According to the production and cultivation practice in recent years, the high-yield cultivation techniques and main steps of Camellia oleifera are introduced as follows.
Location selection
Generally, mountain red soil, yellow red soil or slightly acidic sandy loam with deep and loose soil layer and ph value of 5 ~ 5.6 are selected.
Choose sunny and semi-sunny slopes below 500m above sea level, the south, east or southeast direction of woodland slope is better, the middle and downhill slopes below 25 are suitable, and the sides of the valley with a width less than 50 m are not suitable for afforestation.
Generally before sowing 1 month or more. According to the different conditions of afforestation sites, soil preparation and pit digging can be carried out. Flat land preparation, steep slope preparation, gentle slope preparation. After soil preparation, dig planting holes according to 40 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm.
Plastic trimming
1 young forest pruning
When the height of the tree is 70 ~ 80 cm, young trees should be pruned and young forests should be lightly pruned, usually after picking tea seeds or in March ~ April of the following year. The main tasks are to cut off budding branches, control overgrowth branches, cultivate fruiting mother branches, select several robust main branches, and properly trim foot branches to form a low natural crown.
After 4 ~ 5 years, the middle and lower inner branches can grow suitable fruits, but the upper flower buds should be smoothed.
2 Forest pruning
Because trees are pruned, branches are shaped, dense and sparse, weak and strong, young and old, young and heavy, the forest is ventilated and transparent, the fruit surface is enlarged and the yield is increased.
Cut lightly on sunny slopes, cut more on shady slopes as appropriate, cut the crown again, and do not cut the middle and upper parts.
In a word, you can't prune too much, lest the tree body is unbalanced, which will lead to excessive branch germination and affect its growth and development.
At the same time, Camellia oleifera generally blooms and bears fruit at the top, so it is only appropriate to thin branches, not to cut them short.
forest administration/management
Mainly reclamation, reclamation methods include belt reclamation, cave reclamation and trench reclamation.
Reclamation time can be divided into winter reclamation and summer reclamation. Generally, the method of three-year reclamation and 1 year reclamation is adopted. In winter, the depth of reclamation is 20 ~ 25 cm, and the clods should be turned up to make the grass roots soar into the sky, making first frost a winter. Reclamation in summer is to eliminate weeds in time, cut off soil capillaries, and increase soil water permeability and water storage capacity. Therefore, shallow shovel should be used in summer reclamation, and the depth is generally 10 ~ 15 cm.
Fertilization method
There are three main fertilization methods for Camellia oleifera: furrow fertilization, annular furrow fertilization and foliar spraying.
Strip furrow application and ring furrow application, that is, in the forest land along the crown, shallow furrows or ring fertilization ditches are evenly opened, and fertilizers are evenly scattered in the ditches and covered with soil.
In order to avoid fertilizer burns, fertilization should be far away from trees, young trees should be away from trees 15 ~ 20 cm, and big trees should be away from trees 50 ~ 60 cm, so it is not advisable to use too much at one time.
In a word, the fertilization of Camellia oleifera should be based on organic materials, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, and coordinated with the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to coordinate the growth and development stages.
Different fertilizers should be used in different periods. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied to seedlings, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is mainly applied to forests, organic fertilizer is mainly applied to autumn, and quick-acting fertilizer is mainly applied to spring and summer, using furrow application or hole application.