plant
Increasing demand
1. economic indicators: the garden will be put into production in three years, and the yield per mu will be more than 1000kg in four years, so the cost of building the garden can be recovered; 5 years into the full fruit period, with an average yield of 2000 kg per mu; ; The annual change is less than 20%; High-quality fruits that meet foreign trade export standards account for 80% of the total output.
The quality specifications of fruits refer to the navel orange export standards formulated by China Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation, and organize fruit farmers to meet the production standards. Single fruit weighs more than 200 grams; The fruit shape index is above 1.05; Soluble solids 12.5% or more; Total acid content 0.9%; The solid acid ratio is 8:1; The content of VC is above 55mg/ 100ml; Edible part 65%; Fruit surface defects should not exceed1/5 of the peel area; Meet the food hygiene standards and pass the commodity inspection.
Training requirements
Garden construction: first of all, we should make a comprehensive plan and implement it step by step. (1) realize "three links": water supply, electricity supply and access; (2) Construction of windbreak forest network; (3) Road construction in the park; (4) Construction of irrigation facilities; (5) Fruit processing workshop.
Soil improvement by pumping trough: according to the requirements of "contour line and winding mountain turning" of horizontal terraced fields, the depth and width of pumping trough are 1m respectively, 300 tons of organic fertilizer is applied per mu of depth, green manure is planted and backfilled in layers. Stone ladder wall, the width of the ladder surface is 3.5-4 m, and the drainage ditch is opened on the inside of the ladder.
After deep ploughing and soil improvement, green manure was planted in the nursery for 3-4 years, reaching the following standards:
(1) The active soil layer is greater than 1 m; (2) The content of soil organic matter reaches 2.5%-3%; (3) The porosity of soil is more than 65438 00%; (4) The soil water holding capacity can reach 60%-80%; (5) Phosphorus content is 0. 15%-0.25%, pH value is 5.5-7, nitrogen content is 0.2%-0.25%, and potassium content is 2%.
High grafted navel orange orchards should also be improved according to the above standards.
Tiantuan management
Garden stage index
(1) line gap shall be kept at 0.5m to ensure ventilation and light transmission. (2) The tree height should be controlled at about 2.5m; (3) The projected area of the crown accounts for 80%.
Navel orange planting
Tree structure: (1) Three main branches are naturally happy; (2) Leaf curtain thickness >; 1.5m； (3) Leaf area index 6-7; (4) maintaining the fruiting branch order of 9- 10; (5) The ratio of fruiting branches to regenerated mother branches is1:1; (6) The leaf-fruit ratio is 60: 1.
Plastic trimming
(1) nursery, using auxiliary branches to expand the volume, early fruiting and high yield. Promote branching by removing core and smearing buds. In the second year of planting, the tree width should reach 1m, and the thick top branches should be 100, and it should be put into production in the third year.
(2) the result garden, control (retraction); The skeletons of the three main branches are supported to form a natural and happy shape. After the plastic task is completed in the fifth year of planting, it is pruned according to the branch pruning method. Combined with the plan of transplanting plants with close planting.
Eradicate weeds
For the malignant weeds in the orchard, such as water peanuts, bamboo leaves, wild Artemisia, etc., spray 20% chlorhexidine EC 20ml with sprayer water. Talaron is a selective stem and leaf herbicide, which is only effective against broad-leaved weeds. On the one hand, the use of hexaflumuron in orchard can effectively solve the harm of malignant weeds such as water peanuts, and at the same time, it can meet the requirements of planting grass in orchard, killing two birds with one stone.
Guobao
June is the peak of physiological fruit drop of navel orange every year. There are two peaks in physiological fruit drop of navel orange. The first kind occurs after flowering, and the small fruit falls off with the fruit stalk, commonly known as the first physiological fruit drop. The second time occurred about 30 days after flowering, and the fruit drop was mainly caused by nutritional competition and hormone deficiency. According to the actual situation, foliar fertilizer such as "Shimapai Bao Guo" can be sprayed or measures such as ring cutting can be taken to protect the fruit. In addition, in order to prevent summer shoots from competing with young fruits for nutrients and aggravating fruit drop, summer shoots should be erased.