I. Environmental protection requirements of passion fruit
(1) temperature. The most suitable growth temperature of passion fruit is 20℃-30℃, generally not lower than 0℃ for good growth. When the temperature reaches -2℃, the plant will be seriously injured or even killed, so it is suitable for planting in the area with annual average temperature 16- 18℃.
(2) moisture. Passionflower grows best when the annual rainfall is above 1500mm and it is evenly distributed.
(3) lighting. As a tropical fruit, passion fruit likes plenty of sunshine to promote the growth and nutrient accumulation of branches and vines. Long sunshine conditions are conducive to the flowering of passion fruit. In areas where the annual sunshine hours exceed 265,438+000 hours, passion fruit grows well, accumulates more nutrients, and branches and vines grow fast, bearing early fruits and high yield.
(4) soil. Passion fruit has strong adaptability and low requirements for soil. The loam layer produced in a large area is at least 0.5 meters above, the soil is fertile and loose, the drainage is good, and the soil PH value is 5.5-6.5.
Second, the variety selection of passion fruit
The area of passion fruit planted in Tengchong is nearly 1200 mu, but most of them are local old varieties with poor disease resistance and low fruit yield. The commercial planting varieties should be Xiangzi 1 and 2, which were bred in Brazil. Xiangzi 1 early maturity, single fruit weight 60-130g. It can be picked and put on the market in June, and Xiangzi 2 is a little late. Planting in the same year and harvesting in the same year, the yield per mu is more than 1000- 1500 kg.
Three, passion fruit orchard planning and construction
(1) Land selection and excavation. Passion fruit planting and development park should be planted in areas with convenient transportation, sunny and leeward, and thick soil layer. It can be gentle slope land, terrace land or flat land, which requires deep soil layer, fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Dig the planned garden to a depth of 50-60 cm with an excavator to facilitate the lush growth of passion fruit in the later period.
(2) scaffolding. Passion fruit is a vine, which can grow normally only by scaffolding. The frame may be a flat ceiling frame. The pile spacing is 4× 5m, and the general shed height is 1.8-2m. Scaffolding materials can be 10× 10×250cm cement piles. Laying 16mm2 steel strand on the vertical and horizontal trunk of the pile top, pulling a 2.0mm2 steel wire every 100cm along the row spacing direction and tightening it.
(3) Dig a pond. The row spacing of the planting pond is 4× 5m, 30 plants are planted per mu, and the pond depth is 60×60×60 (cm). 25 kg of farmyard manure and 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each pond as base fertilizer.
(4) Colonization. Passion fruit can be planted all year round, but it is most suitable after spring, and it should be cloudy or sunny after rain. When planting seedlings, the old leaves should be cut off properly, and the nutrition bags should be broken out of the ground and not buried in the soil. When planting seedlings, mix well with a proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam to make planting soil or covering soil. When planting, straighten out the root system, fill the soil in layers and compact it. Water the roots in time after planting. In the newly dug planting hole, the root neck of the seedlings is slightly higher than the ground 8- 10 cm when planting, and the tree tray is sorted out after planting. After checking that the root system is not exposed, cover the tree tray with plastic film, and remove the plastic film after the seedlings survive in May-June.
Four. Orchard management of passion fruit
(1) Fertilize. The new species of passion fruit is mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage to promote plant growth. Rooting begins on 10- 15 days after planting, and 0.5% diluted urea or diluted human excrement and urine can be applied, and then every 20 days, 5 kg of decomposed human excrement and urine or 0. Apply 1 kg compound fertilizer per plant.
20-30 kg of farm manure, 0.6-0.7 kg of urea, 0.6-0.9 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0.2-/0.3 kg of potash fertilizer/kloc-per plant are applied annually. Farmhouse manure and phosphate fertilizer were applied before and after beginning of spring, urea and potassium fertilizer were applied once a month during flowering and fruiting, and the mixed fertilizer was 0.3-0.4 kg per plant.
(2) irrigation. Passion fruit is a shallow-rooted plant, which likes humidity, is afraid of stagnant water and drought. Therefore, first of all, we should open the drainage ditch to prevent water accumulation in the orchard; If it doesn't rain for a long time, consider watering it once.
(3) Soil management. After clearing the garden in winter, the whole garden should be turned over, and weeds and fallen leaves should be buried in the clearing garden when turning over. Then remove 2 kg of phoxim granules and 25-30 kg of lime per mu.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Passion Fruit Tree Modeling
(1) with vines on the shelf. After the seedlings resume their growth, they should be smeared with buds 1 time every 5 days to make the main vines grow fast and stout. When the main vine grows to 40-50 cm, Dianthus should be inserted in time to guide the main vine to the shelves. After the main vine is put on the frame, it is necessary to guide the side vine to grow spirally on the steel wire frame. After the lateral vines are full, the top is broken. One branch on each side of the lateral vine is beneficial to the early emergence and fruiting of branches.
(2) Young tree shaping. Adopt the method of single main vine with two layers and four branches. When the main vine grows to 70-80 cm, leave two side vines and drag them on the shelf to make the first main vine. When the plant grows to 150- 160 cm, 1 strong lateral branches are left, which are used as two layers of main branches together with the main spreading branches, and are respectively pulled in opposite directions to form two layers of four-branch rattan. During this period, all the lateral branches and budding branches below 80 cm and between 80- 160 cm of the main vine should be cut or erased.
(3) shaping old trees. The shoots germinated after fruit picking in the previous year produced fruiting vines on almost all nodes above the middle. Last year, we should leave as many fruit branches as possible, but in order to prevent the shed surface from being too dense, we should trim the fruits as soon as possible after picking them. Keep vines according to the two main branches, the branches near the main branches are covered with fruits first, and the fruits are pruned to 2-3 nodes immediately after they are ripe, so that the buds sprouting at the base of the main branches can form new fruiting branches. After harvesting the last batch of fruits in winter, all the fruiting branches are pruned from the base.