1842 On August 29th, the Qing government and the British government signed an unequal treaty-Sino-British treaty of nanking. Every patriotic China will never forget this day, which is the first national shame day in modern history! Treaty of nanking has brought disastrous consequences to China society. Since then, three imperialist countries have invaded, plundered and carved up China. According to Article 2 of the Treaty, China has changed from an independent sovereign state to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

The treaty of nanking was drafted by the British aggressor Ma Lixun according to the Draft Treaty with China drafted by British Foreign Secretary Mr. Bamaizun. The treaty is *** 13, and its main contents are as follows:

(1) trade with five ports. According to Article 2 of the Treaty, China's coastal cities of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai were opened as trading ports, which satisfied the long-planned wish of the British invaders.

(2) Occupy Hong Kong. According to Article 3 of the Treaty, China and Hong Kong were ceded to Britain, making Hong Kong a bridgehead for British aggression against China.

(3) Compensation paid by Suo Le. According to Article 7 of the Treaty, China paid compensation of 2 1 10,000 yuan to Britain, which was paid in four years, including opium compensation of 6 million yuan, commercial arrears of 3 million yuan, and land and water military expenditure of10.2 million yuan. This huge sum of money seriously weakened the fiscal revenue of the Qing government, and the cost was bound to be passed on to the working people, thus further aggravating the people's disaster.

(4) agreed tariffs. According to Article 10 of the Treaty, China must negotiate with the British government to levy import and export goods tax on British businessmen. The agreed tariff is one of the important reasons for the underdeveloped industry in modern China.

(5) Other issues. Britain can send officials in charge of neighboring countries' affairs and trade port affairs; Abolish the public banking system in Guangdong; Release traitors and traitors; British managers and China officials communicate on an equal footing; British troops occupied this area of China until the Qing government paid the reparations.

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Nanjing Injury Treaty

(1) The cession of Hong Kong Island made China's territorial sovereignty incomplete; Hong Kong Island controls the estuary of Guangzhou. Commercially, the occupation of Hong Kong Island can hit Guangzhou's trade. Militarily, it can control Guangzhou and the southeast coast of China. Since then, Hong Kong Island has become a stronghold of British aggression against China.

(2) Huge reparations, equivalent to one-third of the annual fiscal revenue of the Qing government. Therefore, the Qing government strengthened the oppression of the people, and the people's burden was unprecedented; Made a bad example of the invaders extorting compensation from China. At the same time, it also provided capital accumulation for the development of British capitalism.

(3) The opening of five ports opened the door to the southeast coast of China, which facilitated the invasion of foreign capitalist forces and facilitated the export of foreign capitalist goods. It promoted the influx of goods from capitalist countries, including opium, into China, and made China's economy semi-colonial day by day. As a result, a large number of craftsmen in the southeast coast of China went bankrupt, and China's self-sufficient natural economy began to collapse, seriously undermining China's trade sovereignty. According to the Humen Treaty, the British can build houses on these leased land and live for a long time. These five ports became the strongholds of British aggression.

(4) The stipulation of the agreed tax rate is one-sided. It is only stipulated that the tax rate of British businessmen's import and export goods to China should be negotiated with the British side, but it is not stipulated that the tax rate of China's import and export goods to Britain should be negotiated with the Chinese side. Therefore, China unilaterally reduced the tariff rate. Therefore, this is a serious violation of China's tariff sovereignty and a far-reaching economic aggression measure. China began to lose its customs autonomy, which provided favorable conditions for foreign invaders to plunder China economically. Make China's import tax the lowest in the world. Since then, China has been unable to adjust its tax rate, and the customs has been unable to protect its industry and commerce. Instead, it has become a tool used by foreign invaders to dump foreign goods and plunder the export of China's raw materials. The agreed tariff not only destroyed China's tariff autonomy, but also helped western countries to dump goods, which made the development of China's national industry lose the protection of tariffs. China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.