There are generally several conditions for planting pepper: temperature and humidity, moisture, light and so on.
Environmental conditions have a great influence on the growth and development of pepper. Zanthoxylum bungeanum has its inherent characteristics and strict requirements on environmental conditions. Environmental conditions refer to the sum of all environmental and ecological factors of the species, including climate, soil and topography.
Temperature and humidity: Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a tree species that likes temperature but is not cold-resistant, and a mild climate is a necessary condition for its growth and development. It is cultivated in the place where the annual average temperature is 8- 16℃, but it is cultivated more in the place of 10- 14℃. In areas where the average temperature is lower than 10℃, freezing injury often occurs, although it is occasionally released. After winter dormancy, the average air overflows in spring and hides above 6℃. Zanthoxylum bungeanum buds began to germinate at about 10℃. The suitable slump of flowering period is 16- 18t, and the suitable slump of fruit growth and development is 20-25℃. The gas recession in spring has the greatest influence on the yield of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in that year, and the gas recession in storage season is low, especially when it turns cold, which often causes the yield reduction of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
Water content: Zanthoxylum bungeanum has strong early resistance, which can basically meet its growth and development when the annual precipitation is more than 500mm and the distribution is relatively uniform. Too wet soil is not conducive to the growth of pepper; Short-term accumulation of water can kill pepper. Too little precipitation during the growth period will seriously affect the yield because of premature drying; Too much water is easy to cause diseases and insect pests, and because of too much humidity, the heat is reduced, which is not conducive to the growth of pepper and the expansion and maturity of fruit, and even leads to root suffocation and death. From April to May, Zanthoxylum bungeanum will spread its leaves and grow branches from germination stage to flowering and fruiting stage. At the same time, it is necessary to provide water for flowering and fruiting, that is, the process from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. It is very sensitive to water demand and needs a lot of water. Generally, more than 80mm precipitation is needed, and 80- 150mm precipitation is most suitable for the growth of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in this period.
Illumination: Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a light-loving plant, and it needs more heat conditions during its growth period to grow well, fully mature and obtain higher yield. Especially in July and August when Zanthoxylum bungeanum is colored, whether the light is sufficient is the key stage to improve the quality and yield of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Sufficient sunshine, first, refers to the increase of ultraviolet rays, which is conducive to the coloring of peppers; Secondly, the increase of photosynthetic products is beneficial to the thickening of pepper pulp and the increase of yield. Generally, the sunshine hours are not less than 1800h in the whole year, not less than 0.200h in the growing period, and the sunshine percentage is 50%-60%. Practice has proved that in flowering period, if the light is good, the fruit setting rate is obviously improved; Rainy weather and low humidity are likely to cause flowers and fruits to fall in large venues. On a tree, the flower buds of the outer branches with good light conditions are full, the fruit setting rate is high, the flower buds of the inner branches are small, and the fruit setting is few. Therefore, attention should be paid to reasonable close planting in garden construction, reasonable shaping and pruning in bamboo cultivation, and continuous improvement of lighting conditions.