In recent years, yellow peach has emerged in the big city market with its bright appearance, orange pulp, rich nutrition, rich aroma, low sweetness and sourness, and good storage and transportation resistance, and its price is more than three times that of peach (the wholesale price of orchards in Hebei Province in 2003 was 4.8 yuan/kg). Yellow peaches are also the main processed peaches, especially in recent years, canned yellow peaches in China sell well in European and American markets. Chicago alone sells more than 30 containers of canned yellow peaches in China every year. The planting area of yellow peach in China reached 26,500 hectares in 1987. However, due to the decline of China's canned processing industry for a considerable period of time, most of the yellow peach trees have been destroyed, and there are not many big peach gardens with full fruits, so there is a big gap between fresh yellow peaches and processing raw materials at home and abroad. First, the selection and preparation of nursery land, both peach seedlings and rootstock seedlings grafted with peach, have the characteristics of drought resistance and waterlogging resistance. Therefore, peach orchards should generally choose cultivated land with higher terrain, flat ground and no water accumulation. In view of the characteristics of continuous spring drought in our province in recent years, the nursery should choose places with irrigation conditions and prepare for watering rootstocks in spring drought; Where there is no water source, it can also be used as nursery land, but the sowing amount should be increased accordingly. After the nursery land is selected, it should be turned over in autumn, and base fertilizer, preferably decomposed farmyard manure, or 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate (1000 square meter, the same below) should be applied in combination with autumn turning. When the rootstock is ridged, the height of the ridge platform should be 3-5 cm lower than that of the corn field, which is convenient for winter cold protection. Generally speaking, ordinary cultivated land without salinization or waterlogging can be used as a peach garden, but it needs to be emphasized that the cultivated land that has been used as a peach garden and poplar nursery before can be used as a peach garden again after 2-3 years of fallow rotation. The second is to cultivate rootstock seedlings of Prunus tomentosa, Prunus tomentosa and Prunus armeniaca. Can be used as peach rootstock. In the Central Plains, Prunus tomentosa and Prunus armeniaca are generally recommended as rootstocks. These two varieties have developed roots (belonging to the main roots), are barren-tolerant, have strong affinity after grafting and flourish. In order to develop splendid yellow peach in our province, it is best to choose Prunus tomentosa as rootstock, because Prunus tomentosa has shallow root system and no obvious taproot, and the fruit trees are dwarfed, which is convenient for cooling down. Prunus tomentosa ripens early and seeds can be harvested in June. After harvesting, the pulp is washed and dried in the shade for use. It is best to sow Prunus tomentosa in autumn. Before sowing, soak it for 24 hours, then soak it in 0.5% copper sulfate 1000 times solution for 2 hours, rinse it and sow it. Spring-sown Prunus tomentosa seeds should be sown in layers. Layering treatment should be started in the middle and late February of 1 year at the latest. Wet river sand and seeds should be fully mixed according to the ratio of 3: 1, and the moisture should not be too large. Hold hands together, fingers will not drip when they see water, and put them when they touch. After mixing, put it in a container with a temperature of 2-5 degrees, and sow it after 130- 140 days. It is appropriate to sow before April 15 in our province. Layered seeds are not as drought-tolerant as autumn sowing. In case of severe spring drought, irrigation should be done in time to prevent seeds from drying and affecting germination. In recent years, caves have also been planted to build gardens. That is to say, determine the row spacing of the orchard first, put 3-5 seeds directly after the fixed point, and do not move the seedlings after grafting, which can play the role of early seedling and early fruit. Sowing amount (ridge sowing): autumn sowing seeds are calculated according to per mu 10 kg; Spring sowing seeds are 7.5- 10 kg per mu. The sowing amount in particularly arid areas should exceed 15 kg, and 7.5 kg layered seeds should be sown per mu with irrigation conditions. Generally, this sowing amount can guarantee about 5000 cherry rootstocks per mu/kloc-0. If there are more than 20,000 plants per mu, the seedlings should be properly thinned to ensure the Miao Zhuang and reach the grafting thickness of that year. Cherry rootstock seedlings can generally grow to 30 cm in height at the beginning of July. At this time, the core should be removed to help the rootstock thicken. 