Equalizer is an electronic device that can adjust the amplification of electrical signals of various frequency components respectively. By adjusting the electrical signals of various frequencies, we can compensate the defects of speakers and sound fields, compensate and modify various sound sources and other special functions.

Generally, the equalizer on the mixer can only adjust the high frequency, intermediate frequency and low frequency electrical signals respectively. In communication system, inserting equalizer in baseband system can reduce the influence of intersymbol interference.

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Types of equalizers

Frequency domain equalizer

Frequency domain equalizer uses the frequency characteristics of tunable filter to compensate the amplitude-frequency characteristics and group delay characteristics of the actual channel, so that the total frequency characteristics of the whole system including equalizer can meet the transmission conditions without intersymbol interference.

Time domain equalizer

The time domain equalizer directly considers the time response, so that the impulse response of the whole transmission system including the equalizer meets the condition of no inter-symbol interference. Frequency domain equalization meets the requirements of Nyquist shaping theorem, and the condition of no intersymbol interference is relatively loose only at the decision point. Therefore, time domain equalizer is widely used in digital communication.

Time domain equalizers can be divided into two categories: linear equalizers and nonlinear equalizers. If the decision result in the receiver is fed back for parameter adjustment of the equalizer, it is a nonlinear equalizer;

On the contrary, it is a linear equalizer. In linear equalizer, the most commonly used equalizer structure is linear transverse equalizer, which consists of several tapped delay lines, and the delay time interval is equal to the symbol interval. There are many kinds of nonlinear equalizers, including decision feedback equalizers, maximum likelihood symbol detectors and maximum likelihood sequence estimation.

Reference source? Baidu encyclopedia-equalizer

Baidu encyclopedia-sound equalizer

How to adjust the equalizer

Adjustment method:

1, subwoofer

20Hz-40Hz, with strong sound when appropriate. Can control thunder, bass drum, organ and bass. Excessive ascension will make music turbid.

2. Bass

40Hz- 150Hz is the basic part of sound, and its energy accounts for 70% of the whole audio energy, which is an important part of expressing music style. When appropriate, the bass is relaxed and the voice is full and soft. When it is insufficient, the voice is low, 150Hz. When it is raised excessively, it will make the sound dull, reduce the brightness and enhance the nasal sound.

3. Bass

150Hz-500Hz is the structural part of sound, and the human voice is located in this position. When it is insufficient, the singing voice will be drowned out by the music, and the voice will be very soft and weak. When it is properly lifted, it will feel energetic and powerful, and improve the intensity and loudness of the sound. Excessive lifting will make the bass stiff, and the excessive lifting will be 3-6dB at 300Hz. If reverberation is added, the clarity of sound will be seriously affected.

4, alto

500Hz-2KHz, including the lower harmonics and overtones of most instruments, is the characteristic sound of snare drum and percussion instruments. The sound is clear and bright when it is appropriate, and hazy when it is insufficient. Excessive lifting will produce a sound similar to a telephone.

5. Tenor

2KHz-5KHz is the characteristic sound of strings. When it is insufficient, the sound penetration will be reduced, and when it is too strong, it will cover up the recognition of language syllables.

6. High notes

7KHz-8KHz is the frequency that affects the sound layering. Excessive promotion will make piccolo and flute sound prominent, the tooth sound of language will be aggravated, and the timbre will be hairy.

7, extremely high voice

8KHz- 10KHz, when appropriate, the metal permeability of triangle iron and vertical * is high, and the rhythm of sand clock is clear and recognizable. Excessive lifting will make the sound unnatural and easily burn out high-frequency units.

Precautions:

1. Before using equalization, try to replace the microphone or change the placement of the microphone to see if the desired sound quality can be obtained.

2. Some musical instruments need a lot of balance to make the sound better. In this case, equalization can be applied during recording. When equalization is added, musicians should be required to listen to their own voices during playback until they become better.

What is an equalizer and its function?

The full name of equalizer is room equalizer. It is widely used in audio systems, but it does not play its due role in most occasions. Now, for example.

1. Use the equalizer as a tone controller.

I went to a unit to participate in activities a few days ago. Out of professional sensitivity, I passed by the sound control room and found that the potentiometer of 3 1 frequency point of the equalizer in the sound cabinet was neatly set in the shape of two high ends and a midsole. Just asking, voice control sounds good, and I can't help but be speechless. Coincidentally, there is also a sound system with high-grade equipment, all imported, but all the frequency potentiometers of the equalizer are found in a straight line. I don't think the frequency response of the ideal venue will be a straight line!

Secondly, the equalizer is used as a feedback suppressor.

One day, I went to the system for acceptance and found that the potentiometer faders of some frequency points in the equalizer were at the bottom, so I asked the technicians of the construction unit. He told me that these are some frequency points that produce howling, and I will attenuate them to the maximum, so there will be no howling. I said not necessarily! Try again at once. So he took out the flower tube and pushed the FM volume fader up. The result is still a howl. He was noncommittal.

Thirdly, take the equalizer as the necessary configuration of the sound system.

At present, there are many activities in outdoor squares, and mobile sound reinforcement equipment is increasing day by day. But I found that most systems are equipped with equalizers, and they are all in working condition. Ask people who engage in voice control, and most of them can't tell the truth. Anyway, you should use it if you are equipped.

All of the above can be said to be common phenomena. A small equalizer is used well, which brings the whole sound system into full play, on the contrary, it destroys the stability and balance of the system.

