1, paving turf
Turf paving is a traditional plant protection measure for slope, which is suitable for low-height gentle slope and grass growth. It can cover the topsoil, prevent the rain from washing the slope, unite the soil, adjust the soil moisture, prevent cracks and strengthen the stability of the slope. Turf laying construction is simple, economical and practical, and the project cost is low. It can be planted in the selected place in advance, with short turf formation time, quick effect of slope protection function and less restriction by construction season.
2. Bolting and shotcreting support
Slope protection includes bolt-shotcrete support, shotcrete slope protection and bolt-shotcrete support. Among them, bolt-shotcrete support is a load-bearing structure composed of anchor rod, shotcrete and surrounding rock, which can limit the free development of surrounding rock deformation, adjust the stress distribution of surrounding rock and prevent rock from loosening and falling off. Shotcrete slope protection is a protective layer formed on strongly weathered rock slope, which has the characteristics of timely, close-fitting and closed.
3, hydraulic spray seeding grass slope protection
Hydraulic spray sowing and planting grass for slope protection is a newly developed slope plant protection measure abroad in recent ten years. It mixes grass seeds, fertilizer, adhesive, soil improver and so on according to a certain proportion, adds water into the mixing box and evenly stirs it, and then sprays it on the slope by mechanical pressurization to complete the grass planting construction. Hydraulic spray seeding and planting grass for slope protection has the advantages of simple construction, high speed, uniform germination of grass seeds, wide application range and low cost.
4. Gravity retaining wall
Gravity retaining wall is a common slope protection method. It uses the gravity of the slope or the wall itself to resist the lateral pressure of the slope, and directly pours the slope through concrete, block stone, flaky and other masonry or concrete. Gravity retaining wall has the advantages of local materials, convenient construction and good economic effect, and is widely used in railway, highway, water conservancy, port, mine and other projects.
5. Direct protection
Direct protection is to reinforce the bank slope of the river and resist the erosion and erosion of the water flow. Commonly used direct protection methods include riprap, dry rubble, mortar rubble, gabion and pointed beam construction. These methods can protect the slope from damage by strengthening the slope so that it can withstand the scouring and scouring of water flow.
6. Plant protection
The methods of slope protection include plant protection, vegetation protection and vegetation protection. Plant protection is to reinforce the slope by planting grass, spreading turf and planting trees, which is suitable for all kinds of soil slopes and partially weathered rock slopes. Vegetation slope protection is weak at first, but with the growth and reproduction of plants, the strength increases, which will play an increasingly important role in reducing slope instability and erosion.