There are about 100 species of Phalaenopsis, which are native to Europe, Asia, North Africa, North America and Central America. Two famous species: P. bifolia, which has white flowers and small plants; Jinsulan has large flowers, green and white, and large plant shape. Both of them have 5 ~ 15 flowers, which are fragrant and spike-shaped. Phalaenopsis stems are short and usually covered with leaf sheaths. Leaves are slightly fleshy, usually 3-4 or more, green on the front, purple on the back, oval, oblong or sickle-shaped, 10-20 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, sharp or obtuse at the top, cuneate or sometimes oblique at the base, and short and wide leaf sheaths. Inflorescence lateral to stem base, up to 50 cm long, unbranched or sometimes branched; Peduncle green, 4-5 mm thick, covered by several scale sheaths; Inflorescence axis is purple-green, more or less folded, and often several flowers open from the base to the top in turn; Bracts ovate-triangular, 3-5 mm long; Pedicel ovary green, slender, 2.5-4.5 cm long; The flowers are white, beautiful and have a long flowering period; The middle sepal is nearly oval, 2.5-3cm long and1.4-1.7cm wide, with blunt apex, slightly narrow base and reticulate veins. Lateral sepals are ovoid, 2.6-3.5 cm long and 65438 0.4-2.2 cm wide, with blunt tip and narrow base, attached to pistil base and reticulate veins; Petals are rhombic and round, 2.7-3.4 cm long and 2.4-3.8 cm wide, with rounded apex, narrow short claws at the base and reticulate veins; The lip is 3-cleft with Phalaenopsis at the base, about 7-9 long (Figure 1).
Millimeter claws; Lateral leaves are erect, obovate, 2 cm long, with round or acute apex, narrow base with red spots or fine stripes, and 1 yellow sarcoidosis between two leaves and at the base of middle leaf; The middle leaf is rhombic, with a length of1.5-2.8cm, a width of1.4-1.7cm, a tapering tip, two tendrils 8-18mm long and a wedge-shaped base. Pistil stout, about 65438 0 cm long, pistil foot wide; 2 pollen balls, nearly spherical, each divided into 2 pieces of different sizes. The flowering period is from April to June. The scientific name of Phalaenopsis is "butterfly orchid", according to the original Greek meaning. It can absorb nutrients in the air and survive, belonging to the category of aerial orchids, which can be said to be a large family of tropical orchids. Its plants are very strange. There are neither stolons nor pseudobulb. Each tree only grows a few broad leaves the thickness of a spoon, which are alternately stacked on the base. White roots are exposed around the leaves, and some are close to the outer wall of the flowerpot, which is very natural and wild. During the Spring Festival, a foot-long pedicel is pulled out from the axils of leaves and then blooms one after another. Each flower has five sunsets with a lip embedded in the middle. Bright colors capture sunlight, including pure white, goose yellow and belly red, as well as lavender, orange red and blue. There are many two-color or three-color varieties, some like embroidered stripes, some like uniform color points, with seven or eight flowers per branch and twelve or three more flowers, which can be watched continuously for sixty or seventy days. When all the flowers are in full bloom, it seems that a group of butterflies are dancing gently, and its elegant leisure is really picturesque and dreamlike. Phalaenopsis (Figure 2)
Phalaenopsis is a famous cut flower variety, belonging to more than 50 species. Phalaenopsis is a monocotyledonous epiphytic orchid with short stems and large leaves. It has one or several arched flower stems and large flowers, so it is named because the flowers look like butterflies. Beautiful flowers and bright colors are the treasures of tropical orchids and have the reputation of "Orchid Queen". Phalaenopsis is elegant and colorful, so it is named after the flower looks like a butterfly. They are widely planted all over the world. Although it belongs to aerial orchid, it has no pseudobulbous stem and only a very short stem at the base. The leaves are wide and thick, long and oval, and can reach more than 50 cm. Some varieties have beautiful light silver spots on their leaves and purple bottoms. Pedicels are pulled out from the axils of leaves, slightly curved, with different lengths, and several to hundreds of flowers are shaped like butterflies. Sepals are long and oval, and the tip of the lip has three leaflets. They can bloom for more than a month, and most of them are cut flowers abroad, which are high-grade products in cymbidium. Most Phalaenopsis has no smell and smells. We call it fragrant Phalaenopsis. This kind of Phalaenopsis is rare, but many people say it smells bad after smelling it. Some people have a headache when they work near that kind of flower.
