This variety grows vigorously, with a height of about 1.5m and a fan shape. The germination rate and branching ability are medium. Less basal branches. Mature shoots are grayish brown, with short internodes and rough epidermis. Perennial branches are dark purple, with dense lenticels and arranged vertically in rows. The bud is small and sharp, the terminal bud is solitary and the bud scale is reddish. The leaves are dark and shiny, with deep wrinkles, upward edge, downward tip and serrated tip. The ear axis is thick and semi-pendulous, and one bud can send out 1~2 ears. The main panicle is 4~6cm long, the secondary panicle is 1~2cm long, the main panicle bears 7~ 10 grains, and the secondary panicle bears 3~5 grains. Self-flowering and high seed setting rate. The fruit is neat in size, full of luster, with sparse and obvious fruit points, thick peel, large calyx and persistent and erect sepals. The sugar content of fruit is 6%~7%, and the acid content is about 2.5%. Every100g of fresh fruit contains vitamin C130 ~ 250mg, soluble solids 16%, and the average fruit weight is 0.8g. The yield per plant is about 5kg, and the highest can reach 7.5kg. The fruit ripens at the same time and in late July. Phenological period is slightly later than other varieties. This variety needs to be buried in cold soil in winter in cold areas to survive the winter safely.

Thick-skinned black beans with soil and grain liquid

2. Thin-skinned black beans

The plant cluster of this variety is weak, the height is 1~ 1.5m, and the plant cluster is semicircular. High germination rate and medium branching ability. There are many basal branches. Mature shoots are yellowish brown, with smooth epidermis and long internodes. Perennial branches are dark purple-gray, lenticels are scattered and small. Dormant base branches are grayish white. Branches are soft, and fruits droop easily when they grow. Leaves are light green, spreading, with downward leaf margin, petioles and tender stems of young leaves are light purple, and the leaf margin is serrated and obtuse. The bud is big and round, and the top bud is connected with the third bud. Ears are relatively long, 6~8cm. One bud can take out 1~3 flower spikes, and three buds can take out 6~9 fruit spikes at most, with an average of 12~ 16 per spike, an average fruit weight of 0.6~0.8g, and large and tidy fruit grains. Sepals persistent, reflexed. Fruits are concentrated and mature, and mature in early July. The peel is thin, juicy, not resistant to storage and transportation, and easy to drop fruit after maturity. The sugar content of fruit is 5%~6%, and the soluble solids 13.25%. Every 100g of fresh fruit contains vitamin C 120~ 150mg. High yield, early phenology and cold tolerance. In the mountainous and semi-mountainous areas of Heilongjiang Province, it overwinters naturally without burying soil, and dies in the plain areas with less snow.

3. Zaofeng (code 80- 1- 1)

This variety was bred by Mudanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences with thin-skinned black bean seedlings, and was approved by Heilongjiang Crop Variety Approval Committee on 1990.

Early harvest has large fruit, high yield, cold tolerance and early entry into full fruit stage. Single fruit weight 1. Og, the total sugar content is 5.58%, the titratable acid content is 3. 15%, and every 100g fresh fruit contains vitamin C 130mg. Compared with thin-skinned bright leaves, the yield of 2-3 year-old trees of this variety increased by 13.7% and 20.6% respectively. The cold resistance is close to thin skin, and areas with more snow in winter can spend the winter without burying soil. However, the consistency of fruit size of this variety is slightly poor, and its resistance to powdery mildew is weak. Mudanjiang and Jilin are cultivated.

4. Oibin

Northeast Agricultural University was introduced from Poland, and was approved by Heilongjiang Crop Variety Approval Committee on 199 1.

This variety is clustered, vigorous, compact, short and small, with a three-year-old plant height of 63cm and a crown diameter of 77cm. The new bud has short internodes. The branches are thick and hard. Each flower bud bears 2 inflorescences, and each inflorescence bears 5-7 flowers. The seed setting rate of self-pollination is 52%, and that of natural pollination is 52%. The fruit is basically round, with a longitudinal diameter of 1.3cm and a transverse diameter of 1.25cm. The fruit is neat and beautiful, with persistent sepals, thick and black peel and obvious fruit points. Average fruit weight 1.08g, maximum fruit weight 1.70g, soluble solids 14%, total sugar 7.0 1%, and total acid content 2.95%. Every 100g of fresh fruit contains vitamin C 107.5 1mg and zinc 30.48mg/kg. It blooms in mid-May and ripens in early July, with the same maturity, and can be harvested at one time. The average yield of three-year-old plants is 1.2kg, and the highest yield is 2.4kg. This variety is more resistant to powdery mildew than the main varieties in Heilongjiang Province and has strong cold resistance. In some places with good microclimate conditions in Heilongjiang province, it is possible to overwinter in the open air, but in most areas, it is necessary to bury the soil to prevent cold to overwinter safely. Thick peel, storage and transportation resistance, suitable for mechanical harvesting. The fruit parts of this variety move up seriously, and improper pruning management will affect the yield.

