgical organ transplantation. Chinese medicine surgery, subject name. It was in the Song Dynasty that Chinese medicine named this major after surgery. See Wu Qiyu's New Works of Surgery in Song Dynasty, which is a special book on surgery. Before the Song Dynasty, most surgeons chose the name of doctor. It is a specialized subject that studies the etiology, pathology, syndrome, diagnosis, treatment and medical technology of superficial diseases and syndromes. Include carbuncle, gangrene, sore, ulcer, scabies, tinea, injury, etc. After the Song Dynasty, most books devoted to this kind of diseases were named after science. Regarding the origin of surgery, the surgical instruments used today are exactly the same as those designed by a Muslim surgeon named Zahrawi in the 10th century. Another Arab doctor described the concept of blood circulation in the13rd century, which was 300 years earlier than that in William Harvey. Internal medicine plays an extremely important role in clinical medicine, which is not only the basis of clinical medicine, but also closely related to them. Knowledge of internal medicine comes from medical practice. In the process of treating diseases and saving lives, doctors in past dynasties accumulated experience, removed the false from the true, removed the rough and refined, and constantly improved their understanding level from practice. Through years of long-term accumulation, they gradually formed a systematic method of disease diagnosis and treatment. After generations of medical scientists sorted out and summarized the knowledge gained in these practices, and conducted systematic research (including the research of evidence-based medicine in recent years), it developed into the current internal medicine. An excellent clinician should not only have the desire to serve the people, but also have the ability to serve the people. To acquire the ability to cure diseases, we must be good at reading, be diligent in practice and constantly sum up experiences and lessons in practice. Only after so many years of in-depth research and efforts can it become useful. The significance of medical examination: it is used to understand chest, cardiopulmonary auscultation, bowel sounds, heart rate, murmur, heart rhythm, varicose veins of liver and spleen, abdominal wall, etc. Internal medicine is generally divided into: cardiology, neurology (headache, facial paralysis, coma, convulsion, dizziness, muscular atrophy and involuntary movement), respiratory medicine (fever, cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea and hiccup), gastroenterology, nephrology, endocrinology (edema, abnormal growth and development, abnormal urine volume, urine sugar and goiter), rheumatism, hematology, and so on. The difference between internal medicine and surgery: In essence, although internal medicine and surgery belong to the category of medicine, even though there are so many similarities, their working nature and the thinking mode of internal surgeons are quite different. As a systematic discipline, internal medicine has a complete theoretical system, although it is practical. It studies the human body as an independent system. Because of the intervention of human factors, surgery should think of the human body as an open system more often. If a physician is called "home", then a surgeon is a "craftsman". However, if a doctor just closes the door and doesn't do clinical work, he will never become a real "doctor"; Similarly, if a surgeon only studies how to make the operation beautiful and perfect, but ignores the study and induction of theory, he will never become a "skilled craftsman." Perhaps the nature of work is different, and the external temperament of doctors at home and abroad is also different. Surgical work requires doctors to be firm, bold, cautious, decisive, crisp, calm and orderly. Internal medicine requires doctors to be thoughtful, knowledgeable and meticulous. Female students who graduated from medical college generally aspire to do internal medicine work, because internal medicine work needs more patience and meticulousness. Male students all aspire to do surgical work, because surgical work is more challenging, more fulfilling and more attractive.