Conservation tillage
abstract
I like high temperature, high humidity, ventilation and semi-cloudy environment, and avoid waterlogging and stuffy. The overwintering temperature shall not be lower than 15 degrees. Because Phalaenopsis was born in the tropical rain forest area, it likes warm and cold by nature. The optimum growth temperature is 18 ~ 30℃. If it is lower than 15℃ in winter, it will stop growing, and if it is lower than 10℃, it will die easily. If large-scale production is to be carried out in all parts of Lingnan, it is necessary to have cold-proof facilities and implement protective cultivation. If the amount of family planting is small, you can move indoors to keep the temperature and winter safely when it is cold. Its propagation mostly adopts cell tissue culture, and it can bloom about two years after transplanting into seedlings in test tubes. When the flowering period of some mother plants is over, sometimes axillary buds on pedicels will grow and develop into offspring. When it grows roots, it can be cut from the pedicel for ramet propagation.
material
Because of its air-borne characteristics, the potted plants should not use soil, but should use water moss, pumice, prickly chips, charcoal chips and so on. Or directly fix the seedlings on the rime board (also known as snake wood) and let them grow on their own. This cultivation method is modeled after its original ecological environment. When the flowers bloom, hanging the whole board on the wall is really charming. Phalaenopsis has many air roots. The root tip is green and sensitive. Be careful to protect it. Never touch or damage the root tip, otherwise the root will stop growing.
temperature
Phalaenopsis belongs to tropical high-temperature orchids, and the suitable growth temperature is 20-30 degrees Celsius. Below 15 degrees, you will go to sleep; below 10 degrees, you will die easily. However, the high temperature above 35 degrees affects growth and is easy to get sick. Flowering needs a low temperature of 15- 18 degrees for one month to promote flower bud differentiation, and then if the low temperature continues, the germination of pedicels will be delayed.
air
Phalaenopsis likes high humidity and ventilation. It is required that the humidity of the air should always be kept at 60% ~ 80%, and it is best to keep the air flowing with a breeze, and there should not be too much water in the basin. If the root is surrounded by liquid water for 6-8 hours, it is easy to rot, so ventilation is the key to raising Phalaenopsis. If the material is crisp and breathable, the root will grow strong. Avoid dry and hot wind blowing. Planting in winter in the north can't be placed on the radiator, nor can it be blown directly against the air conditioning wind.
sunlight
Phalaenopsis is mostly attached to the branches of tall trees in tropical rain forest under natural conditions, and is sheltered by shade. Avoid direct sunlight, otherwise it will burn leaves in a large area, but it can't stand cloudy days indoors, which leads to slow growth and is not conducive to nutrient storage and flowering. It is best to put it on the balcony or windowsill facing north and east, so that you can receive scattered light, grow strong and get sick less.
moisture
Because there are no stolons and pseudobulb, Phalaenopsis is not drought-tolerant, and because of its aerial characteristics, Phalaenopsis is also afraid of waterlogging and dampness. It is enough to keep the material moist during the high temperature period in summer. You can spray water to cool and humidify (but you can't leave water in the leaf core, which is easy to rot). You can also humidify the flowerpot with a wet towel. However, it must be noted that the roots should not be excessively wet for a long time, especially when they are surrounded by liquid water for a long time. For example, the daily watering amount in summer, which is naturally air-dried on that day and moist between dry days, will greatly reduce the occurrence of root rot and diseases. There is little water in winter, so keep the material slightly wet.
Fertilize soil or land
The fertilization principle of Phalaenopsis is to apply thin fertilizer frequently and avoid excessive application of chemical fertilizer. The concentration should be diluted 1 times according to the nominal concentration on the fertilizer packaging instructions. That is 1500 -2000 times or so. You can also use special fertilizer for Phalaenopsis. Application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in growth period promotes application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in flowering period. It can be once a week or once every half a month. Fertilization is not applied during the dormancy period of flowering, and proper fertilization should be paid attention to in the early and late stages of flowering.
Flower-promoting condition
The flowering of Phalaenopsis is mainly affected by temperature. Flower bud differentiation needs low temperature stimulation. The latent buds in the stem can be transformed into flower buds after a month of low temperature stimulation at 20-23 degrees during the day and below 18 degrees at night (but not below 15 degrees for a long time). After that, the flower buds need higher temperature when they break through the epidermis and grow into pedicels, and the normal growth temperature is appropriate. Continued low temperature will lead to slow germination of pedicels, too small flowers or even wither halfway. Appropriate increase in sunshine during flowering period is helpful for brightly colored flowers to bloom early.
disease prevention
Because Phalaenopsis grows in a high temperature and high humidity environment. It is easy to be invaded by germs. Once the disease spreads rapidly, prevention should be given priority. Common viral diseases include leaf spot, root rot and anthracnose, and the pesticide chlorothalonil can be used at ordinary times. Guanjunqing is more effective with its upgraded product Dakangning preparation or thiophanate methyl (this drug can be prevented and cured, but bacteria are prone to drug resistance and cannot be used alone for a long time). Yes 1000- 1500 times, spray 1 time every seven or eight days, and spray three times in a row. These potions will leave white marks on the leaves, and they don't need to be wiped off, so they can continue to play a bactericidal role. For the similar products mentioned above, suspension has better effect and longer duration than powder. Operationally, the human body is not so addictive.