Variety 199 1 has been approved by Heilongjiang Crop Variety Approval Committee.

5.lisanya

Variety 1986 was introduced from Poland by Northeast Agricultural University, and 1994 was approved by Heilongjiang Crop Variety Approval Committee.

Li Sangjia has medium growth potential, small clump and half-open crown. Short internodes, soft branches, obvious lenticels, yellowish brown and sparse. Leaves palmate, relatively flat, dark green. This variety has obvious early results. In the second year, 87% plants can blossom and bear fruit after planting green branch cuttings (cutting twigs in late June). Each flower bud has an average of 2.3 inflorescences, and each inflorescence has an average of 13 flowers. The fruit setting rate of natural pollination is 78%. The fruiting branches have strong continuous fruiting ability, and the fruiting parts do not move up. The fruit ripens in the same way, and it ripens in mid-July and can be harvested at one time. The longitudinal diameter of fruit1.25cm, and the transverse diameter1.1.5cm.. Sepals persistent, erect. The skin is thick and black. The average fruit weight is 0.96g, the maximum fruit weight is1.70 g, the soluble solid content is 14.5%, the total sugar content is 7. 1 1%, and the total acid content is 2.73%. Every 100g of fresh fruit contains vitamin C 130.72mg and zinc 48.03mg/kg. The two-year average yield is 2680kg/hm, and the three-year average yield is 8 1 16kg/hm, which is 43% higher than that of bright leaves. The four-year average yield 12450kg/hm was 22% higher than that of bright leaves. This variety is extremely resistant to powdery mildew and does not need spraying. In the cold winter, it is necessary to bury the soil to prevent cold, so as to survive the winter safely.

6. No pain.

This variety originated in Finland, 1986 was introduced from Poland by Northeast Agricultural University, and 200 1 was approved by Heilongjiang Crop Variety Approval Committee.

The growth potential is moderate, the crown is open, the branches are soft, and it is easy to droop after fruiting. Two-year-old began to bear fruit, with long and dense ears, 75% of fruit set by natural pollination, and the average yield per plant of two-year-old was 1.25kg. The fruit matured in mid-July, and the maturity was consistent, so it could be harvested at one time. The longitudinal diameter of fruit 1.45cm, the transverse diameter 1.4cm, the average single fruit weight 1.26g, and the maximum fruit weight is 2.5g, which is famous for its large fruit size. Sepals remain, the fruit shape is neat and consistent, and the peel is thick. Per 100g fresh fruit soluble solids 1 1.3%, total sugar 6.5 1%, total acid 2.49%, zinc 7.95mg/kg and vitamin C 49.84mg.. Strong resistance to powdery mildew, no pesticides are used before picking fruits. In winter in cold regions, it is necessary to bury the soil to prevent cold.

This variety is characterized by large and neat fruit, moderate sweet and sour, suitable for raw food, high yield and resistance to powdery mildew. It can be used as the main variety suitable for fresh food.

7. Black Pearl

This variety 1985 was introduced from Poland by Jilin Agricultural University.

The fruit of black pearl is relatively large, with average single fruit weight 1.33g and soluble solid content 1.4%. The surface of the fruit is bright and clean and looks like pearls. Black pearl is a late-maturing variety, which can be harvested around July 25 in Changchun, Jilin, with the same maturity. The average yield of five-year-old plants is 2.08kg, equivalent to 7425.6kg/hm, which is 29% higher than that of thick-skinned leaves. This variety is highly resistant to powdery mildew. Under the same conditions, when the thick skin and thin skin of bright leaves were seriously infected, the incidence rate reached100%; Black pearl is not diseased in young trees, but only 6.6 branches in adult trees 100 are tender, and slight diseases can be seen in tender leaves, which has no effect on growth and fruit. In the cold winter, it is necessary to bury the soil to prevent cold, so as to survive the winter safely.

8. Black Venus

This variety 1985 was introduced from Poland by Jilin Agricultural University.

Black Venus has a large fruit, with an average fruit weight of 1.32g and a soluble solid content of 15.5%. It belongs to late-maturing variety, and its maturity is similar to that of black pearl. This tree is slightly better than the black pearl. The average yield of five-year-old plants is 2. 13kg, equivalent to 7604kg/hm, which is 32.3% higher than that of bright leaves and thick skin. It is highly resistant to powdery mildew, and only young leaves have 3% infection rate in epidemic years, which has no effect on growth and fruit. Overwintering in cold areas requires burying soil to prevent cold.

9. Black at an early age

This variety 1985 was introduced from Poland by Jilin Agricultural University.

Early-born black fruit is larger, with average single fruit weight 125g and soluble solid content 15%. It is an early-maturing variety, harvested in Changchun, Jilin Province in June 10, with the same fruit maturity. The trees are lush and the output is high. The average yield of five-year-old trees is 2.04kg, equivalent to 7282.8kg/hm, which is 26.7% higher than that of bright leaves and thick skin. Immune to powdery mildew. Overwintering in cold areas requires burying soil to prevent cold.