The planting method of potted plum blossoms is mainly grafting, and cutting and bud grafting are commonly used. Peach or apricot as rootstock. Apricot red skin grafted with red plum, with harmonious skin color.
incision
Rootstocks that are more than one or two years old should be cut off at the end of March (cold room) or early April (open field), 3? Cut off the upper part of the rootstock at 5 cm. Scion adopts annual robust branches and is cut into 5? 6 cm, leaving at least 3 buds. The outer sides of the last bud are cut obliquely to form a duckbill shape. Open a 3 cm long joint on one side of the rhizome. Insert the scion into the incision of the rootstock, make them closely combined, and then tie them tightly with plastic film tape. Or bonded with polyester tape. Finally, put a small plastic bag on the scion, and the mouth of the bag is tied under the joint, so you can often look through the film. After survival, unbind.
bud grafting
Bud grafting is carried out in August-September. Ding? Glyph connection. First, cut a knife at the position of 1- 1 .5 cm above the scion bud, and then cut it down at the position of 1 cm below the bud, so that the cut wood inside the bud cortex can be gently peeled off (it has slightly sprouted with wood in recent years). Cross-cut the rootstock 5 cm from the soil surface, and then cut down from the center of the incision. Ding? Glyph, then gently peel off the cortex and insert the prepared scion? Ding? In the oral cortex. Buds should be firmly attached with rhizomes at the top? Ding? The upper end of the word mouth is tightly combined, and finally it is tied with plastic film strip or polyester tape. A week later, check the survival situation. If the petiole falls at the touch and the bud is green and full, it means survival. The next spring, it rose from the interface to 5? Cut it off at the top 6 cm of the rootstock, and the scion will germinate quickly. Pay attention to cutting roots and buds in the future. When changing pots or planting in pots, you can plant deeply downward, so that the interface will drop as much as possible and tie it up according to the growth situation to form a beautiful shape.
Preparation of basin soil
Mix13 of rice bran ash with 2/3 of river mud, add human excrement and urine, mix evenly, expose to the sun, and sieve for later use. The bottom of the basin is padded with tile stones to facilitate drainage, then filled with coarse soil, planted with plum piles, and compacted with buried soil.
Watering time
It is not advisable to water the basin; Water once after 3~4 days; Water once a day after 7~ 10; After survival, water 1~2 times a day from May to August. The soil should not be too wet or flooded.
Fertilize soil or land
Plum blossoms don't like being fat. When the new shoots grow to about 5 cm, 1 times fine bone sesame paste can be applied to make the branches grow healthily. There should be enough fertilizer and water when releasing leaves. Generally, dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied every month 1 time to promote lush foliage. When the branches grow to 20-25 cm, control the fertilizer and water. Top dressing twice in late summer and early autumn to promote flower bud differentiation. After each fertilization, attention should be paid to watering and loosening the soil in time to keep the soil loose, which is beneficial to root system development.
Temperature, light
Meihua likes sunny and well-ventilated environment, and is not tolerant of long-term shading. Only by giving them enough light to get the conditions of photosynthesis, can they get enough nutrition, grow sturdily and produce many big bright flowers.
Home Potted Red Plum Conservation Skills Land
Hongmei is sunny, so it must be placed in a place with plenty of sunshine and good air circulation. Red plums should be placed in a sunny and ventilated place. Although plum blossom is hardy and can blossom in Ling Xue, Ao Shuang, it is still warm and suitable for the climate in the south. If cultivated in cold areas in the north, it should be put indoors in winter.
Watershed selection and soil utilization
It is best to choose a clay basin with good air permeability and permeability, or a purple sand basin. But don't use porcelain pots and plastic pots. It is best to use loose and breathable soil, and 40% garden soil, 30% cinder and 30% humus can be used together.
water
Hongmei is very afraid of water accumulation, so it is necessary to flexibly control the watering amount according to the weather change and growth. In general, the principle is to keep the soil moist, and do not do it or water it. When the branches and leaves wither for a long time, they should be watered with small water for 2 ~ 3 days to gradually restore their vitality. It is forbidden to irrigate immediately with big water, resulting in a large number of fallen leaves and even death. In June, when the branches grow to 15 ~ 20cm, the flower buds begin to differentiate. At this time, water withholding should be implemented, that is, reducing the amount of water to make the top of plum plants wilt, and then watering a small amount of water. Do this for 2 ~ 3 times continuously, so that the top of plum plant will wither completely and stop growing, and then return to normal watering. This method is difficult to master. The simple method is to top the branches when they grow to 15 ~ 20 cm, and then pick them if new buds grow at the top. Only when the top stops growing can the flower buds grow well and bloom normally. Old water should be poured every time to make the water temperature basically consistent with the basin soil.
Keep the soil in the basin moist at ordinary times, and be careful not to water it to prevent water from accumulating in the basin. From the middle and late May to the middle and early June, that is, from germination to flower bud formation, it needs to be carried out? Withholding water? Treatment, that is, let the pot soil dry until the old leaves are slightly rolled, and then water it when the new buds shrink. Repeat this several times, destroy the growing point of the new shoots, stop the elongation of the new shoots, increase the appearance of flower buds, and then gradually return to normal watering.