We know the equalizer. Its function is very targeted. To be clear, it is to compensate the frequency response of the sound system and the site where it is located, so that it can return sound with relatively flat frequency response characteristics, and has no other function. Any expansion of its scope of application is your wishful thinking.

Generally, most of our common equalizers are graphic, with 3 1 segment. The so-called graphic formula is to compensate the position of the potentiometer on the panel. The height of the potentiometer push plate intuitively reflects the adjusted frequency point and the lifting or attenuation value, and its monson is the position curve of the potentiometer push plate.

I will break down the equalizer data and explain their interaction to you.

1.20 Hz -60 Hz part

This kind of promotion can give music a powerful feeling and give people a loud feeling, such as thunder. This is a strong feeling in music. If the lift is too high, it will be turbid, resulting in poor clarity, especially for audio equipment with poor low frequency response and heavy low frequency.

2.60 Hz to 250 Hz section

This passage is the low-frequency structure of music, which contains the basic sounds of the rhythm part, including the pitch and tonic of the rhythm sound. Its proportion with high school notes constitutes a balanced feature of timbre structure. Ascension can make the sound full, and excessive ascension will make a rumble. Attenuating these two paragraphs will make the sound thinner.

3.250 Hz -2 kHz section

This section contains the low-frequency harmonics of most musical instruments. If it is raised too much, it will make the sound like the sound on a mobile phone. If 600Hz and 1kHz are excessively raised, the sound will be like the sound of a horn. If the 3kHz is increased too much, it will cover up the speech recognition sound, that is, slurred speech, making the lip sound "mbv" difficult to distinguish. If 1kHz and 3kHz are excessively increased, the sound will have a metallic feeling. Because the human ear is sensitive to this frequency band, this section is usually not adjusted, and excessively raising this section will make the hearing tired.

4.2 khz-4 khz part

This frequency belongs to the intermediate frequency. If it is raised too high, it will cover up the speech recognition sound, especially at 3kHz, which will cause hearing fatigue.

5.4kHz-5KHz part

This is a telepresence frequency band, which affects the clarity of sounds such as language and musical instruments. Raising this frequency band makes people feel that the distance between the sound source and the listener is slightly closer; The attenuation of 5kHz will make the sound feel farther away; If it is suggested to increase the sound power by 6dB around 5kHz, the sound power of the whole mixed sound will increase by 3dB.

6.6 kHz-16 kHz part

This frequency band controls the brightness, macro brightness and clarity of timbre. Generally speaking, when these paragraphs are mentioned, the sound is loud, but it is not clear, and it is impossible to cause excessive teeth sound. After attenuation, the sound becomes clear, but it is not loud.

The equalizer can also be set according to the limit diagram or adjusted by itself. Let the ears feel the sound most easily, which is the most natural and best! Don't force it ~ it will rape your ears, hehe

What is an equalizer?

Equalizer is an electronic device that can adjust the amplification of electrical signals of various frequency components respectively. By adjusting the electrical signals of various frequencies, we can compensate the defects of speakers and sound fields, compensate and modify various sound sources and other special functions. Generally, the equalizer on the mixer can only adjust the high frequency, intermediate frequency and low frequency electrical signals respectively. Equalizers are mainly divided into frequency domain equalizer and time domain equalizer.

The full name of equalizer is room equalizer. It is widely used in audio systems, but it does not play its due role in most occasions.

How to adjust the sound equalizer?

Adjustment method of sound effect equalizer;

1. Subwoofer: The audio frequency range is 20Hz-40Hz. When appropriate, the sound is strong and powerful, which can control the sound of thunder, bass drum, organ and bass, but excessive promotion will make the music turbid.

2. Bass: The audio frequency range is 40Hz- 150Hz, which is the basic part of sound, and its energy accounts for 70% of the whole audio energy, and it is an important part of expressing music style. When appropriate, the bass is relaxed properly and the voice is full and soft; When the sound is insufficient, it will be thin, and when it is raised excessively, it will make the sound dull, reduce the brightness and enhance the nasal sound.

3. Mid-bass: The audio frequency range 150Hz-500Hz is the structural part of the sound. The voice is in this position. When it is insufficient, the singing will be drowned by the music, and the voice will be soft and weak. If you lift it properly, you will feel vigorous and powerful, which will improve the strength and loudness of the sound. However, if the bass is raised excessively, it will become stiff, and the 300Hz will be raised excessively by 3-6dB. If you add reverberation, you will have it.

4. Midrange: The audio frequency range is 500Hz-2KHz, including the lower harmonics and overtones of most instruments. This is the unique sound of snare drum Jr. and percussion instruments. When appropriate, the sound is clear and bright, when it is insufficient, it is hazy, and when it is excessively raised, it will make a sound similar to a telephone.

5. Tenor: The audio range is 2KHz-5KHz, which is the characteristic sound of strings. When it is insufficient, the sound penetration will be reduced, and when it is too strong, it will cover up the recognition of language syllables.

6, treble: the audio frequency range is 7KHz-8KHz, which is the frequency that affects the sound layering. Too high elevation angle will make piccolo and flute sound prominent, the tooth sound of language will be aggravated, and the timbre will be hairy.

7. Extremely high sound: the audio frequency range is 8KHz- 10KHz. When appropriate, triangle iron and vertical fork metal have high permeability, and the rhythm of sand clock is clear and distinguishable. Excessive lifting will make the sound unnatural and easily burn out high-frequency units.