3. Grafting (1) and scion adoption: Jinxiu yellow peach has a certain number in our province, belonging to domesticated varieties, especially after the test of 200 1 severe cold and drought in 2003, it shows that this variety has adapted to the local climate conditions, and scion adoption should be based on this province, and an orchard with no pests and good tree potential should be selected. (2) Autumn bud grafting of rootstock in that year: autumn bud grafting is suitable for our province from late July to late August. According to the grafting amount, the grafting should be done sooner rather than later, and it can be completed before August 25th. Grafting start date = August 25th-grafting number ÷ (grafting number/day × 1500 plants/person)-rainy days and days affected by uncertain factors. It was completed on August 25th for two reasons. One reason is that this is the last peeling period of Prunus tomentosa rootstock. The second is to prevent the buds from sprouting early and being frozen. It should be emphasized that the budding part should be as close to the ground as possible, so as to cover the soil for cold protection before freezing. The soil covering at seedling stage can be carried out in the first ten days of 1 1 10, and the soil is turned over with a plow to cover the buds. (3) Spring grafting of overwintering rootstocks: scions can be collected and stored in pits after defoliation in autumn, or harvested after removing cold-proof soil from fruit trees in spring, and the grafting time is between mid-April and mid-May. (4) Bud grafting: Bud seedlings refer to seedlings transplanted after grafting and before bud seedlings grow. Take the autumn bud grafting method, and the bud grafting position should be higher than the ground 15-20 cm, so that the grafted buds will not be buried in the soil after transplanting. This grafting method has high scion position, strong drought resistance and early fruit bearing. 4. The plastic sprouts are moved out of the cold soil in the second year of April in the nursery. When the temperature rises to about 65438 00 degrees, the anvil is untied and broken, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied topdressing, and nitrogen fertilizers can be applied appropriately to the barren land. After the grafted seedlings are grafted in spring, the rootstock should be folded more than 5 cm above the joint, with a connection of about 65,438+0/3 to supply nutrients for the newly grafted buds and roots. When the grafted bud grows to about 5 cm, the rootstock should be broken and unbound at 0.5 cm above the joint. The survival rate of grafting in spring is relatively low, and buds can be cultured from the side branches of rootstocks in autumn. After breaking the anvil, the root buds should be smoothed continuously to promote the rapid growth of peach buds. Peach trees grow vigorously and can differentiate into secondary branches that year. Therefore, plastic surgery in the garden is beneficial to early formation, flower bud differentiation and early fruiting. The splendid yellow peach in our province needs creeping cultivation and winter cold protection. Its shape is different from other areas, and it should be fan-shaped pruning, which can be palm fan-shaped (left in the picture), creeping fan-shaped (in the picture) or wing-shaped (right in the picture). The general requirement is that the main lateral branches should be on a horizontal plane, which is convenient for cold protection. I advocate creeping fan-shaped pruning of the splendid yellow peach in our province, that is, keeping 3-4 elongated branches at the same height on a horizontal plane can increase the yield in the young tree period, and gradually shorten the middle fruiting branches in the full fruit period to form a two-winged tree, which can enhance the light and improve the fruit quality. Palm fan management is simple, and the fruit yield is large. If it is used as a raw material for deep processing, it is an ideal tree shape, but this tree shape uses a lot of soil for cold protection. V. Classification of Seedlings and Heels in Peach Seedlings: Peach seedlings grow vigorously, especially with prolonged growth. Therefore, the classification of peach seedlings should be based not on height, but on the root system, ground diameter and plasticity of seedlings. Therefore, peach seedlings with developed root system, thick ground diameter, branches extending in a horizontal plane and large opening should be classified into one category when raised. However, the roots are underdeveloped or cracked, the ground diameter is thin, and the branches are irregular, so they are classified into one category and sold separately. Planting peach seedlings is a key technical link. The following-in of peach seedlings in our province can be completed before mid-June 1 1, and the mountain area should be advanced accordingly. Dig roots in the ditch before emergence, the width is 1m, the depth is 0.5m, and the length is not more than 10m. If there are many seedlings, dig another heel in the ditch, with a spacing of more than 20cm, so as to avoid too much heel and thermal injury. Bundle the picked peach seedlings with straw according to twenty or thirty trees, fasten the grade label, obliquely pile them in the ditch that follows, and cover them in rows at a small angle with the ground, leaving the seedlings slightly for the time being. When the temperature drops below 0 degrees, cover the seedlings with a layer of soil, pat them slightly at noon and leave pores. In order not to be suspected, copying websites is still a respect for people, http://www.natesc.gov. Good luck ~