1, processing program carrier
When the CNC machine tool is working, it is necessary to compile a processing program to control the CNC machine tool. The machining program of parts includes the relative motion trajectory, process parameters and auxiliary motion of the tool and workpiece on the machine tool. The part machining program is stored in a program carrier with a certain format and code, and the program information is input to the numerical control unit through the input device of the numerical control machine tool.
2, numerical control device
The core of CNC machine tools. Modern numerical control devices are all in the form of CNC. Generally, multiple microprocessors are used to realize numerical control functions in the form of programming software, so it is also called software numerical control. Numerical control system is a position control system, which interpolates the ideal motion trajectory according to the input data, and then outputs it to the executive parts to process the required parts.
3. Servo and measurement feedback system
Servo system is an important part of CNC machine tools, which is used to realize feed servo control and spindle servo control of CNC machine tools. The function of the servo system is to convert the command information received from the numerical control device into linear displacement or angular displacement of the execution part of the machine tool after power amplification and shaping.
Servo system is the last link of CNC machine tools, and its performance will directly affect the accuracy, speed and other technical indicators of CNC machine tools. Therefore, the servo drive device of CNC machine tools is required to have good fast response performance, accurately and sensitively track the digital instruction signals sent by CNC machine tools, and faithfully execute the instructions sent by CNC machine tools, so as to improve the dynamic tracking characteristics and static tracking accuracy of the system.
4. Machine tool body
Machine tool host is the main body of CNC machine tools. Including lathe bed, base, upright post, cross beam, slide seat, workbench, spindle box, feed mechanism, tool rest and automatic tool changing device, it is a mechanical part that automatically completes various cutting processes on CNC machine tools.
5, CNC machine tool auxiliary device
In order to ensure the full play of the functions of CNC machine tools, auxiliary equipment is essential. Commonly used auxiliary devices include: pneumatic and hydraulic devices, chip removal devices, cooling and lubricating devices, rotary tables and numerical control indexing heads, protection, lighting and other auxiliary devices.
Baidu encyclopedia-numerical control machine tool