Fertilize soil or land
Hongmei likes fertilizer, and organic fertilizer should be put at the bottom of the basin every year after the flowers wither. In the growing period, thin fertilizer can be applied once every half month to promote its growth and health. It is best to apply more phosphate fertilizer before flower bud formation. In addition to applying an appropriate amount of base fertilizer when changing pots after pruning in spring, dilute and decomposed bean cake water or other decomposed organic fertilizers can be applied after flowering. Apply fertilizer 1 time every half month in spring and autumn, apply thin fertilizer frequently, and avoid thick fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly applied in summer and autumn, and can be watered with 2/ 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or sprayed on the leaves twice a month1~ until flowering. Pay attention to the fertilization season. Generally, bone meal and bean cake can be put at the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer when turning the pot. Before the formation of flower buds in the middle and late May, 1 ~ 2 times of cake fertilizer and water can be applied as topdressing, and 1 ~ 2 times can be applied in early August, and topdressing can be carried out in autumn.
Vermicelli basin
Red plum bonsai is usually turned once every two years/kloc-0, and it is better to arrange it after flowering. When turning over the pots, about one third of the old soil is removed, the dead roots are cut off, and the excessively long old roots are pruned to obtain humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich humus.
Trim and replace flowerpots.
When new branches were born that year, red plums formed buds. Therefore, after the flowers wither every year, they should be pruned in time, leaving only two or three buds, and pay attention to making the buds grow outward. Cross branches, parallel branches, overlapping branches, opposite branches, long branches and branches that are too dense and too thin that affect the beauty of the tree should be trimmed. Pruning of plum blossoms is resistant to pruning, and flower buds can only be formed by branches of the current year, so pruning should be done once a year 1 time. After flowering or when the flowers will wither and the leaf buds begin to sprout, cut off the dense branches and weak branches, leaving 2 ~ 3 bud eyes at the base of each branch, and cut off all the others. At the same time, change the flowerpot upside down every 2 ~ 3 years 1 time. First, knock the plum plants out of the pot, remove the original soil 1/3 ~ 1/2, cut off the rotten roots, apply a proper amount of base fertilizer, add the prepared pot soil, plant them compactly, water them, and move them to the sunny place for management.
Control flowering period
In winter, red plum leaves are backward, so move them to an ice-free cold room or put them on a low-temperature balcony, and pay attention to opening the window for ventilation, so that they can be stimulated by low temperature for a period of time. At the same time, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, spray water around branches and flowerpots every day to keep the air moist. The temperature rises around 65438+ 10 before the Spring Festival. At first, the room temperature was kept at about 10 degrees Celsius, and sufficient sunshine was given. Before the Spring Festival 15 ~ 20 degrees Celsius 10 days, the room temperature was raised to 15, so that it could bloom in the season.
Eliminate pests and diseases
Powdery mildew can occur in summer with high temperature and humidity and poor ventilation. Spraying 70% thiophanate methyl powder 1500 times or 50% carbendazim powder 1000 times can prevent bituminous coal disease. Common pests are aphids and spiders, which can be killed or sprayed with 1/5000 1/deltamethrin,12-3 times a week, and the effect is good. Do not use DDV and dimethoate to avoid plant poisoning and death.
Matters needing attention in potted plum cultivation: fertilization: plum blossoms are barren-resistant, and generally do not need to apply too much fertilizer. Too much fertilizer is used, the branches and leaves are white and long, and flower buds are not easy to form. However, too little will cause poor growth. The principle of fertilization is a small amount and many times. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main factor before flower bud differentiation.
Water supply point:
(1) Attention should be paid to watering during the plum blossom growth period, and the soil in the basin should always be moist, so as not to accumulate water, be too wet or too dry, and master the principles of watering.
(2) Generally, when the temperature is low on cloudy days, water less or water more. You can water it twice a day in summer, once a day/kloc-0 in spring and autumn, and dry it thoroughly in winter.
Pruning essentials: Pruning time of plum blossoms can be carried out within 20 days after flowering. Give priority to with natural tree, cut off cross branches, erect branches, dead branches, too dense branches, etc. And cut short the side branches to promote the flowers to bloom. After potted plum blossoms are put into pots, they should be cut again to lay the foundation for bonsai.
Change the pot soil: plum blossoms should be changed in late March and early April, and the old roots and rotten roots should be cut off when changing pots. Sufficient organic base fertilizer should be applied to the basin bottom and replaced with neutral or slightly acidic loose and fertile culture soil.
Key points of propagation: grafting propagation is the main method of plum blossom, and cuttage and bud grafting are commonly used.
Pest control:
1, leaf shrinkage disease: it can be prevented by spraying tobrazine or carbendazim, or spraying 1% bordeaux solution every other week for 3-4 times.
2. Anthrax: 70% 1000 times of Tobezin solution or 600 times of zineb solution can be sprayed at the initial stage of the disease. When other diseases are found, spraying the above two kinds of liquid medicine can also be effective.